Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I

The three emperors: Kaiser Wilhelm II, Mehmed V, Franz Joseph.

A postcard depicting the leaders of the Central Powers.

The leaders of the Central Powers of World War I were the political or military figures who commanded or supported the Central Powers during World War I.

Austria-Hungary

• Franz Joseph I^[1] − Emperor of Austria-Hungary
• Karl I^[2] − Emperor of Austria-Hungary
• Count Leopold Berchtold^[3] − Austrian Foreign Minister
• István Tisza^[4] − Prime Minister of Hungary
• Archduke Friedrich^[5] − Supreme Commander of the Austro-Hungarian Army
• Conrad von Hötzendorf^[6] − Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff
• Arthur Arz von Straußenburg^[2] − Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff
• Svetozar Boroević^[7] − Austro-Hungarian field marshal regarded as one of the finest defensive strategists of the war.
• Anton Haus^[8] − Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
• Maximilian Njegovan^[9] − Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
• Miklós Horthy^[10] − Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy

German Empire

• Wilhelm II^[11] − German Emperor
• Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg^[12] − Chancellor of the German Empire
• Arthur Zimmermann^[13] − German foreign minister
• Helmuth von Moltke^[14] − Chief of the German General Staff
• Erich von Falkenhayn^[15] − Chief of the German General Staff
• Paul von Hindenburg^[16] − Chief of the German General Staff
• Alfred von Tirpitz^[17] − Admiral in the German Navy
• Reinhard Scheer^[18] − Commander of the Imperial High Seas Fleet
• Erich Ludendorff^[16] − Quartermaster general of the German Army
• Leopold of Bavaria^[19] − Supreme Commander East
• Max Hoffmann^[20] − Chief of Staff in the East
• Wilhelm Souchon^[21] − German Naval Advisor to the Ottoman Empire
• Otto Liman von Sanders^[22] − German Army Advisor to the Ottoman Empire
• Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck^[23] − German Army Commander of East Africa Campaign
• Hermann von François^[24] − German Army General
• Georg von der Marwitz^[25] − Prussian cavalry general in the German armies
• August von Mackensen Field Marshal (Invasion of Romania)

Ottoman Empire

• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk^[26] − Commander of the Second Army
• Mehmed V^[27] − Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
• Said Halim Pasha^[28] − Ottoman Grand Vizier
• Enver Pasha^[29] − Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman Army
• Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf^[30] − Chief of the Ottoman General Staff

• Djemal Pasha^[31] − Commander of the 4th Army in Syria, Minister of the Navy
• Fevzi Çakmak^[32] − Commander of 7th Army in Palestine, II. Caucasian Corps
• Halil Sami Bey - Commander of the Ottoman 9th Division
• Cevat Çobanlı - Commander of the Dardanelles Fortified Area Command
• Nihat Anılmış - Commander of the Dardanelles Fortified Area Command
• Selâhattin Âdil - Commander of the Dardanelles Fortified Area Command
• Fakhri Pasha - Commander of the XII Corps
• Hafiz Hakki Pasha - Commander of the Third Army
• Ahmed Izzet Pasha - Commander of the Second Army and Third Army
• Nureddin Pasha - Commander of the Iraq Area Command
• Osman Fuad - Commander of the Africa Groups Command
• Ahmet Fevzi Big - Commander of the IX Corps and XV Corps
• Faik Pasha - Commander of the II Corps
• Talaat Pasha - Ottoman Grand Vizier, Minister of Finance, Minister of Interior

Jabal Shammar

• Saud bin Abdulaziz^[33] − Amir of Jabal Shammar

Sultanate of Darfur

• Ali Dinar^[34] − Sultan of Darfur
• Ramadan Ali

Bulgaria

• Ferdinand I^[35] − Tsar of Bulgaria
• Vasil Radoslavov^[36] − Prime Minister of Bulgaria
• Nikola Zhekov^[37] − Commander-in-Chief of the Bulgarian Army
• Georgi Todorov − commander of the 2nd Army, deputy Commander-in-Chief
• Konstantin Zhostov − Chief of the Bulgarian General Staff
• Vladimir Vazov − Bulgarian Lieutenant General

See also

• Allied leaders of World War I

References

• Hart, Peter (2013). The Great War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199976270.

1. Hart 2013, p. 9
2. Hart 2013, p. 299
3. "Leopold, count von Berchtold". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
4. "István, Count Tisza". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
5. Jewison, Glenn; Steiner, Jörg C. "Erzherzog Friedrich". Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
6. Hart 2013, p. 15
7. Jewison, Glenn; Steiner, Jörg C. "Svetozar Boroević von Bojna". Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
8. Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009). "Who's Who - Anton Haus". First World War.com. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
9. Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009). "Who's Who - Maximilian Njegovan". First World War.com. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
10. "Miklós Horthy". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
11. Hart 2013, p. 2
12. Hart 2013, p. 26
13. Hart 2013, p. 308
14. Hart 2013, p. 14
15. Hart 2013, p. 67
16. Hart 2013, p. 231
17. Hart 2013, p. 95
18. Hart 2013, p. 250
19. Hart 2013, p. 248
20. Hart 2013, p. 85
21. Hart 2013, p. 167
22. Hart 2013, p. 170
23. Ashby, Timothy (23 July 2012). "The German General Who Told Hitler to Go Screw Himself". Retrieved 29 January 2015.
24. Royde-Smith, John Graham (11 January 2015). "World War I". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
25. Hart 2013, p. 374
26. Hart 2013, p. 171
27. Hart 2013, p. 168
28. "Said Halim Paşa". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
29. "Enver Paşa". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
30. Hindley, Meredith (14 April 1997). "Review of: Dadrian, Vahakn N.: German Responsibility in the Armenian Genocide. A Review of the Historical Evidence of German Complicity. Watertown 1996". H-Soz-Kult. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
31. Manoukian, Jennifer (16 April 2014). "An Encounter with Djemal Pasha". The Armenian Weekly. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
32. "Fevzi Çakmak". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
33. Glubb, John Bagot (1 April 2014). "Ibn Sa'ud". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
34. McGregor, Andrew (9 June 2006). "Subverting the Sultan". Military History Online. MilitaryHistoryOnline.com, LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
35. "Ferdinand". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
36. "Bulgaria". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
37. Duffy, Michael (22 September 2009). "Who's Who - Nikola Zhekov". First World War.com. Retrieved 30 January 2015.