Locomotives of the London and North Eastern Railway

The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) produced several classes of locomotive, mostly to the designs of Nigel Gresley, characterised by a three-cylinder layout with a parallel boiler and round-topped firebox. It produced the most iconic locomotive of its day, 4468 'Mallard', the holder of the world steam locomotive speed record. It also built the world famous 4472 'Flying Scotsman'. However, its locomotive inheritance was much greater than just the 'A4 Class', it also produced highly successful mixed-traffic and freight designs.

• For an explanation of the classification and numbering systems used by the LNER and its constituent companies, see: LNER locomotive numbering and classification.

Locomotives of constituent companies

Great Central Railway

Including the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway

Charles Sacré (1859–1886)

Class	Type	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	LNER Class	Notes
4	0-4-0ST	2	Manning Wardle	1883	Y2	Manning Wardle Class H
6B	4-4-0	27		1877–80	D12
6C	0-6-0	62	Gorton Works	1880–85	J12
12A	2-4-0	28		1875–85	(none)
12AT	2-4-0T	8	Gorton Works	1881	E8
7	0-6-0T	6		1885	(none)
4	0-6-0ST	1	Manning Wardle	1873	J69/1	Acquired 1876
18	0-6-0			1869–73	(none)	Twenty rebuilt as tank engine 1902–05
18 Converted	0-6-0ST	20		1869–71	J58	Rebuilt from tender engines 1902–05
18T	0-6-0ST	41		1871–81	J59

Thomas Parker (1886–1893)

Class	Type	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	LNER Class	Notes
2	4-4-0	25	Kitson & Co. (13) Gorton Works (12)	1887–1892	D7
3	2-4-2T	39		1889–1892	F1
6AI	0-6-0	12		1888	J8
6D	2-4-0	3	Gorton Works	1887	E2
6DB	4-4-0	3	Gorton Works	1888	D8
9	0-6-0	6	Gorton Works	1888–89	J13
9A	0-6-2T	55		1889–92	N4
9B & 9E	0-6-0	31	Neilson & Co. (25) ? (6)	1891–95	J9
9C & 9F	0-6-2T	129		1891–1901	N5	Includes two acquired with Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway
9D, 9H & 9M	0-6-0	124		1892–1902	J10

Harry Pollitt (1893–1900)

Class	Type	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	LNER Class	Notes
2A	4-4-0	6	Gorton Works	1887–1892	D7
5	0-6-0ST	12	Gorton Works	1897	J62
9G	2-4-2T	10	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1896	F2
11	4-4-0	6	Gorton Works	1894–95	D5
11A	4-4-0	33	Gorton Works (13) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (20)	1897–99	D6
13	4-2-2	6		1900	X4

John G. Robinson (1900–22)

see John G. Robinson

Class	Type	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	LNER Class	1946 LNER nos.	Notes
8C	4-6-0	2	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1903–04	B1	1479–80	later LNER Class B18
1	4-6-0	6	Gorton Works	1912–13	B2	1490–93	“Sir Sam Fay” class; later LNER Class B19
9P	4-6-0	6	Gorton Works	1917–20	B3	1494–99	“Lord Faringdon” class
8F	4-6-0	10	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1906	B4	1481–89	“Immingham” class
8	4-6-0	14	Neilson & Co. (6) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (8)	1902–04	B5	1678–90
8N	4-6-0	3	Gorton Works	1918–21	B6	1346–48
9Q	4-6-0	38	Gorton Works (23) Vulcan Foundry (10) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (5)	1921–23	B7	1360–97
1A	4-6-0	11	Gorton Works	1913–15	B8	1349–59	“Glenalmond” class
8G	4-6-0	10	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1906	B9	1469–78
8B/8J	4-4-2	27	Beyer, Peacock & Co. (7) North British Loco. Co. (12) Gorton Works (8)	1903–06	C4	2900–25
8D/8E	4-4-2	4	Gorton Works	1905–06	C5	2895–98	[1] Three-cylinder compounds
11B/11C/11D	4-4-0	40	Sharp, Stewart & Co. (30) Vulcan Foundry (10)	1901–04	D9	2300–33
11E	4-4-0	10	Gorton Works	1913	D10	2650–59	“Director” class
11F	4-4-0	35	Armstrong Whitworth (12) Gorton Works (11) Kitson & Co. (12)	1919–24	D11	2660–94	“Improved Director” class
9J	0-6-0	174	Neilson, Reid & Co. (49) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (25) Gorton Works (70) Vulcan Foundry (15) Yorkshire Engine Co. (15)	1901–10	J11	4280–4453
8K	2-8-0	126	Gorton Works (56) Kitson & Co. (20) North British Loco. Co. (50)	1911–14	O4	3570–3900	Another 521 built for the government, of which 276 later came to the LNER. 58 converted to “O1” between 1944 and 1952
8M	2-8-0	19	Gorton Works	1918–21	O5	3902–3920	All eventually converted to “O4”
8A	0-8-0	89	Gorton Works (35) Kitson & Co. (51) Neilson, Reid & Co. (3)	1902–11	Q4	3200–43, 9925–37	13 converted to tanks by LNER (class Q1) 1942–45
9N	4-6-2T	21	Gorton Works	1911–17	A5	9800–20	24 more built by LNER 1923–26
9K	4-4-2T	40	Gorton Works (28) Vulcan Foundry (12)	1903–05	C13	7400–39
9L	4-4-2T	12	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1907	C14	7440–51
4	0-6-0ST	1	Hudswell Clarke	1909	J69/1	—	[2] Acquired 1911
5A	0-6-0T	7	Gorton Works	1906–14	J63	8204–10	[3]
1B	2-6-4T	20	Gorton Works	1914–17	L1	9050–69	[4] LNER class L3 from 1945
8H	0-8-4T	4	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1907–08	S1	9900–05	[2] Two more built by LNER in 1932

Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway

The Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway was absorbed by the Great Central Railway on 1 January 1907.

Class	W.A.	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	LNER Class	Notes
A	0-6-2T	18	Kitson & Co.	1895–1900	N6	[5] LDEC Nos. 1–8, 19–28. Five more that had been ordered were sold by Kitson's to the Hull and Barnsley Railway
B	0-6-0T	4	Kitson & Co.	1897	J60	[6] LDEC Nos. 9–12
C	0-4-4T	6	Kitson & Co.	1897–1898	G3	[7] LDEC Nos. 13–18
D	0-6-4T	9	Kitson & Co.	1904–06	M1	[8] LDEC Nos. 29–34, A1–13; GCR 1148–1153, 1145–47

Great Eastern Railway

Great North of Scotland Railway

In 1923 the Great North of Scotland Railway passed on a total of 122 locomotives, 100 4-4-0 tender locomotives and 22 tank engines, all capable of being used on either passenger or goods trains, to the LNER.^[9]

Locomotive superintendent	GNoSR Class	LNER class	Quantity Built	Passed to LNER	WA	Manufacturer	Date introduced	Date withdrawn	Notes
William Cowan (1857–83)	K	D47/2	6	3	4-4-0	Neilson & Co.	1866	1921–25	[10]
	L	D47/1	6	6	4-4-0	Neilson & Co.	1876	1924–26	[11]
	M	D45	9	9	4-4-0	Neilson & Co.	1878	1925–32	[11]
	C	D39	3	3	4-4-0	Neilson & Co.	1879	1925–27	[11]
James Manson (1883–90)	A	D44	6	6	4-4-0	Kitson & Co.	1884	1924–32	[12]
	G	D48	3	3	4-4-0	Kitson & Co.	1885	1928–34	[12]
	D	J90	6	6	0-6-0T	Kitson & Co.	1884	1932–36	[13]
	E	J91	3	3	0-6-0T	Kitson & Co.	1885	1931–34	[13]
	N	D46	2	2	4-4-0	GNSR Kittybrewster	1887	1932–36	[14]
	O	D42	9	9	4-4-0	Kitson & Co.	1888	1935–46	[15]
	P	D43	3	3	4-4-0	R. Stephenson & Co.	1890	1936–38	[16]
	Q	D38	3	3	4-4-0	R. Stephenson & Co.	1890	1931–38	[16]
James Johnson (1890–94)	R	G10	9	9	0-4-4T	Neilson & Co.	1893	1937–47	[17]
	S	D41	6	6	4-4-0	Neilson & Co.	1893	1947–	[18]
William Pickersgill (1894–1914)	T	D41	26	26	4-4-0	Neilson & Co.	1895–98	1946–	[19]
	V	D40	5	13	4-4-0	Neilson & Co.	1899–1900	1946–	Ten were ordered, five sold to the SE&CR[20]
	V	D40	8		4-4-0	GNSR Inverurie	1910–15	1947–	[21]
Thomas E. Heywood (1914–23)	Y	Z5	2	2	0-4-2T	Manning Wardle	1915		[22]
	X	Z5, later Z4	2	2	0-4-2T	Manning Wardle	1915		[22]
	F	D40	6	8	4-4-0	North British Loco. Co.	1920		Named[23]
	F	D40	2		4-4-0	GNSR Inverurie	1921		Named[23]

Great Northern Railway

Hull and Barnsley Railway

The H&BR was taken over by the North Eastern Railway (NER) in 1922.

Class	W.A.	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	LNER Class	Notes
A	0-6-0T	12	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1884	—
B	0-6-0	20	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1884	—
C	2-4-0	10	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1885	—
K	0-4-0WT	6	Kitson & Co.	1886–89	—
B	0-6-0	55	Kitson & Co. (36) Vulcan Foundry (4) Yorkshire Engine Co. (15)	1889–1908	J23
G2	0-6-0T	3	R. Stephenson & Co.	1892	J80
F1	0-6-2T	5	Kitson & Co.	1900	N11	Ordered by the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway
F2	0-6-2T	9	Kitson & Co.	1901	N12
G3	0-6-0T	16	Yorkshire Engine Co. (6) Kitson & Co. (10)	1901–08	J75
A	0-8-0	15	Yorkshire Engine Co.	1907	Q10
J	4-4-0	5	Kitson & Co.	1910	D24
L1	0-6-0	10	Kitson & Co.	1911–12	J28
L	0-6-0	5	Yorkshire Engine Co.	1914	J28
LS	0-6-0	5	Kitson & Co.	1915	J28
F3	0-6-2T	10	Hawthorn Leslie	1913–14	N13

Metropolitan Railway

These three classes were taken into LNER stock on 1 November 1937. The other former Metropolitan locomotives were retained by London Transport, which had acquired all of them at its formation on 1 July 1933.^[24]

Class	W.A.	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	LNER Class	Notes
G	0-6-4T	4	Yorkshire Engine Co.	1915	M2
H	4-4-4T	8	Kerr, Stuart & Co.	1920–21	H2
K	2-6-4T	6	Armstrong Whitworth	1925	L2

Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway

M&GN locomotives were taken into LNER stock on 1 October 1936.

Class	W.A.	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	LNER Class	Notes
M&GN Class A	4-4-2T	3	Melton Constable Works	1904–1910	C17	M&GN Nos. 41, 20, 9
M&GN Class C	4-4-0	40	Sharp, Stewart & Co. (33) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (7)	1894–1899	D52/D53/D54	LNER class based on firebox variations

North British Railway

North Eastern Railway

Locomotives built by the LNER

Gresley designs

Class	Wheel arrangement	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	Post-1946 numbers	Notes
A3	4-6-2	27	Doncaster Works North British Loco. Co.	1928–35	35–112	+51 rebuilds of A1
A4	4-6-2	35	Doncaster Works	1935–38	1–34	Streamlined
B17	4-6-0	73	North British Loco. Co. (10) Darlington Works (52) R. Stephenson & Co. (11)	1928–37	1600–1672	[25]Two were streamlined in "A4" style
D49	4-4-0	76	Darlington Works	1927–35	2700–2775	Named after counties & hunts.
J38	0-6-0	35	Darlington Works	1926	5900–5934
J39	0-6-0	289	Darlington Works (261) Beyer, Peacock & Co. (28)	1926–41	4700–4988
K4	2-6-0	5	Darlington Works	1937–39	1993–1998	One later rebuilt by Thompson as K1
P1	2-8-2	2	Doncaster Works	1925	—
P2	2-8-2	6	Doncaster Works	1934–36	501–506	later streamlined – all rebuilt as A2/2 during 1941–44
U1	2-8-0+0-8-2	1	Beyer, Peacock & Co.	1925	9999	Garratt – for banking on Worsborough incline
V1	2-6-2T	82	Doncaster Works	1930–39	7600–7681	63 later rebuilt as V3
V2	2-6-2	184	Doncaster Works Darlington Works	1936–44	800–983	Three-cylinder
V3	2-6-2T	10	Doncaster Works	1939-40	7682–7691	+63 rebuilds of V1 – larger boiler development of V1
V4	2-6-2	2	Doncaster Works	1941	1700–1701	Three-cylinder
W1	4-6-4	1	Darlington Works	1929	10000	experimental high pressure locomotive, later rebuilt in "A4" style.

Thompson designs

Class	Wheel arrangement	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	Post 1946 numbers	Notes
A1/1	4-6-2	1		1945	113	Rebuild of Gresley A1 “Great Northern”
A2/2	4-6-2	6		1943	501–506	Rebuilds of Gresley “P2” 2-8-2s
A2/1	4-6-2	4	Darlington Works	1944	507–510	Derived from V2 2-6-2 design.
A2/3	4-6-2	15	Doncaster Works	1946–47	500, 511–524
B1	4-6-0	274	Darlington Works North British Loco. Co. Vulcan Foundry	1942–52	1000–1273	[26]Another 136 (Nos.61274–61409) built by BR
B2	4-6-0	9		1945–49		[27] Rebuilds of Gresley B17 class
K1	2-6-0	1		1945	1997	Rebuild of Gresley K4 class
K5	2-6-0	1		1945	1841	Rebuild of Gresley K3 class
O1	2-8-0	58		1944		Rebuilds of Robinson “O4” class
L1	2-6-4T	1	Darlington Works	1945	7701	Another 99 built by BR 1949–50
Q1	0-8-0T	13		1942–43	9925–9937	Rebuilds of Robinson “Q4” class tender engines

Peppercorn designs

Class	Wheel arrangement	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	Number	Notes
A2	4-6-2	1	Doncaster Works	1947	525	14 more built by BR 1948

Another A1, "Tornado" has been built by subscription among LNER (and other) locomotive enthusiasts, and came into service in 2008. In total it cost £3 million. Again under the chairmanship of Mark Allatt, the team is (2014) now raising funds most successfully to build another Gresley P2 2-8-2 of the "Cock O'the North" Class, to be called "Prince of Wales". Both new steam locomotives are the product of a restored railway works in Darlington.

Other designs

• LNER Class J72 – NER Class E1
• LNER Class J94 – WD Austerity 0-6-0ST
• LNER Class O6 – LMS Stanier Class 8F – 60 loaned to the LNER 1943–47; 68 purchased 1945–46, sold to LMS 1947
• LNER Class O7 – WD Austerity 2-8-0 – 350 loaned to the LNER 1943–47; 200 purchased 1946; 270 loaned to the LNER 1947
• USATC S160 Class – 168 loaned to the LNER 1942–1945
• WD Austerity 2-10-0 – 13 loaned to the LNER 1943–44; 20 loaned 1945–46
• LNER Class Y1 – Sentinel shunter
• LNER Class Y3 – Sentinel shunter
• LNER Class Y10 – Sentinel shunter
• LNER Class Y11 – Simplex 0-4-0 petrol locomotive (later British Rail 15097–15099)

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Post-Nationalisation

British Railways continued to build LNER designs (the B1 and L1 classes in particular) immediately after Nationalisation. Remarkably, it even built a new series of shunting locomotives (J72 class) to a pre-Grouping design (of the North Eastern Railway). However, it was to be the Eastern Region that took the first of BR's new Standard locomotives, 70000 'Britannia', for its Great Eastern Main Line workings to Norwich in 1951.

BR built 396 locomotives to ex-LNER designs. One of these, the J72 Class was a North Eastern Railway design dating from 1898.

Class	Wheel arrangement	Quantity	Manufacturer	Date	Numbers	Notes
Peppercorn A1	4-6-2	49	Doncaster Works (26) Darlington Works (23)	1948-49	60114–162
Peppercorn A2	4-6-2	14	Doncaster Works	1948	60526–539
Thompson B1	4-6-0	136	North British Loco. Co.(106) Gorton Works (10) Darlington Works (20)	1948–52	61273–409	[26]
J72	0-6-0T	28	Darlington Works	1949–51	69001–28	NER Class E1
Thompson/Peppercorn K1	2-6-0	70	North British Loco. Co.	1949–50	62001–70
Thompson L1	2-6-4T	99	Darlington Works (29) North British Loco. Co. (35) R. Stephenson & Hawthorns (35)	1948–50	67702–800

Withdrawal

Withdrawal of ex-LNER locomotives took place throughout the 1960s, with some of the once high-profile 'A4 Class' locomotives ending their lives on heavy freight trains in Scotland; a far cry from the glamorous express workings of the late 1930s.

Preservation

Several of the many LNER locomotives have been preserved.

• Six A4 Pacifics
• One A3 Pacific
• One A2 Peppercorn
• One A1 Peppercorn (new-built with modern safety features for main-line running)
• Two B1s
• One D49
• One D40
• One D26
• One D17/1 (displayed)
• One O4 2-8-0
• One D11 4-4-0
• One C1
• One C2
• One K4
• One K1
• One V2
• One B12
• One J27
• One J21
• One Q6 0-8-0
• One E6
• One E5 Tank
• One E4
• One J36
• One J15
• One J17
• One J72 Tank
• One Q7
• One J69
• One N2 Tank
• One J52 Tank
• One N7 Tank
• One Y9 Tank
• One Y5 Tank
• One X1 (one-off example/displayed)
• Two Y7 Tanks

References

Footnotes

1. Baxter 1988, pp. 214–215.
2. Baxter 1988, p. 249.
3. Baxter 1988, pp. 248–249.
4. Baxter 1988, pp. 247–248.
5. Baxter 1988, p. 169.
6. Baxter 1988, pp. 169–170.
7. Baxter 1988, p. 170.
8. Baxter 1988, pp. 170–171.
9. Vallance 1991, p. 164.
10. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 187–188, 190, 226.
11. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 189–190, 192, 226.
12. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 192–193, 226.
13. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 193–194, 227.
14. Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 195, 226.
15. Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 195, 198, 226.
16. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 197–198, 226.
17. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 199–200, 227.
18. Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 200, 226.
19. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 201–202, 226.
20. Barclay-Harvey 1950, p. 204, 226.
21. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 207, 226.
22. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 208, 227.
23. Barclay-Harvey 1950, pp. 208–209, 226.
24. Goudie 1990, pp. 46, 55, 59, 63–65.
25. Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 94–123.
26. Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 124–157.
27. Boddy et al. 1975, pp. 158–165.

Sources

• Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (March 1975). Fry, E. V., ed. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 2B: Tender Engines—Classes B1 to B19. Lincoln: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-73-8.
• Barclay-Harvey, Malcolm (1950). A History of the Great North of Scotland Railway. Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-2592-9.
• Baxter, Bertram (1986). Baxter, David, ed. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 5A: North Eastern Railway, Hull and Barnsley Railway. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing Company. ISBN 0-903485-54-0.
• Baxter, Bertram (1988). Baxter, David, ed. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, volume 5B: Great Northern Railway and Great Central Railway. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Moorland Publishing. ISBN 0-903485-86-9.
• Baxter, Bertram (2012). Baxter, David; Mitchell, Peter, eds. British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 6: Great Eastern Railway, North British Railway, Great North of Scotland Railway, Midland & Great Northern Joint Railway, remaining companies in the LNER group. Southampton: Kestrel Railway Books. ISBN 978-1-905505-26-5.
• Goudie, Frank (1990). Metropolitan Steam Locomotives. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-118-X.
• Groves, Norman (1992). Great Northern Locomotive History, Volume 3b: 1911–1922 The Gresley Era. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society. ISBN 0-901115-70-3.
• Vallance, H. A. (27 June 1991). Great North of Scotland railway. The History of the Railways of the Scottish Highlands vol 3. David St John Thomas. ISBN 978-0-946537-60-0.

External links

• Locomotives of the LNER