Lake Küçükçekmece

Lake Küçükçekmece
Küçükçekmece Gölü

A view of the lake in winter
Lake Küçükçekmece
Location Küçükçekmece, Istanbul Province
Coordinates 41°00′23″N 28°44′42″E / 41.00639°N 28.74500°E / 41.00639; 28.74500Coordinates: 41°00′23″N 28°44′42″E / 41.00639°N 28.74500°E / 41.00639; 28.74500
Type Lagoon
Primary inflows Nakkaş, Sazlıdere and Eşkinoz
Catchment area 622 km2 (240 sq mi)
Basin countries Turkey
Max. length 10 km (6.2 mi)
Max. width 6 km (3.7 mi)
Surface area 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi)
Max. depth 22 m (72 ft)
Islands no
Settlements Küçükçekmece, Avcılar, Esenyurt

Lake Küçükçekmece (Turkish: Küçükçekmece Gölü) is a lagoon located between the Küçükçekmece, Esenyurt and Avcılar districts of the European portion of Istanbul Province, northwestern Turkey. The lake is neighbored in the south by state road and in the north by the motorway (European route E80).

Location and characteristics

Situated 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Istanbul's city center, the lake was formed in shallow water when a sandbank caused its separation from the Sea of Marmara. A narrow channel in the east interrupts this sandbank, and serves as an outlet emptying excessive water in the lake into the Sea of Marmara. However, in situations where the sea is rough or the lake's water level gets too low due to drought, sea water may penetrate into the lake, causing the lake water to become brackish. The lake is fed from the north by the Nakkaş, Sazlıdere and Eşkinoz streams. The lake has a length of 10 km (6.2 mi) north-south by a maximum width of 6 km (3.7 mi). The lake's surface area is 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi), and its maximum depth is 20 m (66 ft).[1][2]

The lake is significantly polluted due to rapid urbanization and industrialization activities over the last decade in the area around it. Its water is currently not compliant with safe drinking water standards.[2]

Fauna observed in the lake basin consist of pygmy cormorant (microcarbo pygmeus), great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo), and A4iii group waterbirds.[3]

Archaeological site

Within the lake basin, the ancient settlement of Bathonea was unearthed, which is estimated to be approximately 1,600 years old.[4] Such archaeological finds extracted from and around the lake shed light on Istanbul’s historical chronology.[5]

The finds include stone tools indicating early agricultural activities, potsherds dating back to the Neolithic and Iron Age periods (8,000 - 1,000 BC), amphora fragments from the Hellenistic period (fourth century BC), remains of walls along the lake shore, column capitals, and works from the Roman period.[6] 440 small terracotta bottles 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) in size containing tar-like fossilized material also were discovered.[7] Vessel anchors were found in the lake and along the lake shore. In 2011, a 14 m (46 ft)-wide and 7 m (23 ft)-deep cistern was uncovered that might span 120 m (390 ft). It was built with bricks bearing signs of the Emperor Constantine and a notable cleric of the time. In 2012, two underground water tunnels were discovered and subsequently, were surveyed by speleologists. They were built partly during the Roman Period and Late Roman period. Although one water tunnel is connected to the cistern, the other leads to a fountain still in use today. There are access shafts at certain points within the water tunnel.[6] Structures in the ancient settlement, such as a lighthouse, port, and pier point toward the past existence of a port city.

From observations of aerial views, evidence of previous roads arranged in a grid plan was detected.[4] According to the results of excavations and examinations carried out between 2007 and 2009, Bathonea was destroyed by a large-scale earthquake, after which it was abandoned.[8][9]

An anthropological forensic study of a human skull extracted from one of the 70 historic graves in Bathonea, revealed that thousands of years ago, an attempt at brain surgery was made there.[7][10]

Sports

The Uniçek water sports festival

Since 2012, the municipality of Küçükçekmece holds "Uniçek", an annual water sports festival for university students. Some of the events featured in the 2015 festival were rowing, modern dragon boat racing and stillwater canoe sprint, in which around 800 sportspeople from 18 different universities, 7 canoe clubs and 40 corporations competed. In addition, shows of wakeboarding, waterskiing, jet-skiing and paramotoring were held as well.[11]

Since 1999, Galatasaray's rowing division is based in Kanarya neighborhood at Lake Küçükçekmece with its 120 racing boats.[12][13][14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Özçalkap, Songül & Mustafa Temel (2011). "Seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure in Lake Küçükçekmece, İstanbul, Turkey" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Zoology (TÜBİTAK) 35 (5): 689–700. doi:10.3906/zoo-1001-1. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  2. 1 2 Çetin, M. (2009-08-14). "A satellite based assessment of the impact of urban expansion around a lagoon". International Journal of Environment Science and Technology (Bioline International) 6 (4): 579–590. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  3. ↑ "TR004 Küçükçekmece Basin". BirdLife. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  4. 1 2 "Ancient port discovered near shore of Küçükçekmece Lake". Sunday's Zaman. 2009-08-19. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  5. ↑ "Bathonea excavations shed light on Istanbul’s history". Hürriyet Daily News. 2014-11-27. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  6. 1 2 "Batık kentin su kanalları bulundu". Radikal (in Turkish). 2012-12-19. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  7. 1 2 "Thousands-year-old bones come to surface in Istanbul". Hürriyet Daily News. 2014-12-18. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  8. ↑ Bilgili, Sinan (2012-08-27). "Küçükçekmece'de Büyük Kanıt Bulundu". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  9. ↑ "İstanbul tarihi için yeni bir sayfa". Radikal (in Turkish). 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  10. ↑ "Küçükçekmece’deki bin yıllık ameliyat". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 2014-12-14. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  11. ↑ "Küçükçekmece Gölü’nde Su Festivali". Sabah (in Turkish). 2015-05-25. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  12. ↑ "Galatasaray Kürek Tesisleri" (in Turkish). İstanbul Spor Envanteri. Retrieved 2015-07-08.
  13. ↑ "Galatasaray'ın kürek tesisleri için yıkım kararı". Radikal (in Turkish). 2013-02-20. Retrieved 2015-07-08.
  14. ↑ "G.Saray Kürek Kamp Merkezi törenle açıldı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 2014-03-26. Retrieved 2015-07-08.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, July 12, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.