Lesser false vampire bat

Lesser false vampire bat
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Megadermatidae
Genus: Megaderma
Species: M. spasma
Binomial name
Megaderma spasma
(Linnaeus, 1758)[2]
Lesser false vampire bat range

The lesser false vampire bat (Megaderma spasma) is a bat found in South Asia and Southeast Asia from Sri Lanka and India in the west to Indonesia and the Philippines in the east. They live in caves and tree hollows. They are insectivorous.

The lesser false vampire bat has a wingspan of up to 30 centimetres (12 in) and have a head-and-body length of around 10 centimetres (3.9 in). Their forearms are normally around 7 centimetres (2.8 in).

The lesser false vampire bat has yellowish veins through the wing, and when the wings are spread with light behind, they are given a prominent yellow/orange tinge. Their body colour ranges from grey-brown to blue-brown. Lesser false vampire bats live in rock crevices, caves, foliage and hollow trees, depending on availability, as well as hanging and sleeping on trees in general.

Megaderma spasma is from the order Chiroptera and family Megadermatidae which comprises four genera and five species.[3][4] M. spasma also known as lesser false vampire.[5][6][7] Its type locality was in Indonesia, Molucca Islands and Ternate.[7] There are two specimens of M. spasma[8] collected in Sarawak Museum Unimas, one from Niah and another one from batu 16, Ulu Gombak. M. spasma was distributed in India to Indochina and Malay Peninsula, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi and other Indonesian islands.[5][6][7] In Borneo, it can found in Sepilok, Darvel Bay area in Sabah, Niah and Kuching in Sarawak, upper S. Kapuas in West and upper S. Tengah in South Kalimantan.[6] It is most closely related to the greater false vampire bat, which is the only other species in the genus Megaderma.

M. spasma has fur pale grey to grey-brown in colour.[6] Its noseleaf has long dorsal lobe with stiffened central ridge and broad convex flaps on the sides. Its ears are very large, joined at the base and it has no visible tail. Its echolocation pulses are short, low in density and broadband and its large ears are sensitive to echoes returning from their pulses and also sensitive to the sounds that prey generates.[4] M. spasma usually roosts in groups in caves, pits, building, and hollow trees.[5][6] M. spasma favours grasshoppers and moths[5] but sometimes they eat small vertebrates including other bats.[6] They have well developed, forward-pointing eyes and can locate prey visually.[4]

M. spasma usually roosts in a group of 3–30 individuals.[9] Their ecological importance may be both positive and negative to humans. They eat some insects which harm human crops, but they may carry and transmit certain diseases.[3]

The bat is known as කන් දිගු බොරු ලේ වවුලා (kan-digu boru le wawula - meaning "long eared false vampire bat") in Sinhala.

References

  1. ↑ Csorba, G., Bumrungsri, S., Helgen, K., Francis, C., Bates, P., Gumal, M., Kingston, T., Heaney, L., Balete, D., Esselstyn, J., Molur, S. & Srinivasulu, C. (2008). "Megaderma spasma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 3.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved November 2012.
  2. ↑ Linnæus, Carl (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (in Latin) (10 ed.). Holmiæ: Laurentius Salvius. p. 32. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  3. 1 2 Feldhamer, G. A.; Drickamer, L. C.; Vessey, S. H.; Merritt, J. F. (1999). Mammalogy : Adaptation, Diversity and Ecology. McGraw-Hill. pp. 206–224.
  4. 1 2 3 Altringham, John D.; Tom McOwat (1996). Bats: Biology and Behaviour. Oxford University Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 9780198503224.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Nowak, R. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol 1 (6th ed.). Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 326–327.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Payne, J.; Francis, C. M.; Phillipps, K. (1985). Mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society with World Wildlife Fund Malaysia. p. 185.
  7. 1 2 3 Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (1993). Mammal Species of the World (2nd ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 163.
  8. ↑ Kooi, K. M. (1995). Catalogue of mammal skins in the Sarawak Museum, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS): Institute of Biodiversity and environmental conservation (IBEC). p. 27.
  9. ↑ Ellis, E. (1999). "Megaderma spasma". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
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