ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih

Coordinates: 47°52′26″N 33°23′50″E / 47.8739°N 33.3972°E / 47.8739; 33.3972

ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih
Native name
 АрселорМіттал Кривий Ріг
public joint-stock company (PJSC)
Industry Steel
Predecessor

Novokryvorizky mining and processing combine and Kryvyi Rih coking plant (Новокриворізький гірничо-збагачувальний комбінат і Криворізький коксохімічний завод «Криворіжсталь»)

formed from:

Novokrivorozhsky HZK (Новокриворізький ГЗК (НК ГЗК))
Kryvyi Rih State Mining and Metallurgical Combine ("Krivorizhstal") (Криворізького державного гірничо-металургійного комбінату "Криворіжсталь")
"Krivorizky Coking plant" (Криворізький коксохімічний завод (ККХЗ))
Founded 1932[1]
Founder Supreme Economic Council USSR[2]
Headquarters Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine
Products Steel
coke
coke production by products
slag
Revenue UAH 36,74 billion (2014)
UAH -1,18 billion (2014)
Number of employees
 29,000 (2014)
Parent ArcelorMittal
Website www.arcelormittal.com.ua

Kryvorizhstal (Ukrainian: Криворіжсталь, officially ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih) is Ukraine's largest integrated steel company located in the Ukrainian city of Kryvyi Rih.

Bought in 2005 by Mittal Steel, the company is one of the most important businesses in Ukraine and a globally important steel producer. It is the largest steel manufacturer in Ukraine and largest manufacturer of both reinforcing bar and wire rod in the former Soviet Union. The company also produces processed iron ore concentrates for both own use and market.

In 2004, Kryvorizhstal produced over 7 million tonnes of crude steel, and mined over 17 million tonnes of iron ore.[3] As of 2005, the company employed about 57,000 people, which was reduced to 37,000 by 2011.

DTEK was Ukraine's largest private company by revenue, however due to separatists taking over its facilities in the War in Donbass ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih is now the largest private company by revenue in the country.[4]

Production

Located fully in Kryvyi Rih, Kryvorizhstal is the largest and most up-to-date steel company in the Kryvbas region (as well as in the whole Ukraine). It was built as an integrated mining and metallurgy plant (Ukrainian: комбінат, kombinat), comprising:

In 2010 installed capacity was for over 10 million tonnes iron (blast furnace), 8.5 million tonnes steel (oxygen converter), with a blooming mill capacity of 10 million tonnes, and section and wire rod hot rolling facilities of 4.2 and 1.9 million tonnes respectively.[5] ArcelorMittal's iron ore mines in Kryvih Riy, Ukraine had an output of 10 million tonnes, of which 90% was open cast.[5]

As of 2011 the plant's primary production is hot rolled long steel products including strip (4-10mm thick, 20-75mm width), square (10-22mm) and hexagonal (16-27mm) rod, L angle sections (3-6mm thick, width 20-45mm), round rod (10-32mm) and wire (5.5-14mm) and rebar (5.5-28mm). Also produced is cast iron (~4% carbon), steel billet (8 to 15 cm square cross section). Also produced are slag, quicklime, coke and byproducts from coke production including raw benzene, coal tar and ammonia, as well as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, krypton, and neon-helium gases.[6][7] The company's main export markets are the CIS, Middle East, west and north Africa, and the Balkans.[8]

History

Factory construction, 1960

Background

Soviet corporate pin

The presence of iron ore in the regions around Kryvyi Rih has been known since at least 1781 and was rumoured before;[1] being known to the ancients.[9] Throughout the 1800s the region was investigated for its mineral wealth. Iron ore of 70% iron content and manganese ores were found. In 1881 the industrial extraction of iron ore from the near region began, alongside other developments such as the construction of the Kryvyi Rih railway. By 1884 over 100,000 tons of iron ore had been extracted, and the railway though Kryvyi Rih (the Yekateryninska railway), 477 versts (505,6 km) long, from Yasynuvata station via Kryvyi Rih to Dolynska station had been opened.[1] The production expanded rapidly in the next years, as it did in other industrialized regions and countries. By 1896 there were 20 mines producing over 1,000,000 tonnes of ore in the Kryvyi Rih Basin, and the population had exploded though the toll on the health of the working men had begun to be noticed.[1] Industrial expansion continued in the region up to 1917. Production dropped during the first world war due to lack of labour.[1]

Foundation and growth in Soviet Union

After the formation of the Soviet Union and the expulsion of Austro-Hungarian forces and then anti-communist forces under Anton Denikin occupying the region relative normalcy was resumed.[1] Planning for the plant began in 1929, with the intention being to produce an integrated steel plant taking iron ore and carbon all the way to finished steel products.[10] In 1931 the chairman of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR - Grigori (Sergo) Ordzhonikidze signed a decree ordering its construction[2] and the same year the foundation stone of the metallurgical works was laid, workers included prison labourers, and initially German and Americans as well. In August 1934 the first metal was produced at Kryvorizhstal;[1] then known as 'Kryvyi Rih Metallurgical Works' (криворожский металлургический комбинат)[2]

Before the onset second world war the works operated 3 blast furnaces (of 3,160m3) and 2 open hearth furnaces along with a heat and power plant, in 1941 a blooming mill of 1.7 million tonnes p.a. and a fourth blast furnace and a third open hearth furnace came on line shortly before nazi occupation.[11]

Prior to occupation by German military forces equipment and workers were evacuated to Nizhny Tagil.[11] During the German administration (from the 14th of August 1941 to the 22nd of February 1944[1]), the plant was destroyed.,[12]

After the recapture of the area the complex was rebuilt, and continued to grow again; blast furnace No.7 was built in 1962, in 1970 blast furnace No.8 was built making the plant the largest in Europe, and in 1974 blast furnace No.9 was opened[1] the biggest in the world with a volume of 5000m3.[13]

Post Ukrainian independence

General view of the modern plant

In 1996, restructuring took place, combining the mining and ore concentrating unit Novokrivorozhsky HZK (Новокриворізький ГЗК (НК ГЗК)) (NK-HZK) with the Kryvyi Rih State Mining and Metallurgical Combine ("Krivorozhstal") (Криворізького державного гірничо-металургійного комбінату "Криворіжсталь") into one unit. The Krivorozhsky coking plant[14] (Криворізький коксохімічний завод (ККХЗ)) was included in the group in 1997,[13] forming the "Novokrivorozhsky mining and processing combine and Kryvyi Rih coking plant" (Новокриворізький гірничо-збагачувальний комбінат і Криворізький коксохімічний завод «Криворіжсталь») or simply "Kryvoriszhstal". Technically this was simply a paper exercise, the three units had been always been designed to work in concert, and the factory facilities were on the same site.[15]

In 2004 the organisation became a public company and was privatised.[13]

First privatization, 2004

Kryvorizhstal became internationally known when it was privatized in June 2004 for a sum of US $800 million,[16][17] (4.26 billion Hryvnia.[18]) against a government-set reserve price of $714 million,[19] to a consortium called Investment-Metallurgical Union. This consortium included Rinat Akhmetov's SCM and Interpipe Group,[18] controlled by then-President Kuchma's son-in-law Viktor Pinchuk.[17] Higher offers from foreign investors including a joint bid from Severstal/Arcelor, and a bid from Tata Steel were rejected on bidding technicalities.[20] The deal was widely criticized by the opposition and abroad as an example of corruption and state property mismanagement.[17]

By initiative of the new President Viktor Yushchenko, the privatization deal was dismissed by the court in June 2005, in order to sell the company again in a fair auction.[17]

2005-, Second privatisation and ArcelorMittal

At the time of the second privatisation the company had yearly sales of $1897 million with a net profit of $378 million, and cash of $413 million; the plant had a production capacity of ~10 million tonnes of raw steel, and rolling capacity for under 7 million tonnes, and was able to source most of its requirements for iron ore and coke locally.[21] The bidding process was broadcast live on Ukrainian television,[17] with Arcelor, Mittal Steel and Vadim Novinsky's Smart Holdings bidding - Mittal Steel was the highest bidder and acquired a 93.02 percent stake in Kryvorizhstal on October 24, 2005, for 24.2 billion Hryvnia (US$4.81 billion)[17] - Mittal Steel was expected to finance the acquisition from its own cash reserves and from a $3 billion loan arranged with UK based Citigroup. The price exceeded analyst predictions of $3 billion,[21] making it the largest privatization deal in the former Soviet Union.

In 2006 the company was renamed "Mittal Steel Kryvyi Rih"[22] (Ukrainian : ВАТ «Міттал Стіл Кривий Ріг»), later in 2007 after the takeover of Arcelor by Mittal steel to form ArcelorMittal the company was renamed Arcelor Mittal Kryvyi Rih.[23]

However, there were some conditional commitments for sale the agreement that had to be fulfilled by Mittal Steel, such as technical and environmental improvements to the installation (upgrading the coking plants and desulfurisation), as well as social improvements (the allocation of funds to improve social and living conditions of workers at 0.5% of the sum of the sold products per year).[24] On 14 July 2008, the Ukrainian Property Fund has sent the Ukrainian government a letter informing it about several investment commitments that were not fulfilled in 2007 by Mittal Steel Germany GmbH and asks the International Arbitrary Court at the Commercial Chamber of Ukraine[25] to decide on the annulment of this agreement.[24][26][27] In May 2009 an amendment to the original contract was signed allowing temporary delays to agreed contractual investments under force majeure circumstances.[28] The case was dropped in October 2010 by the government prosecutor.[29] The temporary force majeure exemption clause was terminated in October 2011.[30]

During the late-2000s financial crisis steel production decreased from 8.1 million tonnes in 2007,[31] to 6.2 million tonnes in 2008,[32] and to 5 million tonnes in 2009,[33] with decreases in other production metrics, as well as revenues, with the business making a net loss of 120million UAH in 2009 (from a profit of 4.7 billion UAH in 2008).[34] Production levels recovered to 2008 values in 2010.[5][35]

In June 2010 the installation began of the first continuous casting machine at the plant.[36] Siemens VAI supplied the six strand billet caster which is expected to have a production capacity of over 1.2 million tonnes p.a. of 150mm x 150mm billets.[37][38]

By 2011 staffing levels had been reduced from 55,000 (at acquisition) to 37,000, high by global standards - the management hoped to reduce the number of workers to approximately 15,000 over a decade to increase competitiveness.[39]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Historical chronicle of events (Kryvyi Rih City) 1734-1900", www.kryvyirih.dp.ua, archived from the original on 13 July 2007
  2. 1 2 3 informacija Kryvyi Rih section History Kryvorizhstal www.krnews.com.ua
  3. ↑ "Mittal Steel Company Acquires a 93% Stake in Kryvorizhstal in Ukraine", www.prnewswire.com (Mittal Steel Company NV), 24 Oct 2005
  4. ↑ "Top Ukrainian Companies by revenue.". Kyiv Post.
  5. 1 2 3 "ArcelorMittal Fact Book 2010" (PDF), www.arcelormittal.com (ArcelorMittal), July 2011, p. 30,77
  6. ↑ "РJSC'ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih' - For our partners", www.arcelormittal.com.ua (ArcelorMittal), Products, retrieved 30 December 2011
  7. ↑ "Каталог продукции ПАО "АрселорМиттал Кривой Рог"" (PDF), www.arcelormittal.com.ua (ArcelorMittal), retrieved 30 December 2011
  8. ↑ "http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=22583081", investing.businessweek.com (Bloomberg Businessweek), retrieved 30 December 2011 External link in |title= (help)
  9. ↑ ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih, Product catalogue Page 17 : "A glimpse of Kryviy Rih history" www.arcelormittal.com.ua
  10. ↑ Парадоксальные воспоминания о будущем КРИВОРОЖСТАЛИ. Bittersweet memories of the future KRYVORIZHSTAL h.ua
  11. 1 2 N. A. Gurov (July 1979). "Phases of large growth — The 45th anniversary of the Krivorozhstal' plant". Metallurgist (Springer New York) (Volume 23, Number 7): 439–443. doi:10.1007/BF00736640. ISSN 0026-0894. Krivorozhstal' Plant. Translated from Metallurg, No. 7, pp. 6–8, July, 1979.
  12. ↑ Кривой Рог - город шахтеров и металлургов Kryvyi Rih -- city of miners and metallurgists www.krivbassham.org
  13. 1 2 3 АрселорМиттал Кривой Рог (Криворожсталь) ArcelorMittal steel (Kryvorizhstal) file.liga.net
  14. ↑ КРИВОРОЖСКИЙ КОКСОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ ЗАВОД Kryvyi Rih Coke plant chem2.expoweb.ru
  15. ↑ Как «Криворожсталь» уникальной сделали How a single "Kryvoriszhstal" was made. Sergey Kapustin (Сергей КАПУСТИН), www.krivbass.in.ua
  16. ↑ Marat Terterov (ed.), "1. Editor's Introduction - Roses, Oranges and Foreign Investors", Ukraine Since the Orange Revolution: A Business And Investment Review, GMB Publishing Ltd, p. 8, ISBN 184673004X
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 John Marone (19 March 2010), "Monopolies thrive as toothless state bows to moguls", www.kyivpost.com (Kyiv Post)
  18. 1 2 Чистая прибыль "Криворожстали" составила 2012,610 млн. гривен, ukrrudprom.com (in Russian), 15 June 2005
  19. ↑ Alex Nicholson (14 May 2004), "Severstal Warns Kiev Over Major Sell-Off", www.themoscowtimes.com (The Moscow Times), Ukraine has set a minimum bid of $714 million for 93.1 percent of Kryvorizhstal, one of Ukraine's few profitable metals companies. It reported pre-tax profits of $302 million last year and has a capacity of 6 million tons of rolled steel, 7 million tons of steel and 7.8 million tons of pig iron
  20. ↑ Как закалялась "Криворожсталь"!, rosinvest.com (in Russian), 16 August 2005
  21. 1 2 "Mittal buys Ukraine's Kryvorizhstal for 4.81 bln usd - UPDATE", www.forbes.com (AFX News Limited via Forbes), 24 October 2005
  22. ↑ Krivorozhstal renamed as Mittal Steel Kryvyi Rih 14 January 2006, via steelguru.com
  23. ↑ "Mittal Steel Kryvyi Rih" renamed for "Arcelor Mittal Kryvyi Rih" 22.06.2007 www.kmu.gov.ua
  24. 1 2 State Property Fund wants to take Kryvorizhstal from Arcelor Mittal 14.07.2008 unian.net
  25. ↑ International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ICAC at the UCCI) about the court
  26. ↑ Ukraine to Protest Mittal Steel Agreement on Purchase of Kryvorizhstal in Court 14.07.2008 www.redorbit.com
  27. ↑ Ukraine agency slams ArcelorMittal, wants to sue July 14, 2008, reuters.com
  28. ↑ "РJSC'ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih' Наша история", www.arcelormittal.com, retrieved 30 December 2011, 14 мая 2009 г. – в связи с форс-мажором компания «АрселорМиттал Дуйзбург ГмбХ» и Фонд Государственного имущества Украины заключили Договор о внесении изменений в Договор купли-продажи. Согласно этому Договору 1 октября 2008 г. было определено датой возникновения форс-мажорных обстоятельств (обстоятельств непреодолимой силы), подтвержденных Торгово-промышленной палатой Украины. В соответствии с Дополнительным соглашением к Договору купли-продажи от 14 мая 2009 г. компания «АрселорМиттал Дуйзбург ГмбХ» в течение действия форс-мажорных обстоятельств имеет право приостановить выполнение некоторых инвестиционных обязательств. При этом общий срок выполнения таких обязательств продлевается согласно условиям Дополнительного соглашения.
  29. ↑
    • John Marone (15 October 2010), "Reprive", www.kyivpost.com
  30. ↑ "РJSC'ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih' Наша история", www.arcelormittal.com, retrieved 30 December 2011, October 3. 2011 .. Несмотря на тот факт, что экономические показатели ПАО «АрселорМиттал Кривой Рог» и мировой металлургической отрасли еще позволяют отсрочку некоторых инвестобязательств в соответствии с Договором купли-продажи, «АрселорМиттал Дуйзбург» добровольно выходит из обстоятельств форс-мажора, действие которых прекращается 31 декабря 2011 г. Соответственно, с 1 января 2012 г. ПАО «АрселорМиттал Кривой Рог» продолжит выполнение обязательств согласно условиям подписанного соглашения
  31. ↑ "ArcelorMittal Fact Book 2007" (PDF), www.arcelormittal.com (ArcelorMittal), June 2007, p. 129
  32. ↑ "ArcelorMittal Fact Book 2008" (PDF), www.arcelormittal.com (ArcelorMittal), June 2008, p. 97
  33. ↑ "ArcelorMittal Fact Book 2009" (PDF), www.arcelormittal.com (ArcelorMittal), June 2009, p. 97
  34. ↑ "ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih: overview of 2009", www.arcelormittal.com (ArcelorMittal), 16 March 2009
  35. ↑ "OJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih" announces its November production results", www.arcelormittal.com (ArcelorMittal), 17 December 2010
  36. ↑ "ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih and SIEMENS began construction of the continuous casting machine (CCM)", www.arcelormittal.com (ArcelorMittal), 2 June 2010
  37. ↑ "Move to modern long-product production: ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih orders secondary metallurgical equipment and billet caster from Siemens" (PDF), www.siemens.com (Siemens), 12 July 2010
  38. ↑ "ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih, Siemens Begin Construction of CCM", steelnews.com (Association for Iron & Steel Technology), 3 June 2010
  39. ↑ Testing the mettle of Ukraine's steel city, BBC News

Sources

External links

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