List of Arakanese monarchs
The following is a list of monarchs of Arakan. The dates before the Mrauk-U period (1429–1785) are unattested.
Mythological
First Danyawaddy (2666–825 BCE)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Mara Yu |
2666–2604 |
|
|
| Mara Zi I |
2604–2572 |
son |
|
| Mara Onlin |
2572–2519 |
son |
|
| Mara Rwaylin |
2519–2471 |
son |
|
| Mara Bin |
2471–2416 |
son |
|
| Mara Zi II |
2416–2383 |
son |
|
| Mara Kin |
2383–2351 |
son |
|
| Nga Sha Po |
2351–2330 |
|
usurper |
| Dwara Sanda |
2330–2290 |
|
son of Mara Kin |
| Thola Sanda |
2290–2257 |
son |
|
| Sanda Thuriya Sanda |
2257–2220 |
son |
|
| Kala Sanda |
2220–2180 |
son |
|
| Ti Sanda |
2180–2149 |
son |
|
| Madhutha Sanda |
2149–2129 |
son |
|
| Zeya Sanda |
2129–2089 |
nephew |
|
| Mokkha Sanda |
2089–2063 |
son |
|
| Gunna Sanda |
2063–2051 |
son |
|
| Three Nobles |
2051–2050 |
|
usurpers; reigned 7 days, 3 months, and 8 months successively |
| Kan Raza I |
2050–2009 |
|
grandson of Gunna Sanda |
| Kan Raza II |
2009–1973 |
brother |
|
| Athurinda Thuriya |
1973–1938 |
uncle |
|
| Tharameta |
1938–1880 |
son |
|
| Thuriya |
1880–1849 |
son |
|
| Min Thi |
1849–1827 |
brother |
|
| Min Ba |
1827–1805 |
son |
|
| Si Aung |
1805–1777 |
son |
|
| Tataingthin |
1777–1746 |
brother |
|
| Kyaw-Khaung Win |
1746–1715 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Nandameit |
1715–1694 |
son |
|
| Athu Yindabaya |
1694–1663 |
son |
|
| Letya Sithugyi |
1663–1631 |
son |
|
| Thihaka |
1631–1588 |
son |
|
| Min Bun Than |
1588–1557 |
son |
|
| Thayet Hmwe |
1557–1508 |
son |
|
| Zeya Nandathu |
1508–1457 |
son |
|
| Tekkathu |
1457–1411 |
son |
|
| Lekkhana |
1411–1374 |
son |
|
| Gunnarit |
1374–1326 |
son |
|
| Thiwarit |
1326–1285 |
son |
|
| Min Hla Hmwe |
1285–1254 |
son |
|
| Marinda |
1254–1192 |
son |
|
| Theiddat Kumara |
1192–1170 |
son |
|
| Min Hla I |
1170–1123 |
son |
|
| Min Hla II |
1123–1099 |
brother |
|
| Nga Sarit |
1099–1061 |
son |
|
| Myet-hna Wun |
1061–1030 |
son |
|
| Let Thut Kyi |
1030–1003 |
son |
|
| Thiri Kamma Thunda |
1003–972 |
brother |
|
| Nanda Kotabaya |
972–945 |
son |
|
| Min Nan Phyu |
945–925 |
son |
|
| Min Manu |
925–897 |
son |
|
| Minkhaung |
897–878 |
son |
|
| Laukkhaung Raza |
878–838 |
son |
|
| Min Nge Pyaw-Hla-Si |
838–832 |
son |
|
| Three nobles |
832–825 |
|
usurpers |
Second Danyawaddy (825 BCE–146 CE)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Kan Raza III |
825–788 |
|
|
| Thila Raza |
788–740 |
son |
|
| Wasa Thura |
740–709 |
son |
|
| Nandawi Thura |
709–669 |
son |
|
| Puna Thuriya |
669–637 |
son |
|
| Thuranda |
637–614 |
son |
|
| Sandima |
614–577 |
son |
|
| Thiri Sanda |
577–537 |
son |
|
| Thiha Ran |
537–491 |
brother |
|
| Thiha Nu |
491–471 |
son |
|
| Payaka |
471–440 |
son |
|
| Nela Gun |
440–399 |
son |
|
| Rohaha Gun |
399–368 |
son |
|
| Thiri Gun |
368–344 |
son |
|
| Thamaza |
344–309 |
nephew |
|
| Kummara |
309–289 |
son |
|
| Thet Htin Phyu |
289–249 |
son |
|
| Tha Bin U |
249–207 |
son |
|
| Teza Wun |
207–171 |
brother |
|
| Munzayaba |
171–137 |
son |
|
| Kummara Withuddi |
137–50 |
uncle |
|
| Wathu Mun Dala |
50–16 |
son |
|
| Thurinda |
16 BCE–15 CE |
son |
|
| Ralamayu |
15–37 |
brother |
|
| Nalamayu |
37–68 |
son |
|
| Wada Gun |
68–90 |
son |
|
| Withu Raza |
90–111 |
son |
|
| Thiri Raza |
111–146 |
son |
|
Third Danyawaddy (146–788)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Sanda Thuriya |
146–198 |
|
|
| Thuriya Dipati |
198–245 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Patipat |
245–298 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Rupa |
298–313 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Mandala |
313–375 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Wunna |
375–418 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Natha |
418–459 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Wuntha |
459–468 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Banda |
468–474 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Kalyana |
474–492 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Mokkha |
492–513 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Teza |
513–544 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Ponnya |
544–552 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Kala |
552–575 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Pabba |
575–600 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Sitya |
600–618 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Thehta |
618–640 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Wimala |
640–648 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Renu |
648–670 |
brother |
|
| Thuriya Gantha |
670–686 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Thagya |
686–694 |
uncle |
|
| Thuriya Thiri |
694–714 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Kethi |
714–723 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Kutta |
723–746 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Ketu |
746–788 |
son |
|
Wethali (788–1018)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Maha Taing Sanda |
788–810 |
|
|
| Thuriya Taing Sanda |
810–830 |
son |
|
| Mawla Taing Sanda |
830–849 |
son |
|
| Pawla Taing Sanda |
849–875 |
son |
|
| Kala Taing Sanda |
875–884 |
son |
|
| Tula Taing Sanda |
884–903 |
son |
|
| Thiri Taing Sanda |
903–935 |
son |
|
| Thinkha Taing Sanda |
935–951 |
son |
|
| Chula Taing Sanda |
951–957 |
son |
|
| Amyahtu |
957–964 |
|
Chief of Myu people |
| Pe Phyu |
964–994 |
nephew |
|
| Nga Pin Nga Ton |
994–1018 |
|
son of Chula Taing Sanda |
Lemro (1018–1430)
Pyinsa (1018–1103)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Khittathin |
1018–1028 |
|
grandnephew of Chula Taing Sanda |
| Sandathin |
1028–1039 |
brother |
|
| Min Yin Phyu |
1039–1049 |
son |
|
| Naga Thuriya |
1049–1052 |
son |
|
| Thuriya Raza |
1052–1054 |
|
|
| Ponnaka |
1054–1058 |
|
|
| Min Phyugyi |
1058–1060 |
|
|
| Sithabin |
1060–1061 |
|
usurper |
| Min Nangyi |
1061–1066 |
son of Min Phyugyi |
|
| Min Lade |
1066–1072 |
|
|
| Min Kala |
1072–1075 |
|
|
| Min Bilu |
1075–1078 |
|
|
| Thinkhaya |
1078–1092 |
|
usurper |
| Min Than |
1092–1100 |
son |
|
| Min Pati |
1100–1103 |
son |
|
Parin (1103–1167)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Letya Min Nan |
1103–1109 |
grandson of Min Bilu |
Pagan nominee; 1118 ascension per Pagan dates |
| Thihaba |
1109–1110 |
son |
|
| Razagyi |
1110–1112 |
|
|
| Thagiwin I |
1112–1115 |
|
|
| Thagiwin II |
1115–1133 |
|
|
| Kawliya |
1133–1153 |
|
|
| Datharaza |
1153–1165 |
|
|
| Ananthiri |
1165–1167 |
|
|
Khrit (1167–1180)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Minonsa |
1167–1174 |
brother |
|
| Pyinsakawa |
1174–1176 |
son |
|
| Keinnayok |
1176–1179 |
son |
|
| Salinkabo |
1179–1180 |
|
usurper |
Second Pyinsa (1180–1237)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Misuthin |
1180–1191 |
|
son of Pyinsakawa |
| Ngaranman |
1191–1193 |
son |
|
| Ngapogan |
1193–1195 |
son |
|
| Ngarakhaing |
1195–1198 |
|
|
| Ngakyon |
1198–1201 |
|
|
| Ngasu |
1201–1205 |
|
|
| Swe Thin |
1205–1206 |
|
|
| Minkhaung I |
1206–1207 |
|
|
| Minkhaung II |
1207–1208 |
|
|
| Kabalaung I |
1208–1209 |
|
|
| Kabalaung II |
1209–1210 |
|
|
| Letya I |
1210–1218 |
|
|
| Letya II |
1218–1229 |
|
|
| Thanabin |
1229–1232 |
|
|
| Nganathin |
1232–1234 |
|
|
| Nganalon |
1234–1237 |
|
|
Launggyet (1237–1406)
| Monarch |
Reign |
Relationship |
Notes |
| Alawmaphyu |
1237–1243 |
son |
|
| Razathu I |
1243–1246 |
son |
|
| Sawlu |
1246–1251 |
son |
|
| Uzana I |
1251–1260 |
son |
|
| Saw Mon I |
1260–1268 |
son |
|
| Nankyagyi |
1268–1272 |
son |
|
| Min Bilu |
1272–1276 |
son |
|
| Sithabin I |
1276–1279 |
|
usurper |
| Min Hti |
1279–1373 |
son of Min Bilu |
|
| Saw Mon II |
1373–1380 |
|
Ava's nominee |
| Saw Me |
1380–1385 |
|
Ava's nominee |
| Uzana II |
1385–1387 |
|
of the royal blood |
| Thiwarit |
1387–1390 |
brother |
|
| Thinhse |
1390–1394 |
brother |
|
| Razathu II |
1394–1395 |
son |
|
| Sithabin II |
1395–1397 |
|
usurper |
| Myinhseingyi |
1397 |
|
usurper |
| Razathu |
1397–1401 |
|
restored |
| Theinkhathu |
1401–1404 |
brother |
|
| Saw Mon III |
1404–1406 |
nephew |
son of Razathu II |
Interregnum (1406–1429)
North Arakan
| Name |
Image |
Reign From |
Reign Until |
Relationship with predecessor(s) |
| Anawrahta |
|
29 November 1406 |
c. November 1407 |
Ava's vassal |
| Min Khayi |
|
c. November 1407 |
1408 |
Hanthawaddy's vassal |
| Myinsaing Myoza |
|
1408 |
1409 |
Ava's vassal |
| Letya |
|
late 1409 / early 1410 |
1412 |
Governor of North Arakan (Ava's vassal) |
| Naranu |
|
1412 |
18 April 1429 |
Ruler at Launnggyet (Hanthawaddy's vassal to 1421) |
| Kyaswa |
|
1413 |
1416 |
Ruler at Khwethintaung (Ava's vassal) |
Sandoway (Thandwe)
| Name |
Image |
Reign From |
Reign Until |
Relationship with predecessor(s) |
| Sokkate |
|
1410 |
1411 |
Governor of Sandoway (Ava's vassal) |
| Thonywaza |
|
1411? |
1436? |
Hanthawaddy's vassal to 1421 |
Saw Yin Mi Saw Yandameit Baya Minye |
|
1436? |
1437 |
Co-regents |
The reign dates are per the Arakanese chronicle Rakhine Razawin Thit (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931), converted into Western dates using (Eade 1989). (Some Arakanese chronicles state the foundation of the kingdom a year later, 1430. Moreover, the end of the kingdom is given per Burmese records, 2 January 1785. Arakanese records give a day earlier, 1 January 1785.)
| Name |
Image |
Reign From |
Reign Until |
Relationship with predecessor(s) |
| Saw Mon |
|
18 April 1429 |
9 May 1433 |
Founder |
| Khayi |
|
9 May 1433 |
c. January 1459 |
Brother |
| Ba Saw Phyu |
|
c. January 1459 |
5 August 1482 |
Son |
| Dawlya |
|
5 August 1482 |
c. February 1492 |
Son |
| Ba Saw Nyo |
|
c. February 1492 |
c. January 1494 |
Uncle, son of Khayi |
| Ran Aung |
|
c. January 1494 |
c. July 1494 |
Nephew, son of Dawlya |
| Salingathu |
|
c. July 1494 |
February 1502 |
Maternal uncle |
| Raza |
|
February 1502 |
c. November 1513 |
Son |
| Gazapati |
|
c. November 1513 |
January 1515 |
Son |
| Saw O |
|
January 1515 |
July 1515 |
Granduncle; brother of Salingathu |
| Thazata |
|
July 1515 |
c. April 1521 |
Son of Dawlya |
| Minkhaung |
|
c. April 1521 |
27 May 1531 |
Brother |
| Min Bin |
 |
27 May 1531 |
11 January 1554 |
Son of Min Raza |
| Dikkha |
|
11 January 1554 |
6 March 1556 |
Son |
| Saw Hla |
|
6 March 1556 |
24 July 1564 |
Son |
| Sekkya |
|
24 July 1564 |
7 February 1572 |
Brother |
| Hpalaung |
|
7 February 1572 |
4 July 1593 |
Son of Min Bin |
| Razagri |
|
4 July 1593 |
4 July 1612 |
Son |
| Khamaung |
|
4 July 1612 |
14 May 1622 |
Son |
| Thiri Thudhamma |
|
14 May 1622 |
29 May 1638 |
Son |
| Sanay |
|
29 May 1638 |
17 June 1638 |
Son |
| Narapati |
|
17 June 1638 |
13 December 1645 |
Great grandson of Min Bin |
| Thado |
|
13 December 1645 |
c. May 1652 |
Son |
| Sanda Thudhamma |
|
c. May 1652 |
11 June 1674 |
Son |
| Thiri Thudhamma |
|
11 June 1674 |
16 April 1685 |
Son |
| Wara Dhamma |
|
16 April 1685 |
20 June 1692 |
Brother |
| Mani Dhamma |
|
20 June 1692 |
20 December 1694 |
Elder brother |
| Sanda Thuriya I |
|
20 December 1694 |
4 August 1696 |
Brother |
| Nawrahta |
|
4 August 1696 |
18 August 1696 |
Son |
| Mayonpiya |
|
18 August 1696 |
13 May 1697 |
Usurper |
| Kalagandat |
|
16 May 1697 |
5 June 1698 |
Usurper |
| Naradipadi I |
|
5 June 1698 |
17 June 1700 |
Son of Sanda Thuriya |
| Sanda Wimala I |
|
18 June 1700 |
30 March 1707 |
Grandson of Thado |
| Sanda Thuriya II |
|
3 April 1707 |
September 1710 |
Grandson of Sanda Thudhamma |
| Interregnum ~2 months |
| Sanda Wizaya I |
|
November 1710 |
April 1731 |
Usurper |
| Sanda Thuriya III |
|
April 1731 |
1734 |
Son-in-law |
| Naradipadi II |
|
1734 |
1735 |
Son |
| Narapawara |
|
1735 |
September 1737 |
Usurper |
| Sanda Wizaya II |
|
September 1737 |
25 March 1738 |
Cousin |
| Madarit |
|
28 March 1738 |
6 February 1743 |
Brother |
| Nara Apaya |
|
6 February 1743 |
28 October 1761 |
Uncle |
| Thirithu |
|
28 October 1761 |
3 February 1762 |
Son |
| Sanda Parama |
|
3 February 1762 |
1 May 1764 |
Brother |
| Apaya |
|
1 May 1764 |
17 January 1774 |
Brother-in-law |
| Sanda Thumana |
|
17 January 1774 |
5 May 1777 |
Brother-in-law |
| Sanda Wimala II |
|
6 May 1777 |
5 June 1777 |
Usurper |
| Sanda Thaditha |
|
5 June 1777 |
1 December 1782 |
Usurper |
| Maha Thammada |
|
2 December 1782 |
2 January 1785 |
Usurper |
See also
References
Bibliography
- Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
- Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese) 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
- Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1931). Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan (in Burmese) 1–2 (1997 ed.). Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.
External sources
- Charney, Michael W. (1999). 'Where Jambudipa and Islamdom Converged: Religious Change and the Emergence of Buddhist Communalism in Early Modern Arakan, 15th-19th Centuries.' PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan.
- Charney, Michael W. (1993). 'Arakan, Min Yazagyi, and the Portuguese: The Relationship Between the Growth of Arakanese Imperial Power and Portuguese Mercenaries on the Fringe of Mainland Southeast Asia 1517-1617.' Masters dissertation, Ohio University.
- Leider, Jacques P. (2004). 'Le Royaume d’Arakan, Birmanie. Son histoire politique entre le début du XVe et la fin du XVIIe siècle,' Paris, EFEO.