Lei Yixin

Lei Yixin
Chinese: 雷宜锌

Lei Yixin standing in front of his sculpture "Stone of Hope" at the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial
Born 1954
Changsha, Hunan, China
Occupation Sculptor
Known for Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial

Lei Yixin (born 1954) is a prominent Chinese sculptor.

Childhood and education

Lei was born to a family of scholars in Changsha, Hunan, China.

Lei was one of millions of "bourgeois educated youth" sent to the countryside during the Cultural Revolution. As a way to develop a skill other than farming during the seven years he spent toiling in the fields, Lei started drawing. His diary became his scrapbook, with a few lines of comments of his drawings. When Lei applied to college, he submitted the diary as his portfolio.

Lei was among the first class of students after the Cultural Revolution to be able to go to art school in 1978; he graduated in 1982.[1]

Career

He first found work in a publishing company as a draughtsman, but was spotted by a local government official, who asked and encouraged him to build monuments.

Lei won top prizes in national competitions three consecutive years, and was recognized as a master sculptor, which came with a lifetime stipend from the Chinese government. He has sculpted some 150 public monuments, including statues of Mao Zedong. Some of his works are in China's National Art Gallery collection.[2] Lei came to the attention of the American public when he was named artist-of-record and commissioned to sculpt the centerpiece for the proposed monument to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.[3] The announcement of Lei spurred an international protest spearheaded by Gilbert Young and Lea-Winfrey Young, co-founders of the organization King Is Ours, a multi-racial and multi-cultural organization formed to protest the decisions made by the King Memorial Project Foundation which included choosing Lei without due process. According to Agence France-Presse, it was only by chance that memorial organizers found Lei when they visited an international granite-carving festival in the American state of Minnesota.[4] Lei was "discovered" under a tree, taking a nap after he was pointed out to the King Memorial Project Foundation committee with the words, "you should talk to that guy over there," pointing to Lei.[5]

The 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) tall sculpture at the International Stone Sculpture Conference drew attention to his work,[6] yet Lei has revealed that the sculpture he created at the conference was the first he had ever carved on his own.[7] Ed Jackson, the executive architect at the foundation of MLK Foundation was immediately impressed by Lei's sculpture "Contemplation"[8] at the Minnesota Rocks! Symposium in June 2006 Mike Xiong,[9] and in 2007, Lei was named head sculptor for the "Stone of Hope", at the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial.[10]

In April 2008 the U.S. Commission of Fine Art rejected Lei's design for the King Memorial Sculpture. In a letter dated 28 April, the commission wrote that Lei's presentation was an inappropriate expression of Dr. King, declaring King too "confrontational" in Lei's sculpture, and asking for a more "sympathetic" King.[11] Some changes were made to Lei's design and construction began. There were other controversies on the project which did not involve Lei but were often connected to him, over the Chinese sourcing of granite for his sculpture and the choice of Chinese artisans who were employed to carve the stone, both of which were the decision of lead architect Ed Jackson. In addition, mistakes by the architects on the project forced Lei to make last-minute changes, such as replacing a pen in the hand of King with a scroll, when a photo the architects had used as a model turned out to be reversed. Most controversially, the "drum major" quote by King was shortened for inclusion on Lei's sculpture; this occurred when the team of architects wanted Lei to reverse the placement of two planned quotes, after he had already been instructed to carve out space for them, and having done as instructed previously, there was not enough space for the quote in a new position unless it was shortened. Jackson made the decision to cut the quote down to size. Later criticism by poet Maya Angelou, The Washington Post and others caused a reassessment of that decision, although the quote remains shortened, as of October 2011.

The completed work, a 30 feet (9.1 m) tall statue, was unveiled in August 2011 to mark the 48th anniversary of King's I Have a Dream speech.[12] Due to Hurricane Irene, the official dedication was postponed until October 2011. Reviews of the finished sculpture were mixed. Some reviewers criticized the King statue on the basis of Lei's earlier work making representations of Mao Zedong, of whom they disapproved, including one statement by The Economist that "Mr Lei is a political bullshit artist, and it shows."[13] Other reviews focused on the way Lei depicted King in particular. The stoic, unsmiling pose of King in Lei's sculpture has been criticized by some since the initial rejection of Lei's design, due to perceived severe divergence from a popular media image of King as a unifying, hopeful leader and peace campaigner. However, other critics praised Lei's more risky depiction. African Americans in particular noted the avoidance of mythology in the "confrontational" expression of King, suggesting Lei showed King facing the challenges of the present rather than dwelling in nostalgia.[14] Lei said, "you can see the hope, but his serious demeanor also indicated that he's thinking."[15]

References

  1. ↑ Ariana Eunjung Cha, "A King Statue 'Made in China'?", The Washington Post, 14 August 2007
  2. ↑ Liu Enming, Master sculptor selected for Martin Luther King, Jr memorial", WWEnglish.com, 27 February 2007
  3. ↑ AFP, REUTERS "Mao sculptor to chisel Martin Lither King", The Standard, 17 February 2007
  4. ↑ Agence France-Presse, 4 March 2007 "Made in China Statue of US Icon King to Stand Tall in Washington", Taipei Times, 12 April 2007
  5. ↑ Ben Evans, Agence France-Presse, "Race row hits memorial for Martin Luther King", Independent on Sunday, 26 August 2007
  6. ↑ Chinese artist to sculpt statue of Martin Luther King, News Guangdong, 16 August 2006
  7. ↑ Todd Messelt, Symposium Showcases Diversity of Minnesota Stone at the Wayback Machine (archived 17 February 2007), Building Stone, Winter 2006
  8. ↑ Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Project commissions Minnesota Rocks! artist Lei Yixin
  9. ↑ "MLK committee decides Chinese master sculptor is the right artist for the job", China Insight, 17 July 2007
  10. ↑ Chinese master sculptor to produce MLK memorial carving, CNN, 15 February 2007
  11. ↑ Federal Panel Rejects Design for King Memorial Sculpture, Kevin Chappell, Jet Magazine, 16 June 2008
  12. ↑ "US memorial to Martin Luther King unveiled". Pakistan Times 24 August 2011
  13. ↑ A blockheaded memorial The Economist "Democracy in America" blog 30 August 2011
  14. ↑ http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/king-memorial-one-expression-many-interpretations/2011/08/21/gIQAgHW9UJ_story.html
  15. ↑ http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/38428/meet-lei-yixin-the-chinese-artist-behind-dcs-new-martin-luther-king-monument/
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