Koromfe language

Koromfe
Native to	Burkina Faso, Mali
Native speakers	200,000 (2001)[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo Atlantic–Congo Gur Northern Koromfe
Dialects	Koromba Fulse
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kfz
Glottolog	koro1298[2]

Koromfe is a Gur language spoken in a U-shaped area around the town of Djibo, in the north of Burkina Faso and southeastern Mali, bordering Dogon Country.

Dialects

There are two major dialect areas, most conveniently termed East and West. The traditional centre of the Eastern area is Aribinda and of the Western area Pobé-Mengao. The western area is also known as Lorom (with two short close mid vowels), which should not be confused with the recently created province of Loroum centred on Titao. (Titao is ethnically Koromba, but Koromfe is no longer spoken there.) The grammar of Rennison (1997) describes the Western dialect.

Sounds/Phonology

	bilabial	labio- dental	alveolar	palatal	velar	glottal
plosive	p  b		t  d		k  ɡ
nasal	m		n		ŋ
tap			r
fricative		f  v	s  z			h
approximant				j
lateral approximant			l

	labial-velar
approximant	w

The tap [r] is an allophone of /d/, which occurs as [d] only word-initially and after nasal consonants. There also exists a spirantised allophone of /ɡ/, i.e. [ɣ]; phonetic [ɡ] only occurs word-initially, after a nasal consonant, or between two ATR high vowels. Before nasal vowels the approximants /j/ and /w/ are nasalised, and the nasalised /j/ in slow, careful speech can even harden to [r]. However, there is no phonemic palatal series of consonants in Koromfe.

The vowel system comprises 5 non-ATR vowels /ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ/ and their ATR counterparts /i e ʌ o u/. All vowels occur both orally and (context-free) nasally, and long and short, giving 40 full vowels. There is also a schwa [ə] which alternates with zero and disappears in faster, more casual speech.

Writing system

Koromfe has no written form.

References

1. Koromfe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Koromfe". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

• Rennison, John (1997). Koromfe. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15257-7.