Lenin Peace Prize
The International Lenin Peace Prize (Russian: международная Ленинская премия мира) was the Soviet Union's award named in honor of Vladimir Lenin. It was awarded by a panel appointed by the Soviet government, to notable individuals whom the panel indicated had "strengthened peace among comrades". It was founded as the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples, but was renamed the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples (Russian: Международная Ленинская премия «За укрепление мира между народами») as a result of destalinization. Unlike the Nobel Prize, the Lenin Peace Prize was usually awarded to several people a year rather than to just one individual. The prize was mainly awarded to prominent Communists and supporters of the Soviet Union who were not Soviet citizens. Notable recipients include: W. E. B. Du Bois, Fidel Castro, Salvador Allende, Sean MacBride, Angela Davis, Pablo Picasso, Oscar Niemeyer and Nelson Mandela.
History
The prize was created as the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples on December 21, 1949 by executive order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in honor of Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday (although this was after his seventy-first).
Following Nikita Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin in 1956 during the Twentieth Party Congress, the prize was renamed on September 6 as the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples. All previous recipients were asked to return their Stalin Prizes so they could be replaced by the renamed Lenin Prize. By a decision of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 11, 1989, the prize was renamed the International Lenin Peace Prize.[1] Two years later, after the USSR had collapsed, the Russian government, as the successor state to the defunct Soviet Union, ended the award program.
The International Lenin Prize should not be confused with the International Peace Prize, awarded by the World Peace Council. In 1941 the Soviet Union created the Stalin Prize (later renamed the USSR State Prize), which was awarded annually to accomplished Soviet writers, composers, artists and scientists.
Stalin Prize recipients
1950
Awarded April 6, 1951 – Seven winners
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie[2][3]
- Soong Ching-ling (Madame Sun Yat-sen)[2][3]
- Hewlett Johnson[2][3]
- Eugénie Cotton[2][3]
- Arthur Wheelock Moulton[2][3]-Declined
- Pak Chong Ae[2][3]
- Heriberto Jara Corona[2][3]
1951
Awarded December 20, 1951 -Six winners
- Guo Moruo[4][5]
- Monica Felton[5][6]
- Oyama Ikuo[5][6]
- Pietro Nenni[5][6]
- Anna Seghers[5][6]
- Jorge Amado[5][6][7]
1952
Awarded December 20, 1952 – Seven winners
- Johannes Becher[6][8]
- Eliza Branco[6][8]
- Ilya Ehrenburg[6][8]
- Rev. James Gareth Endicott[6][8]
- Yves Farge[6][8]
- Saifuddin Kitchlew[6][8]
- Paul Robeson[6][8]
1953
Awarded December 12, 1953 – Ten winners
- Andrea Andreen[6][9]
- John Desmond Bernal[4][9]
- Isabelle Blume[6][9]
- Howard Fast[6][9]
- Andrew Gaggiero[6][9]
- Leon Kruczkowski[6][9]
- Pablo Neruda[6][7][9]
- Nina Vasilevna Popova[6][9]
- Sir Sahib Singh Sokhey[6][9]
- Pierre Cot[9]
1954
Awarded December 18, 1954 – Nine winners
- Alain Le Léap[10]
- Baldomero Sanín Cano[7][10]
- Prijono[10]
- Bertolt Brecht[10][11]
- André Bonnard[10][11]
- Thakin Kodaw Hmaing[10][11]
- Felix Iversen[10][11]
- Nicolás Guillén[7][10][12]
- Denis Nowell Pritt[10][13]
1955
Awarded December 9, 1955 – Six Winners
- Lázaro Cárdenas[14][15]
- Muhammad al-Ashmar[14][15]
- Karl Joseph Wirth[14][15]
- Tôn Đức Thắng[14][15]
- Akiko Seki[14][15]
- Ragnar Forbech[14][15]
Lenin Prize recipients
1957
- Louis Aragon (1957)[13]
- Emmanuel d'Astier (1957)[13]
- Heinrich Brandweiner (b. 1910) (1957)[13]
- Danilo Dolci (b. 1924) (1957)[13][16]
- María Rosa Oliver (b. 1898) (1957)[7][13]
- Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1957)[13]
- Udakandawala Saranankara Thero (b. 1902) (1957)[13]
- Nikolay Semenovich Tikhonov (1957)[13]
1958
- Josef Lukl Hromádka (1958)[4][17]
- Artur Lundkvist (1958)[4][18]
- Louis Saillant (1958)[4]
- Kaoru Yasui (1958)[4][19]
- Arnold Zweig (1958)[4][20]
1959
Awarded April 30, 1959
- Otto Buchwitz (1959)[21][22]
- W. E. B. Du Bois (1959)[21][22]
- Nikita Khrushchev (1959)[21][22]
- Ivor Montagu (1959)[21][22]
- Kostas Varnalis (1959)[21][22]
1960
Awarded May 3, 1960
- Laurent Casanova (1960)[23][24]
- Cyrus Eaton (1960)[23][24]
- Sukarno (1960)[23][24]
- Aziz Sharif (1960)[24][25]
- Alexander Korneychuk (1960)
1961
Awarded April 30, 1961
- Fidel Castro (1961)[26][27]
- Ostap Dłuski (b. 1892 in Buczacz) (1961)[26][27]
- William Morrow (b. 1888) (1961)[26][27]
- Rameshwari Nehru (b. 1886) (1961)[26][27]
- Mihail Sadoveanu (1961)[26][27]
- Antoine Tabet (1961)[26][27]
- Ahmed Sékou Touré (1961)[26][27]
1962
Awarded April 30, 1962
- Konstantin Simun (1962)[26]
- István Dobi (1962)[28][29][30]
- Olga Poblete de Espinosa (1962)[28][30]
- Faiz Ahmed Faiz (1962)[28][29][30]
- Kwame Nkrumah (1962)[28][29][30][31]
- Pablo Picasso (1962)[28][29][30]
1963
Awarded May 1, 1963 – Four Awarded
- Modibo Keita (1963)[31][32][33]
- Oscar Niemeyer (1963)[33][34]
- Georgi Traikov (1962)[33][35]
- Manolis Glezos (1962)[33][34]
1964
Awarded May 1, 1964 – Three awarded
- Ben Bella[36]
- Dolores Ibárruri (1964)[12][36]
- Herluf Bidstrup[36]
- Rafael Alberti (1964)[37]
- Kaoru Ota (1964)[37]
1965
- Mirjam Vire-Tuominen (1965)[38]
- Peter Ayodele Curtis Joseph (1965)[31][38]
- Jamsrangiin Sambuu (1965)[38]
Presented August 14, 1965
- Aruna Asaf Ali (1964)[37][39]
1966
- Miguel Ángel Asturias (1965)[7][38][40]
- Giacomo Manzù (1965)[38][41]
Awarded May 1, 1967 – Six awards
- Herbert Warnke (1966)[42][43]
- Rockwell Kent (1966)[42][43]
- Ivan Málek (1966)[42][43]
- Martin Niemöller (1966)[42][43]
- David Alfaro Siqueiros (1966)[42][43]
- Bram Fischer (1966)[42][43]
1967
- Joris Ivens (1967)[44]
- Nguyễn Thị Định (1967)[44]
- Jorge Zalamea (1967)[7][44]
- Romesh Chandra (1967)[44]
- Endre Sík (1967)[44]
- Jean Effel (1967)[44]
1968–1969
Awarded April 16, 1970 – Seven awards
- Akira Iwai (b. 1922) (1968–69)[11]
- Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (1968–69)[11]
- Khaled Mohieddin (1968–69)[11]
- Linus Pauling (1968–69)[11][45]
- Shafie Ahmed el Sheikh (b. 1924 – d. 1971) (1968–69)[11][31]
- Bertil Svahnström (b. 1907 – d. 1972) (1968–69)[11]
- Ludvík Svoboda (1968–69)[11][45]
1970–1971
(No awards given in 1971 [46])
- Hikmat Abu Zayd (1970–71)[47]
- Eric Henry Stoneley Burhop (1970–71)[48][49]
- Ernst Busch (1970–71)[48]
- Tsola Dragoycheva (1970–71)[48]
- Renato Guttuso (1970–71)[48][50]
- Kamal Jumblatt (1970–71)[48][51]
- Alfredo Varela (1970–71)[7][48]
- Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (1970–71)[52][53]
1972
Awarded May 1, 1973 – Four awards
- James Aldridge (1972)[54][55]
- Salvador Allende (1972)[54][55]
- Leonid Brezhnev (1972)[54][55]
- Enrique Pastorino (1972)[54][55]
1973–1974
- Luis Corvalán (1973–74)[56]
- Raymond Goor (1973–74)[56]
- Jeanne-Martin Cissé (1973–74)[56]
- Sam Nujoma[31]
1975–1976
Awarded May 1977 – Seven Awards
- Hortensia Bussi de Allende (1975–76)[57][58]
- János Kádár (1975–76)[57][58]
- Seán MacBride (1975–76)[57][58]
- Samora Machel (1975–76)[31][57][58]
- Agostinho Neto (1975–76)[31][57][58]
- Pierre Pouyade (1975–76)[57][58]
- Yannis Ritsos (1975–76)[57][58]
1977–1978
Awarded May 1, 1979 – Six Awards
- Kurt Bachmann (1977–78)[59][60]
- Freda Yetta Brown (1977–78)[59][60]
- Angela Davis (1977–78)[59][60]
- Vilma Espín Guillois (1977–78)[59][60]
- Kumara Padma Sivasankara Menon (1977–78)[59][60]
- Halina Skibniewska (1977–78)[59][60]
1979
Awarded April 30, 1980 – Five Awardees
- Hervé Bazin (1979)[61][62]
- Lê Duẩn (1979)[61][62]
- Urho Kekkonen (1979)[61][62][63][64]
- Abd al-Rahman al-Hamisi (1979)[61][62]
- Miguel Otero Silva (1979)[61][62]
1980–1982
Awarded May 1983 – 4 awards
- Mahmoud Darwish (1980–82)[65][66]
- John Morgan (1980–82)[65][66]
- Líber Seregni (1980–82)[65][66]
- Mikis Theodorakis (1980–82)[65][66]
1983–1984
Awarded May 1, 1985 – Six Awards
- Indira Gandhi (1983–84)[67][68][69]
- Jean-Marie Legay (1983–84)[67][68][69]
- Eva Palmer (1983–84)[67][68][69]
- Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1983–84)[67][68][69]
- Luis Vidales (1983–84)[67][68][69]
- Josef Weber (1983–84)[67][68][69]
- Charilaos Florakis (1983–84)
1985–1986
- Miguel d'Escoto (1985–86)[70][71]
- Dorothy Hodgkin (1985–86)[70]
- Herbert Mies (1985–86)[70]
- Julius Nyerere (1985–86)[70][72]
- Petr Tanchev (1985–86)[70]
1987
- Evan Litwack (1986–87)
1988
- Abdul Sattar Edhi (1988)[73]
1989
- Álvaro Cunhal (1989)
1990
- Nelson Mandela1 (1990)[31][74][75]
1. Mandela was awarded the International Lenin Peace Prize in 1990 but, due to his trial and imprisonment in South Africa, was unable to accept the prize until 2002.
See also
References
- ↑ "ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕЗИДИУМА ВС СССР ОТ 11.12.1989 N 905-1 О МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ЛЕНИНСКОЙ ПРЕМИИ МИРА" (in Russian). 2006-10-12.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 О присуждении международных Сталинских премий "За укрепление мира между народами" за 1950 год. Pravda. Apr 6, 1951
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Deseret News – Apr 7, 1951
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1959.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Miami News – Dec 21, 1951
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Great Soviet Encyclopedia. (in Russian) (2nd ed.). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1953. vol. 24, p. 366.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 El Tiempo – Jun 10, 1980
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Eugene Register-Guard – Dec 22, 1952
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Reading Eagle – Dec 21, 1953
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 St. Petersburg Times – Dec 21, 1954
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Great Soviet Encyclopedia. (in Russian) (3rd ed.). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. In some cases in GSE's 3rd edition the year is that, "in which" the Prize was awarded, in other cases – "for which". Hence, the year "1970" there seems to be the Prize "for 1969" or "for 1968–1969"
- 1 2 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1989.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1958.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 О присуждении международных Сталинских премий "За укрепление мира между народами" за 1955 год. Pravda. Dec 21, 1955, page 1
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Toledo Blade – Dec 21, 1955
- ↑ The Telegraph – Apr 8, 1965
- ↑ Toledo Blade – Dec 29, 1969
- ↑ Eugene Register-Guard – Oct 8, 1983
- ↑ Reading Eagle – Apr 11, 1965
- ↑ Vochenblatt – Nov 27, 1958
- 1 2 3 4 5 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1960.
- 1 2 3 4 5 The Deseret News – May 1, 1959
- 1 2 3 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1961.
- 1 2 3 4 The Spokesman-Review – May 4, 1960
- ↑ Yitzhak Oron, ed. (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1962.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schenectady Gazette – May 1, 1961
- 1 2 3 4 5 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1963.
- 1 2 3 4 The Milwaukee Journal – Apr 30, 1962
- 1 2 3 4 5 Daytona Beach Morning Journal – May 1, 1962
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Meddlesome Medals?
- ↑ "Modibo Keita." Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.
- 1 2 3 4 Toledo Blade – Apr 30, 1963
- 1 2 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1964.
- ↑ Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1965.
- 1 2 3 Toledo Blade – Apr 30, 1964
- 1 2 3 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1966.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1967. p. 623.
- ↑ The Sumter Daily Item – Aug 14, 1965
- ↑ The Milwaukee Journal – Jun 10, 1974
- ↑ Lodi News-Sentinel – Jan 19, 1991
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1968. p. 622.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Miami News – May 1, 1967
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1969. p. 607.
- 1 2 Toledo Blade – Jun 17, 1970
- ↑ The Deseret News – Apr 14, 1971
- ↑ Shukri, Sabin M. (1984). The International Who's Who of the Arab World (2nd ed.). London: International Who's Who of the Arab World. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-9506122-1-8.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1972. p. 618.
- ↑ Toledo Blade – Jan 23, 1980
- ↑ The Palm Beach Post – Jan 19, 1987
- ↑ Lewiston Evening Journal – Mar 16, 1977
- ↑ Ian Sansom (11 December 2010). "Great Dynasties: The Ransome-Kutis". The Guardian. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
- ↑ Johnson-Odim, Cheryl (January–February 2009). "‘For their freedoms’: The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria". Women's Studies International Forum, special issue: Circling the Globe: International Feminism Reconsidered, 1910 to 1975 (ScienceDirect) 32 (1): 58. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.004. Pdf.
- 1 2 3 4 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1973. p. 634.
- 1 2 3 4 The Milwaukee Journal – May 1, 1973
- 1 2 3 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1975. p. 653.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1977. p. 633.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lakeland Ledger – May 2, 1977
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1979. p. 573.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Spokesman-Review – May 1, 1979
- 1 2 3 4 5 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1980. p. 577.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Toledo Blade – Apr 30, 1980
- ↑ The Evening Independent, October 27, 1981
- ↑ Star-News – Nov 14, 1980
- 1 2 3 4 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1983.
- 1 2 3 4 Reading Eagle – May 4, 1983
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1985. p. 571.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 El Tiempo – May 1, 1985
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 LENIN PEACE PRIZE AWARDED TO INDIRA GANDHI
- 1 2 3 4 5 Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1987. p. 599.
- ↑ Herald-Journal – Jan 15, 1988
- ↑ The Telegraph – Sep 9, 1987
- ↑ Daily Times, January 30th 2008
- ↑ The Great Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1991. vol. 1, p. 759.
- ↑ MANDELA FINALLY PICKS UP PRIZE
External links
- Thoughts on winning the Stalin Peace Prize by Paul Robeson
- On Receiving the Stalin Peace Award by Howard Fast
- Soviet Prize Medals pictures of the medals and accompanying certificates
- (Russian) PDF-version of issue of Pravda with ukaz about creation of prize.
