LMS Patriot Class

45501 St. Dunstans at Stafford, 1954

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Sir Henry Fowler
Builder	LMS, Crewe and Derby works
Build date	1930–1934
Total produced	52

Specifications
Configuration	4-6-0
UIC class	2′C h3
Gauge	4 ft 8 ¹⁄₂ in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Leading dia	3 ft 3 in (0.991 m)
Driver diameter	6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)
Length	62 ft 8 ³⁄₄ in (19.120 m)
Loco weight	80.75 long tons (82.05 t; 90.44 short tons)
Tender weight	42.70 long tons (43.39 t; 47.82 short tons)
Loco & tender weight	123.45 long tons (125.43 t; 138.26 short tons)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	5.5 long tons (5.6 t; 6.2 short tons)
Water cap	3,500 imp gal (16,000 l; 4,200 US gal)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	30 ¹⁄₂ sq ft (2.83 m²)
Boiler	G9½S
Boiler pressure	200 psi (1.4 MPa)
Heating surface: • Tubes and flues	1,552 sq ft (144.2 m²)
• Firebox	183 sq ft (17.0 m²)
Superheater: • Heating area	365 sq ft (33.9 m²)
Cylinders	3
Cylinder size	18 in × 26 in (457 mm × 660 mm)
Valve gear	Walschaerts
Valve type	Piston valves
Train brakes	Vacuum

Performance figures
Tractive effort	26,520 lbf (118.0 kN)

Career
Operators	London, Midland and Scottish Railway → British Railways
Power class	1930–51: 5XP 1951–65: 6P5F
Numbers	LMS (1934): 5500–5551 BR: 45500–45551
Withdrawn	1960–1965
Disposition	All original locomotives Scrapped; one new-build under construction

Rebuilt Patriot Class

45528 R.E.M.E. in November 1962

Type and origin
Only differences from above are shown
Power type	Steam
Rebuild date	1946–1949
Number rebuilt	18

Specifications
Loco weight	82.00 long tons (83.32 t; 91.84 short tons)
Tender weight	54.65 long tons (55.53 t; 61.21 short tons)
Loco & tender weight	136.65 long tons (138.84 t; 153.05 short tons)
Fuel capacity	9 long tons (9.1 t; 10 short tons)
Water cap	4,000 imp gal (18,000 l; 4,800 US gal)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	31 ¹⁄₄ sq ft (2.90 m²)
Boiler	2A
Boiler pressure	250 lbf/in² (1.72 MPa)
Heating surface: • Tubes and flues	1,667 sq ft (154.9 m²)
• Firebox	195 sq ft (18.1 m²)
Superheater: • Heating area	348–367 sq ft (32.3–34.1 m²)
Cylinder size	17 in × 26 in (432 mm × 660 mm)

Performance figures
Tractive effort	29,570 lbf (131.53 kN)

Career
Power class	6P 7P from 1951
Axle load class	BR: Route Availability 9

The Patriot Class was a class of 52 express passenger steam locomotives built for the London Midland and Scottish Railway. The first locomotive of the class was built in 1930 and the last in 1934. All of the Patriot class locomotives were withdrawn from service by 1965. The class was based on the chassis of the Royal Scot combined with the boiler from Large Claughtons earning them the nickname Baby Scots.

Overview

The first two were rebuilt in 1930 from the 1912-built LNWR Large Claughton Class, retaining the original driving wheels with their large bosses, the "double radial" bogie truck and some other parts. Of the subsequent 50 locomotives of the class 40 were nominal rebuilds of Claughtons, being in fact new builds classified as rebuilt engines so that they could be charged to revenue accounts, rather than capital. The last ten were classified as new builds.

The two former Claughtons retained their original numbers until 1934, when they were renumbered 5500–1.^[1] The 40 built as replacements took the numbers of the Claughtons that they replaced; these were renumbered 5502–41 in 1934.^[2] The remainder of the class were allocated nos. 6030–9, but were numbered 5542–51 from new.^[3] BR added 40000 to their numbers to make them 45500–51. The numbering of the similar LMS Jubilee Class continued on from where the Patriots left off. This was because 5552–5556 were ordered as Patriots (to be numbered 6040–4) but built with taper boilers as Jubilees on the orders of Sir William Stanier.^[4]

Naming of the class was somewhat erratic. Some retained old Claughton names, whilst others continued the military associations of the names Patriot and St Dunstans, and 13 carried names of holiday resorts served by the LMS. Seven remained unnamed, although they had been allocated names in 1943.

Between 1946 and 1948 eighteen were rebuilt with Stanier 2A boiler, cab and tender, though again these were paper rebuilds. The rebuilt engines were (4)5512/14/21–23/25–32/34–36/45. These were originally built without smoke deflectors but starting in 1948 were fitted with LMS Royal Scot Class pattern deflectors. The two original members of the class, and the first ten of the nominal rebuilds, were not rebuilt due to their non-standard parts.

All were withdrawn between 1960 and 1965. None have survived to preservation.

In 2007 a proposal to build a new LMS Patriot, using the surviving drawings, was published in the 13 July issue of Steam Railway magazine. This led to the formation of a Limited Company with charitable status.

Accidents and incidents

On 13 March 1935, a milk train was in a rear-end collision with an express freight train at King's Langley, Hertfordshire due to a signalman's error. Locomotive No. 5511 was hauling a freight train that collided with the wreckaged. A fourth freight train then ran into the wreck. One person was killed.^[5]
On 16 October 1939, locomotive No. 5544 was hauling a train that was in a collision with another train at Winwick Junction, Cheshire and was derailed.^[6]
On 13 October 1940, locomotive No. 5529 was hauling an express passenger train that collided with a platform barrow obstructing the line at Wembley Central station, Middlesex and was derailed. Several people were killed and many more were injured.^[7]

Details

Pre- 1934 LMS No.	Post 1934 LMS No. (BR + 40000)	Name (date if not from new)	Built	Works	Withdrawn	Notes
5971	5500	Patriot (Feb. 1937)	000000001930-11-01-0000November 1930	Derby	000000001961-03-01-0000March 1961	Original name – Croxteth.
5902	5501	St. Dunstans (1937)	000000001930-11-01-0000November 1930	Derby	000000001961-09-01-0000September 1961	Original name – Sir Frank Ree.
5959	5502	Royal Naval Division (1937)	000000001932-07-01-0000July 1932	Crewe	000000001960-09-01-0000September 1960
5985	5503	The Leicestershire Regiment (1938)	000000001932-07-01-0000July 1932	Crewe	000000001961-08-01-0000August 1961	The Royal Leicestershire Regiment from Nov. 1948.
5987	5504	Royal Signals (1937)	000000001932-07-01-0000July 1932	Crewe	000000001962-03-01-0000March 1962
5949	5505	The Royal Army Ordnance Corps (1947)	000000001932-08-01-0000August 1932	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
5974	5506	The Royal Pioneer Corps (Sep. 1948)	000000001932-08-01-0000August 1932	Crewe	000000001962-03-01-0000March 1962
5936	5507	Royal Tank Corps (1937)	000000001932-08-01-0000August 1932	Crewe	000000001962-10-01-0000October 1962
6010	5508		000000001932-08-01-0000August 1932	Crewe	000000001960-11-01-0000November 1960	Fitted with stovepipe chimney in 1956.
6005	5509	The Derbyshire Yeomanry (1951)	000000001932-08-01-0000August 1932	Crewe	000000001961-08-01-0000August 1961
6012	5510		000000001932-08-01-0000August 1932	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
5942	5511	Isle of Man (1938)	000000001932-09-01-0000September 1932	Crewe	000000001961-02-01-0000February 1961
5966	5512	Bunsen	000000001932-09-01-0000September 1932	Crewe	000000001965-03-01-0000March 1965	Rebuilt Jul. 1948.
5958	5513		000000001932-09-01-0000September 1932	Crewe	000000001962-09-01-0000September 1962	1943 name allocated: Sir W.A. Stanier.
5983	5514	Holyhead (1938)	000000001932-09-01-0000September 1932	Crewe	000000001961-06-01-0000June 1961	Rebuilt Mar. 1947.
5992	5515	Caernarvon (1939)	000000001932-10-01-0000October 1932	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
5982	5516	The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment. (1938)	000000001932-10-01-0000October 1932	Crewe	000000001961-08-01-0000August 1961
5952	5517		000000001933-02-01-0000February 1933	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
6006	5518	Bradshaw (1939)	000000001933-02-01-0000February 1933	Crewe	000000001962-10-01-0000October 1962
6008	5519	Lady Godiva	000000001933-02-01-0000February 1933	Crewe	000000001962-03-01-0000March 1962
5954	5520	Llandudno (1937)	000000001933-02-01-0000February 1933	Derby	000000001962-05-01-0000May 1962
5933	5521	Rhyl (1937)	000000001933-03-01-0000March 1933	Derby	000000001963-09-01-0000September 1963	Rebuilt Nov. 1946.
5973	5522	Prestatyn (1939)	000000001933-03-01-0000March 1933	Derby	000000001964-09-01-0000September 1964	Rebuilt Jan. 1949.
6026	5523	Bangor (1938)	000000001933-03-01-0000March 1933	Crewe	000000001964-01-01-0000January 1964	Rebuilt Oct. 1948
5907	5524	Blackpool (1937)	000000001933-03-01-0000March 1933	Crewe	000000001962-09-01-0000September 1962	Original name Sir Frederick Harrison.
5916	5525	Colwyn Bay (1937)	000000001933-03-01-0000March 1933	Derby	000000001963-05-01-0000May 1963	Original name E. Tootal Broadhurst. Rebuilt Aug. 1948.
5963	5526	Morecambe and Heysham (1937)	000000001933-03-01-0000March 1933	Derby	000000001964-10-01-0000October 1964	Rebuilt Feb. 1947
5944	5527	Southport (1937)	000000001933-04-01-0000April 1933	Derby	000000001964-12-01-0000December 1964	Rebuilt Sep. 1948
5996	5528	R.E.M.E. (Sep. 1959)	000000001933-04-01-0000April 1933	Derby	000000001963-01-01-0000January 1963	Rebuilt Sep. 1948. Only rebuilt engine to run without name.
5926	5529	Stephenson (1948)	000000001933-04-01-0000April 1933	Crewe	000000001964-02-01-0000February 1964	Original name Sir Herbert Walker K.C.B. until 1937. Rebuilt Jul. 1947.
6022	5530	Sir Frank Ree (1937)	000000001933-04-01-0000April 1933	Crewe	000000001965-12-01-0000December 1965	Name transferred from 5501. Rebuilt Oct. 1946.
6027	5531	Sir Frederick Harrison (1937)	000000001933-04-01-0000April 1933	Crewe	000000001965-11-01-0000November 1965	Name transferred from 5524. Rebuilt Dec. 1947. Painted experimental Apple Green livery 1948.
6011	5532	Illustrious	000000001933-04-01-0000April 1933	Crewe	000000001964-02-01-0000February 1964	Rebuilt Jun.1948.
5905	5533	Lord Rathmore	000000001933-04-01-0000April 1933	Derby	000000001962-09-01-0000September 1962
5935	5534	E. Tootal Broadhurst (1937)	000000001933-04-01-0000April 1933	Crewe	000000001964-05-01-0000May 1964	Name transferred from 5525. Rebuilt Dec. 1948.
5997	5535	Sir Herbert Walker K.C.B. (1937)	000000001933-05-01-0000May 1933	Derby	000000001963-11-01-0000November 1963	Name transferred from 5529. Rebuilt Sep. 1948.
6018	5536	Private W. Wood V.C. (1936)	000000001933-05-01-0000May 1933	Crewe	000000001962-12-01-0000December 1962	Rebuilt Nov. 1948.
6015	5537	Private E. Sykes V.C.	000000001933-07-01-0000July 1933	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
6000	5538	Giggleswick (1938)	000000001933-07-01-0000July 1933	Crewe	000000001962-09-01-0000September 1962
5925	5539	E. C. Trench	000000001933-07-01-0000July 1933	Crewe	000000001961-09-01-0000September 1961
5901	5540	Sir Robert Turnbull	000000001933-08-01-0000August 1933	Crewe	000000001963-04-01-0000April 1963	Rebuilt Oct. 1947. Painted experimental Apple Green livery 1948.
5903	5541	Duke of Sutherland	000000001933-08-01-0000August 1933	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
	5542		000000001934-03-01-0000March 1934	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
	5543	Home Guard (1940)	000000001934-03-01-0000March 1934	Crewe	000000001962-11-01-0000November 1962
	5544		000000001934-03-01-0000March 1934	Crewe	000000001962-11-01-0000November 1962
	5545	Planet (1948)	000000001934-03-01-0000March 1934	Crewe	000000001964-06-01-0000June 1964	Rebuilt Nov. 1948.
	5546	Fleetwood (1938)	000000001934-03-01-0000March 1934	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
	5547		000000001934-04-01-0000April 1934	Crewe	000000001962-09-01-0000September 1962
	5548	Lytham St. Annes (1937)	000000001934-04-01-0000April 1934	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962
	5549		000000001934-04-01-0000April 1934	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962	1943 name allocated: R.A.M.C.
	5550		000000001934-05-01-0000May 1934	Crewe	000000001962-11-01-0000November 1962	1943 name allocated: Sir Henry Fowler
	5551	The Unknown Warrior.	000000001934-05-01-0000May 1934	Crewe	000000001962-06-01-0000June 1962	Replica under construction.

New Build Patriot Locomotive - 'The Unknown Warrior'

Main article: LMS-Patriot Project

Although no Patriot in either rebuilt or unrebuilt forms survived into preservation a new 'Patriot' is under construction at the Llangollen Railway. The LMS-Patriot Project,^[8] a registered charity, is appealing for donations or regular contributions to build the new, 3 cylinder, Fowler designed, parallel boiler, 4-6-0 express passenger loco. It will carry the number of the last built – LMS number 5551 or British Railways number 45551. After a public poll, the new Patriot locomotive will be named The Unknown Warrior, whose tomb is located in Westminster Abbey.

In fiction

This class of engine forms the basis of Big City Engine from the Railway Series of children's books by the Rev. W. Awdry.

00 Gauge Models

Bachmann Industries make a model of the original Patriot. Hornby introduced an original Patriot in the 1980s that has remained in production and now forms part of the 'Railroad' budget range.

Rebuilt Patriots were for a time produced by Bachmann, but they discontinued the old moulding and do not intend to produce a new moulding, as Hornby have released Rebuilt Patriots in their own main range.

References

↑ Toms, Essery & James 2006, p. 65.
↑ Toms, Essery & James 2006, p. 63.
↑ Toms, Essery & James 2006, p. 69.
↑ Toms, Essery & James 2006, pp. 67, 69.
↑ Hall 1990, p. 99.
↑ Earnshaw 1990, p. 22.
↑ Earnshaw 1990, pp. 24-25.
↑ "Creating the new Royal British Legion Endorsed National Memorial Engine". Lms-patriot.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-02-24.

Earnshaw, Alan (1990). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 6. Penryn: Atlantic Books. ISBN 0-906899-37-0.
Hall, Stanley (1990). The Railway Detectives. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0 7110 1929 0.
Hugh Longworth British Railway Steam Locomotives 1948-1968 ISBN 0-86093-593-0
Nock, O. S. Royal Scots and Patriots of the LMS.
Rowledge, J.W.P. (1975). Engines of the LMS built 1923–51. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-902888-59-5.
Toms, George; Essery, R.J.; James, F. (2006). Historical Locomotive Monographs No. 3: Claughton & Patriot 4-6-0s. Didcot: Wild Swan. ISBN 1-905184-19-0.
Whiteley, John S.; Morrison, Gavin W. The Power of the Patriots. ISBN 0-86093-232-X.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LMS Patriot Class.

London, Midland and Scottish Railway locomotives

Hughes (1923–1925)	5MT Crab

Fowler (1925–1931)	2P 4-4-0 2F Dock Tank 3MT 2-6-2T 3F Jinty 4P Compound 4MT 2-6-4T 4F 0-6-0 6P Patriot 7P Royal Scot 7F 0-8-0 Garratt 6399 Fury

Stanier (1932–1944)	2P 0-4-4T 3MT 2-6-2T 4MT 2-6-4T (2 cylinders) 4MT 2-6-4T (3 cylinders) 5MT 2-6-0 5MT Black Five 6P Jubilee 8P Princess Royal 8P Coronation 8F 2-8-0 Turbomotive

Fairburn (1944–1945)	4MT 2-6-4T

Ivatt (1945–1947)	2MT 2-6-0 2MT 2-6-2T 4MT 2-6-0 NCC Class WT 2-6-4 Diesels 10000–10001

Diesel shunters	1831 7050 7051 7052 7053 7054 7055–7056 7057 7058 7059–7068 7069–7079 7080–7119 7120–7129

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