LRRTM1

Leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 1
Identifiers
Symbols	LRRTM1 ; FLJ32082
External IDs	OMIM: 610867 MGI: 2389173 HomoloGene: 41763 GeneCards: LRRTM1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • molecular_function Cellular component • endoplasmic reticulum • cell surface • integral component of membrane • cell junction • axon • growth cone • postsynaptic membrane • excitatory synapse Biological process • negative regulation of receptor internalization • locomotory behavior • biological_process • protein localization to synapse • exploration behavior • synapse organization • positive regulation of synapse assembly • long-term synaptic potentiation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	347730	74342
Ensembl	ENSG00000162951	ENSMUSG00000060780
UniProt	Q86UE6	Q8K377
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_178839	NM_028880
RefSeq (protein)	NP_849161	NP_083156
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 80.29 – 80.3 Mb	Chr 6: 77.24 – 77.26 Mb
PubMed search

LRRTM1 is a brain-expressed imprinted gene that encodes a leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein that interacts with neurexins and neuroligins to modulate synaptic cell adhesion in neurons.^[1][2] As the name implies, its protein product is a transmembrane protein that contains many leucine rich repeats. It is expressed during the development of specific forebrain structures and shows a variable pattern of maternal downregulation (genomic imprinting).^[3][4]

Clinical significance

LRRTM1 is the first gene linked to increased odds of being left-handed, when inherited from the father's side.^[5] Possessing one particular variant of the LRRTM1 gene slightly raises the risk of psychotic mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, again only if inherited from the father's side.^[5] As well, LRRTM1 has been associated with measures of schizotypy in non-clinical populations,^[6] indicating that the gene may have shared effects on neurodevelopment in both healthy and unhealthy individuals and individuals with schizophrenia.

See also

• Handedness

References

1. Siddiqui TJ, Pancaroglu R, Kang Y, Rooyakkers A, Craig AM (Jun 2010). "LRRTMs and neuroligins bind neurexins with a differential code to cooperate in glutamate synapse development". The Journal of Neuroscience 30 (22): 7495–506. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0470-10.2010. PMC 2896269. PMID 20519524.
2. Soler-Llavina GJ, Fuccillo MV, Ko J, Südhof TC, Malenka RC (Oct 2011). "The neurexin ligands, neuroligins and leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins, perform convergent and divergent synaptic functions in vivo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (40): 16502–16509. doi:10.1073/pnas.1114028108. PMID 21953696.
3. "Entrez Gene: leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 1".
4. Laurén J, Airaksinen MS, Saarma M, Timmusk T (April 2003). "A novel gene family encoding leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins differentially expressed in the nervous system". Genomics 81 (4): 411–21. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00030-2. PMID 12676565.
5. Francks C, Maegawa S, Laurén J, Abrahams BS, Velayos-Baeza A, Medland SE, Colella S, Groszer M, McAuley EZ, Caffrey TM, Timmusk T, Pruunsild P, Koppel I, Lind PA, Matsumoto-Itaba N, Nicod J, Xiong L, Joober R, Enard W, Krinsky B, Nanba E, Richardson AJ, Riley BP, Martin NG, Strittmatter SM, Möller HJ, Rujescu D, St Clair D, Muglia P, Roos JL, Fisher SE, Wade-Martins R, Rouleau GA, Stein JF, Karayiorgou M, Geschwind DH, Ragoussis J, Kendler KS, Airaksinen MS, Oshimura M, DeLisi LE, Monaco AP (December 2007). "LRRTM1 on chromosome 2p12 is a maternally suppressed gene that is associated paternally with handedness and schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry 12 (12): 1129–39, 1057. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002053. PMC 2990633. PMID 17667961. Lay summary – BBC News.
6. Leach EL, Prefontaine G, Hurd PL, Crespi BJ (Jun 2014). "The imprinted gene LRRTM1 mediates schizotypy and handedness in a nonclinical population". Journal of Human Genetics 59 (6): 332–336. doi:10.1038/jhg.2014.30. PMID 24785688.

Further reading

• Leach EL, Prefontaine G, Hurd PL, Crespi BJ (Jun 2014). "The imprinted gene LRRTM1 mediates schizotypy and handedness in a nonclinical population". Journal of Human Genetics 59 (6): 332–336. doi:10.1038/jhg.2014.30. PMID 24785688.
• Sousa I, Clark TG, Holt R, Pagnamenta AT, Mulder EJ, Minderaa RB, Bailey AJ, Battaglia A, Klauck SM, Poustka F, Monaco AP (2010). "Polymorphisms in leucine-rich repeat genes are associated with autism spectrum disorder susceptibility in populations of European ancestry.". Mol Autism 1 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/2040-2392-1-7. PMC 2913944. PMID 20678249.
• Crow TJ, Close JP, Dagnall AM, Priddle TH (2009). "Where and what is the right shift factor or cerebral dominance gene? A critique of Francks et al. (2007).". Laterality 14 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1080/13576500802574984. PMID 19125366.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
• Ludwig KU, Mattheisen M, Mühleisen TW, Roeske D, Schmäl C, Breuer R, Schulte-Körne G, Müller-Myhsok B, Nöthen MM, Hoffmann P, Rietschel M, Cichon S (August 2009). "Supporting evidence for LRRTM1 imprinting effects in schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry 14 (8): 743–5. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.28. PMID 19626025.
• McManus C, Nicholls M, Vallortigara G (2009). "Editorial commentary: is LRRTM1 the gene for handedness?". Laterality 14 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1080/13576500802542577. PMID 19125365.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Francks C (2009). "Understanding the genetics of behavioural and psychiatric traits will only be achieved through a realistic assessment of their complexity.". Laterality 14 (1): 11–6. doi:10.1080/13576500802536439. PMID 19125367.