Kirishi

Kirishi (English)
Кириши (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Location of Leningrad Oblast in Russia
Kirishi
Location of Kirishi in Leningrad Oblast
Coordinates: 59°27′N 32°01′E / 59.450°N 32.017°E / 59.450; 32.017Coordinates: 59°27′N 32°01′E / 59.450°N 32.017°E / 59.450; 32.017
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of June 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Leningrad Oblast[1]
Administrative district Kirishsky District[1]
Settlement municipal formation Kirishskoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
Administrative center of Kirishsky District,[1] Kirishkoye Settlement Municipal Formation[1]
Municipal status (as of May 2010)
Municipal district Kirishsky Municipal District[2]
Urban settlement Kirishskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Kirishsky Municipal District,[2] Kirishskoye Urban Settlement[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 52,309 inhabitants[3]
- Rank in 2010 312th
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
First mentioned 1693[5]
Town status since 1965[6]
Previous names Soltsy (until 1931)[6]
Postal code(s)[7] 187110–187115, 187139
Official website
Kirishi on Wikimedia Commons

Kirishi (Russian: Ки́риши) is a town and the administrative center of Kirishsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volkhov River, 115 kilometers (71 mi) southeast of St. Petersburg. Population: 52,309 (2010 Census);[3] 55,634 (2002 Census);[8] 53,014 (1989 Census).[9]

Etymology

The name of the town originates from the Kirisha River (previously known as Kiresha), a tributary of the Volkhov River.

History

It was first mentioned in 1693.[5] Since 1727, it was a part of Novoladozhsky Uyezd of Novgorod Governorate, later of St. Petersburg Governorate.[5] In 1922–1923, the uyezd was renamed Volkhovsky.[10] Before 1931, Kirishi was known as Soltsy.[6]

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Andreyevsky District, with the administrative center in the selo of Andreyevo, was established.[6] The governorates were also abolished and the district became a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[6] Kirishi became a part of Andreyevsky District.[6] On September 30, 1931, the administrative center of the district was moved to Kirishi and the district was renamed Kirishsky.[6] On December 27, 1933 Kirishi was granter urban-type settlement status.[6] Kirishi was occupied for two years during World War II and completely destroyed in 1943, so that on February 19, 1944 the administrative center of the district was moved to the urban-type settlement of Budogoshch.[6]

In 1960, Kirishi was rebuilt and the Kirishi oil refinery was constructed. On February 1, 1963, the district was abolished and merged into Volkhovsky District but on January 12, 1965 it was re-established.[6] Kirishi was granted town status and made the administrative center of the district.[6] On January 26, 1967, Kirishi became a town of oblast significance.[6] In 2010, the administrative structure of Leningrad Oblast was harmonized with its municipal structure,[11] and Kirishi became a town of district significance.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kirishi serves as the administrative center of Kirishsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kirishsky District as Kirishskoye Settlement Municipal Formation.[1] As a municipal division, Kirishskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Kirishsky Municipal District as Kirishskoye Urban Settlement.[2]

Economy

In 1974, a "BVK" (belkovo-vitaminny kontsentrat, i.e., "protein-vitamin concentrate") production facility was constructed next to the oil refinery. This was the USSR Ministry of Microbiological Industry's second plant of this kind (after the one in Kstovo, opened in 1973). It used n-paraffins (byproducts of oil refining) as feedstock for yeast, which in its turn produced single-cell protein, used as poultry and cattle feed.[12]

After a 1987 accident at the microbiological plant, mass protests forced the Supreme Soviet (1989) to close down the facility, as well as its seven sister plants throughout the Soviet Union.[12]

Industry

There are several oil refineries and chemical industry enterprises. The biggest of them is Kinef.[13] Kirishi Power Station, a thermal power station, is located in Kirishi as well.

Kirishi is also planned to serve as the home of Russia's first residual oil high conversion refinery, the Kirishi-2 Oil Refinery, which is scheduled to open in 2017.[14] [15]

Transportation

The railroad connecting Sonkovo and Mga passes through Kirishi. Another railway branches off north. It connects Kirishi with Tikhvin, which lies on the line connecting St. Petersburg and Vologda via Cherepovets.

Kirishi is connected by road with Volkhov and Chudovo. There are also local roads.

The Volkhov River is navigable in Kirishi; however, there is no passenger navigation.

Culture and recreation

Oilmen's Sports Palace

The district contains seven objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[16] All of them commemorate the events of World War II.

Kirishi hosts the Kirishsky District Museum.[17]

Twin towns and sister cities

Kirishi is twinned with:

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Oblast Law #32-oz
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #49-oz
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. 1 2 3 Историческая справка (in Russian). Киришский муниципальный район. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Андреевский район (август 1927 г. – сентябрь 1931 г.), Киришский район (сентябрь 1931 г. – февраль 1963 г., январь 1965 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  7. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  8. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  9. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Новоладожский уезд (1917 г. - февраль 1923 г.), Волховский уезд (февраль 1923 г. - август 1927 г.) (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  11. ↑ Отчет о работе комитета по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Ленинградской области в 2010 году (in Russian). Комитет по печати и связям с общественностью Ленинградской области. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  12. 1 2 KIRISHI: A GREEN SUCCESS STORY? (Johnson's Russia List, December 19, 2002)
  13. ↑ Экономика (in Russian). Киришский муниципальный район. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  14. ↑ "Kirishi-2 Oil Refinery: Russia's first residual oil high-conversion refinery". Kirishi-2 Oil Refinery. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  15. ↑ "Kirishi Chosen for New Oil Refinery", St. Petersburg Times, March 26, 2014
  16. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  17. ↑ Киришский историко-краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved December 26, 2012.

Sources

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