List of DNA-tested mummies
This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived. Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.
mtDNA tests
The following mummies have undergone an mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) test, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:
Name | Original Location of Remains |
Date Lived (years ago) |
Mitochondrial DNA sequence | mtDNA Haplogroup | Y-DNA Haplogroup |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paglicci 23 | Italy | 28,000[1] | CRS [2] | H | |
Paglicci 25 | Italy | 23,000[3] | 7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4] | HV[4]| | |
Cheddar Man | England | >9,000 | 16192T, 16270T | U5a | |
Ötzi the Iceman | Austria/Italy | 5,300 [5] | K.[6][7] | G2a2b[8] | |
Ahmose I | Egypt | 3,550 | |||
Seknet-re | Egypt | 3,550 | |||
Thutmose I | Egypt | 3,500 | |||
Amenhotep I | Egypt | 3,500 | |||
Ramesses III | Egypt | 3,200[9] | E1b1a[10] | ||
Yeshua bar Yehosef | Israel | 2,000 | 270G, 278T | ||
Mariamene e Mara | Israel | 2,000 | 290G | ||
The Norwich Anglo-Saxon | England | 1,000 | 16189A, 16223T, 16271C, 16278T | X | |
Juanita the Ice Maiden | Peru | 500 | 16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A | A | |
Nonosabasut | Newfoundland | 190 | 093C, 189C, 213A, 223T, 278T | X2a | Q |
Demasduit | Newfoundland | 190 | 223T, 298C, 325C, 327T | C |
See also
- List of genetic results derived from historical figures
- List of mummies
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
- Ancient DNA
- Cambridge Reference Sequence
References
- ↑ Kambiz Kamrani (2006). "The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain’t Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else". Anthropology.net. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
- ↑ Caramelli, David; Vai, Stefania (July 2008). "A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences". PLoS ONE (Public Library of Science) 3 (7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002700. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
- ↑ Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology (Elsevier) 50 (2): 127–148.
- 1 2 Caramelli, David; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; et al. (May 27, 2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". PNAS ( NAS) 100 (11): 6593–6597.
- ↑ Bonani, Georges; Ivy, Susan D.; et al. (1994). "AMS 14C Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Ötzal Ice Man" (PDF). Radiocarbon (The Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona) 36 (2): 247–250. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
- ↑ Ermini, Luca; Olivieri, Cristina; et al. (November 11, 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology (Elsevier) 18 (21): 1687–93. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028.
- ↑ Endicott, Phillip; Sanchez, Juan J; et al. (2009). "Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman". BMC Genetics (BioMed Central) 10: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-29.
- ↑ Keller, Andreas; Graefen, Angela; et al. (February 28, 2012). "New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing". Nature Communications (Nature Publishing Group) 3: 698. doi:10.1038/ncomms1701.
- ↑ "Study reveals that Pharaoh’s throat was cut during royal coup". BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
- ↑ Hawass, Zahi; Ismail, Somaia; Selim, Ashraf; Saleem, Sahar N.; Fathalla, Dina; Wasef, Sally; Gad, Ahmed Z.; Saad, Rama; Fares, Suzan; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Gad, Yehia Z.; Pusch, Carsten M.; Zink, Albert R. (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological,and genetic study". BMJ (BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.) 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
Further reading
- Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen (August 3, 2005). "Mosaics of ancient mitochondrial DNA: positive indicators of nonauthenticity". European Journal of Human Genetics (Nature Publishing Group) 13 (10): 1106–1112. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201476. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
- Caramelli, David; Carles Lalueza-Fox, Cristiano Vernesi, Martina Lari, Antonella Casoli, Francesco Mallegni, Brunetto Chiarelli, Isabelle Dupanloup, Jaume Bertranpetit, Guido Barbujani & Giorgio Bertorelle (2003). "Evidence for a Genetic Discontinuity Between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old Anatomically Modern Europeans" (print, online). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (27 May). doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
- The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes.
External links
- Famous DNA
- Ancient DNA
- British teacher finds long-lost relative: 9,000-year-old man
- Unravelling the mummy mystery - using DNA
- Evidence of the Past: A Map and Status of Ancient Remains
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