Lentigo

Lentigo
A mild form of lentigo simplex
Classification and external resources
Specialty	dermatology
ICD-10	L81.4
ICD-9-CM	709.09
DiseasesDB	34325
eMedicine	derm/221
Patient UK	Lentigo
MeSH	D007911

A lentigo (/lɛnˈtaɪɡoʊ/) (plural lentigines, /lɛnˈtɪdʒᵻniz/) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin. It is a harmless (benign) hyperplasia of melanocytes which is linear in its spread. This means the hyperplasia of melanocytes is restricted to the cell layer directly above the basement membrane of the epidermis where melanocytes normally reside. This is in contrast to the "nests" of multi-layer melanocytes found in moles (melanocytic nevi). Because of this characteristic feature, the adjective "lentiginous" is used to describe other skin lesions that similarly proliferate linearly within the basal cell layer.^[1]^[2]

Lentigines are distinguished from freckles (ephelis) based on the proliferation of melanocytes. Freckles have a relatively normal number of melanocytes but an increased amount of melanin. A lentigo has an increased number of melanocytes. Freckles will increase in number and darkness with sunlight exposure, whereas lentigines will stay stable in their color regardless of sunlight exposure.^[2]

Conditions characterized by lentigines include:^[3]^:686–687

References

↑ Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Random House, Inc. 2001. Page 1101. ISBN 0-375-72026-X.
1 2 Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease Elsevier. 2005. Page 1232. ISBN 0-8089-2302-1 .
↑ William D. James, Timothy G. Berger; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.

Clinical and histological nomenclature for skin lesions

Macroscopic

Primary lesions	flat Macule Patch elevated Papule Nodule Plaque fluid Vesicle Bulla Pustule Ulcer Erosion Telangiectasia Special initial lesions : Burrow Tunnel Comedo Scutulum Target lesion Herald patch Wheal

Secondary lesions	Scale Crust Lichenification Excoriation Induration Atrophy

Microscopic

Pigmentation disorders/Dyschromia (L80–L81, 709.0)

Hypo-/
leucism

Loss of melanocytes

vitiligo:	Quadrichrome vitiligo Vitiligo ponctué

syndromic	Alezzandrini syndrome Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome

melanocyte development:	Piebaldism Waardenburg syndrome Tietz syndrome

Loss of melanin/
amelanism

albinism:	Oculocutaneous albinism Ocular albinism

melanosome transfer:	Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome Chédiak–Higashi syndrome Griscelli syndrome Elejalde syndrome Griscelli syndrome type 2 Griscelli syndrome type 3

other:	Cross syndrome ABCD syndrome Albinism–deafness syndrome Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis Phylloid hypomelanosis Progressive macular hypomelanosis

Leukoderma w/o
hypomelanosis

Ungrouped

Hyper-

Melanin/
Melanosis/
Melanism

Reticulated	Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis Pigmentatio reticularis faciei et colli Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura Reticular pigmented anomaly of the flexures Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome Dyskeratosis congenita X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder Galli–Galli disease Revesz syndrome

Diffuse/ circumscribed	Lentigo/Lentiginosis: Lentigo simplex Liver spot Centrofacial lentiginosis Generalized lentiginosis Inherited patterned lentiginosis in black persons Ink spot lentigo Lentigo maligna Mucosal lentigines Partial unilateral lentiginosis PUVA lentigines Melasma Erythema dyschromicum perstans Lichen planus pigmentosus Café au lait spot Poikiloderma (Poikiloderma of Civatte Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans) Riehl melanosis

Linear	Incontinentia pigmenti Scratch dermatitis Shiitake mushroom dermatitis

Other/ungrouped	Acanthosis nigricans Freckle Familial progressive hyperpigmentation Pallister–Killian syndrome Periorbital hyperpigmentation Photoleukomelanodermatitis of Kobori Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

Other
pigments

iron:	Hemochromatosis Iron metallic discoloration Pigmented purpuric dermatosis Schamberg disease Majocchi's disease Gougerot–Blum syndrome Doucas and Kapetanakis pigmented purpura/Eczematid-like purpura of Doucas and Kapetanakis Lichen aureus Angioma serpiginosum Hemosiderin hyperpigmentation

other metals:	Argyria Chrysiasis Arsenic poisoning Lead poisoning Titanium metallic discoloration

other:	Carotenosis Tattoo Tar melanosis

Dyschromatoses

Tumors: Skin neoplasm, Nevi and melanomas (C43/D22, 172/216, ICD-O 8720-8799)

Melanoma

Nevus/
melanocytic nevus

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Lentigo

See also

References