Khrushchevism

Mao Zedong (left) and Nikita Khrushchev (right).

Khrushchevism is a form of Marxism-Leninism based on the theories and policies of Nikita Khrushchev and his administration in the Soviet Union.[1][2][3] Mao Zedong recognized "Khrushchevism" as a distinct ideology, initially from a positive perspective, though later the term was used by the Chinese Communists as a term of derision against the politics of the Soviet Union.[4][5]

Khrushchevism involves the rejection of Stalinism and particularly represents a movement away from Stalinist politics, including advocating a more liberal tolerance of some cultural dissent and deviance, a more welcoming international relations policy and attitude towards foreigners, and a repudiation of Stalinist arbitrariness and terror tactics.[6] Khrushchevism was not only a phenomenon in the Soviet Union; Khrushchevism was initially admired in China and Mao Zedong sought to model the Chinese Marxist-Leninist state upon principles developed by Khrushchevism; however, disputes with the Soviet Union later ended friendly relations between Mao and Khrushchev.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Robert F. Miller, Ferenc Féhér. Khrushchev and the communist world. Kent, England, UK; Fyshwick, Australia: Croom Helm Ltd., 1984. Pp. 1-5. Describes the term "Khrushchevism"
  2. ↑ Milorad M. Drachkovitch. Marxism in the Modern World. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 1965. Pp. 108. (Describes "Krushchevism")
  3. ↑ Jeremy Smith. Khrushchevism after Khrushchev: The rise of national interest in the Eastern Bloc by Katalin Miklossy, Khrushchev in the Kremlin: policy and government in the Soviet Union, 1953-1964. Oxon, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2011. Pp. 150.
  4. ↑ Robert F. Miller, Ferenc Féhér. Khrushchev and the communist world. Kent, England, UK; Fyshwick, Australia: Croom Helm Ltd., 1984. Pp. 6-8.
  5. ↑ Franz Schurmann. Ideology and Organization in Communist China. 2nd edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press; London, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1968. Pp. 33. Shows the later use by the Chinese Communists of "Khrushchevism" as a term of derision.
  6. ↑ Robert F. Miller, Ferenc Féhér. Khrushchev and the communist world. Kent, England, UK; Fyshwick, Australia: Croom Helm Ltd., 1984. Pp. 5.
  7. ↑ Robert F. Miller, Ferenc Féhér. Khrushchev and the communist world. Kent, England, UK; Fyshwick, Australia: Croom Helm Ltd., 1984. Pp. 6-8.
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