Kutchicetus

Kutchicetus Temporal range: Middle Eocene, 46–43 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Reconstruction of Kutchicetus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Cetacea
Suborder:	Archaeoceti
Family:	Remingtonocetidae
Genus:	Kutchicetus Bajpai & Thewissen 2000
Binomial name
Kutchicetus minimus Bajpai & Thewissen 2000

Kutchicetus ("Kutch whale") is an extinct genus of early whale of the family Remingtonocetidae that lived during Early-Middle Eocene (Lutetian and Ypresian) in what is now the coastal border of Pakistan and India (23°42′N 68°42′E / 23.7°N 68.7°E, paleocoordinates 6°00′N 61°48′E / 6.0°N 61.8°E).^[1][2] It is closely related to Andrewsiphius with which it was synonymized by Gingerich et al. 2001.^[3] Thewissen & Bajpai 2009 proposed a new clade, Andrewsiphiinae, for the two species. Later authors,^[4] however, still accept both as separate genera.

Kutchicetus is smaller than other remingtonocetids, and probably is the smallest Eocene cetacean. With its extremely narrow snout, it resembles Remingtonocetus and Dalanistes, but its strong tail distinguishes it from both Remingtonocetus and Andrewsiphius. Its limbs were short.^[5]

Skeleton of Kutchicetus minimus

Kutchicetus' vertebral formula is 7, 15, 8, 4, 20–25. Its four fused sacral vertebrae were probably articulated to the hip bone and the numerous tail vertebrae were robust and elongated in contrast to its short and relatively gracile limb bones. This morphology suggests that the tail played an important role in its locomotion, yet the proportions of the caudal-most vertebrae indicates Kutchicetus did not have flukes.^[6]

Kutchicetus' vertebral proportions are unlike those of any other cetaceans but similar to those of some land-living or semi-aquatic mammals, such as Pachyaena and otters. Kutchicetus' limbs and sacrum were probably weight-bearing and it probably swam using undulatory movements like modern otters and most likely Ambulocetus. This mode of locomotion represents a transitional stage in whale evolution.^[6]

See also

• Evolution of cetaceans

Notes

1. Kutchicetus in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved July 2013.
2. Godhatad (Eocene of India) in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved July 2013.
3. Gingerich et al. 2001, p. 288
4. E.g., Uhen 2010, p. 203
5. Bajpai & Thewissen 2000, p. 1478
6. Bajpai & Thewissen 2000, pp. 1480–1

References

• Bajpai, Sunil; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2000). "A new, diminutive Eocene whale from Kachchh (Gujarat, India) and its implications for locomotor evolution" (PDF). Current Science 79 (10): 1478–82. Retrieved July 2013.
• Gingerich, P. D.; Ul-Haq, M.; Khan, I. H.; Zalmout, I. S. (2001). "Eocene stratrigraphy and archaeocete whales (Mammalia, Cetacea) of Drug Lahar in the eastern Sulaiman range, Balochistan (Pakistan)". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30 (11): 269–319. Retrieved July 2013.
• Thewissen, J.G.M.; Bajpai, Sunil (2009). "New Skeletal Material of Andrewsiphius and Kutchicetus, Two Eocene Cetaceans from India". Journal of Paleontology 83 (5): 635–63. doi:10.1666/08-045.1. OCLC 4908550552.
• Uhen, Mark D. (2010). "The Origin(s) of Whales" (PDF). Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 38: 189–219. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152453. Retrieved July 2013.