Tywardreath

Tywardreath
Cornish: Ti War Dreth

Tywardreath Church
Tywardreath
 Tywardreath shown within Cornwall
OS grid referenceSX084544
Civil parishTywardreath and Par
Unitary authorityCornwall
Ceremonial countyCornwall
RegionSouth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town PAR
Postcode district PL24
Dialling code 01726
Police Devon and Cornwall
Fire Cornwall
Ambulance South Western
EU Parliament South West England
UK ParliamentSouth East Cornwall
List of places
UK
England
Cornwall

Coordinates: 50°21′27″N 4°41′40″W / 50.3576°N 4.6945°W / 50.3576; -4.6945

Tywardreath (Cornish: Ti War Dreth, meaning manorial centre on a beach[1]) is a small hilltop village in southern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. about 3 miles (4.8 km) north west of Fowey. It is located in a sheltered spot overlooking a silted up estuary opposite Par and near the beach of Par Sands. It sits on the Saints' Way trail.

Tywardreath translates from the Cornish language as a manorial centre on a beach, or House on the Strand, and was featured by Daphne du Maurier in her novel The House on the Strand. Although a fictional tale of drug-induced time-travel, the history and geography of the area was carefully researched by du Maurier who lived in a house called Kilmarth (Cornish: Kilmergh, meaning horses' ridge), 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south.

The seal of the borough of Tywardreath was a Shield of Arms a saltire between four fleurs-de-lis, with the legend "Tywardreath".[2]

Tywardreath was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was one of 28 manors held by Richard from Robert, Count of Mortain. There were 2 hides of land and land for 12 ploughs. One virgate of land was held by Richard with 4 ploughs and 7 serfs; 8 villeins and 18 smallholders had the rest of the land with 3 ploughs. There were 6 acres of woodland and 100 acres of pasture. The manor was valued at £2 sterling though it had formerly been worth £4.[3]

Although the civil parish is shown under Tywardreath and Par there is an electoral ward (which also includes Par) shown under the name of Tywardreath only. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 4,897.[4]

Tywardreath Priory

The settlement grew out of a Benedictine priory established at around the time of the Norman conquest. It was dissolved in 1540 and many of the better stones are reputed to have been shipped to its parent monastery at Angers in France.

Corrody in Tywardreath Priory

A Corrody was an annual charge on its income, originally a voucher issued by the priory to pay board and lodging of founders whilst visiting, later monetised and used by kings as transferable pensions. In 1486 Henry VII recommended his servant William Martyn to the Corrody which the Prior compromised (i.e. monetised) for 5 Marks a year charged on the manors of Tywardreath and Trenant. A Corrody, no doubt the same one, was held in this Priory in 1509 by Hugh Denys of Osterley (died 1511), Groom of the King's Close Stool to Henry VII.[5] On the death of Denys, Henry VIII transferred the Corrody ("in the King's gift by death of Hugh Denys") to John Porth, another courtier.[6]

St. Andrew's Church

St Andrew's Church was first dedicated in 1343 but was extensively rebuilt in 1880. It houses a peal of six bells. Memorials include those to the Harris family, active in the English Civil War. Philip Rashleigh, of Menabilly, the famous mineralogist and MP for Fowey, is buried here.

Menabilly

Main article: Menabilly

Within the parish is the historic estate of Menabilly, long the seat of the Rashleigh family, in 1873 the largest landowners in Cornwall.[7]

Freemasonry

Tywardreath has an imposing single storey Masonic Hall at 2 Southpark Road, next door to the local primary school. The Masonic hall has disabled access from the rear, with a few steep steps at the front. The building is owned by St Andrew Lodge No. 1151 and is home to Seven Masonic bodies, including three Craft Lodges [8]

Trenython

Outside the village on the road up to Castle Dore is Trenython Manor (Cornish: Tre'n Eythyn, meaning the gorse farm). It was originally built for Colonel Peard as a thank-you from Garibaldi for support during his Italian struggle. In 1891 it became the bishop's palace for the Diocese of Truro and lasted in this role for 15 years. For half of the 20th century it was a railway convalescent home.

A local paper at the time reported: “Trenython, the seventh Railwaymen’s convalescent home was opened by Viscount Churchill, chairman of the GWR. It has accommodation for 85 men – the cost of refurbishment about £25,000 – and the architect was Mr B. Andrew of St Austell. The two Egyptian Pillars standing sentinel inside the front door had originated from the Temple of Ephesus and are thousands of years old. Trenython is to be a self-contained institution with its own water supply, own electric system and own sewage system.” Today Trenython Manor is a country house hotel.[9][10]

Notable residents

References

  1. ↑ Weatherhill, Craig. A Concise Dictionary of Cornish Place-names, 2009.
  2. ↑ Pascoe, W. H. (1979). A Cornish Armory. Padstow, Cornwall: Lodenek Press. p. 135. ISBN 0-902899-76-7.
  3. ↑ Thorn, C. et al. (1979) Cornwall. Chichester: Phillimore; entry 5,3,8
  4. ↑ "Ward population 2011.Retrieved 15 Feb 2011".
  5. ↑ Cornwall Archives 146 ART/3/146
  6. ↑ Letters & Papers, Foreign & Domestic of Henry VIII, vol 1, 1920.
  7. ↑ Per the Return of Owners of Land, 1873
  8. ↑ Province of Cornwall (2012) Cornwall Masonic Yearbook 2012/13
  9. ↑ Tywardreath Past and Present. Tywardreath WI. 1994. p. 132. ISBN 0952351900.
  10. ↑ "A brief history of Trenython Manor". Trenython Manor. Retrieved 18 February 2016.

External links

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