List of Georgian monarchs

"Queen of Georgia" redirects here. For the consorts of Georgia, see List of Georgian consorts.
"List of Georgian Kings" redirects here. For Kings of the Georgian era in the United Kingdom, see List of British monarchs.
King of Georgia
საქართველოს მეფე

Details
First monarch Guaram I
Last monarch George XII
Formation 575
Abolition 1801[1]
Residence Armazi
Mtskheta
Artanuji (now in Turkey)
Kutaisi
Tbilisi
Gremi
Telavi
Pretender(s) Nugzar Bagrationi
David Bagrationi

This is a list of kings and queens of the kingdoms of Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty before Russian annexation in 1801–1810.

For more comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs.

Princes of Iberia

Persian and Byzantine conquest destroyed rule and replaced the hereditary king with a hereditary prince. In 580, the Persians abolished the Iberian monarchy and established the province of Iberia, allowing various princes to rule through the Principality of Iberia as governors of the Sasanids for the remainder of their domination of Iberia, up to the course of the 620s. With the dawn of the Arabs, the presiding princes regained power in 888, restoring kingship. The following is a list of those princes:

Unified Kingdom of Georgia

The eventual victors in Georgia were of the house of Bagrationi, who claimed descent from the earlier dynasty. This family would rule Georgia and all Georgian kingdoms until the Russians annexed all of Georgia in the early 19th century.

Kings of Iberia

Kings of the Kingdom of the Kartvels

Kings of unified Georgia (1008–1490)

In 1008, Bagrat, who had been King of Abkhazia (present-day Western Georgia) since 978, inherited from his father Gurgen the crown of Iberia (or Kartli, present-day Eastern Georgia). The two kingdoms united into what came to be known as the Kingdom of Georgia.

Portrait Name Title King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Kings of unified Georgia (1008–1259)
Bagrat III the Unifier 1008 1014   Son of Gurgen of Georgia
  Nephew of Theodosius III of Abkhazia
George I 1014 1027   Son of Bagrat III
Bagrat IV 1027 1072   Son of George I
George II 1072 1089   Son of Bagrat IV
David IV the Builder
(Davit' Aghmashenebeli)
1089 1125   Son of George II
Demetrius I
first reign
1125 1154 or 1155   Son of David IV
David V 1154 or 1155 1155   Son of Demetrius I
Demetrius I
second reign
1155 1156   Son of David IV
  Father of David V
George III 1156 1184   Son of Demetrius I
Tamar the Great
(Tamar Mepe)
1184 1213   Daughter of George III
George IV Lasha
(also known as Lasha George, Light of the World, the Resplendent)
1213 1223   Son of Tamar
Rusudan 1223 1245   Daughter of Tamar
  Sister of George IV
David VI Narin, the Strong 1245 1259   Son of Rusudan
David VII Ulu, the Cunning 1247 1259   Son (illegitimate) of George IV

Between 1259 and 1330, due to the consequences of the Mongol invasions, Imereti was ruled by distinct kings from the rest of Georgia. David VI and David VII, who had ruled together as vassals of the Mongols, now ruled distinct parts of the country. Imereti had a few more periods of independence, between 1387 and 1412 (during Timur's invasions of Georgia), and again between 1446 and 1452.

Georgia Imereti
Picture Name Picture Name
David VII Ulu, the Cunning
1259–1270
David VI Narin, the Strong
(David I of Imereti)
1259–1293
Demetrius II
1270–1289
Son of David VII Ulu
Also known as Saint Demetrius the Self-Sacrificier
Vakhtang II
1289–1292
Son of David VI Narin
David VIII
1293–1311
Son of Demetrius II
Constantine I
1293–1327
Son of David VI Narin
George V the Magnificent

(the Illustrious, the Shadow King of Tbilisi, the Brilliant)
1299–1302
Son of Demetrius II
First reign, installed by the Mongols against David VIII

Vakhtang III
1302–1308
Son of Demetrius II
Also installed by the Mongols in replacement of his brothers
George VI the Minor
1311–1313
Son of David VIII
Installed by the Mongols, with his uncle George V as regent
George V the Magnificent

(the Illustrious, the Shadow King of Tbilisi, the Brilliant)
1314–1346
Son of Demetrius II
Second reign

Michael
1327–1329
Brother of Constantine I
Bagrat I the Little
1329–1330
Son of Michael
Reintegrated into Georgia in 1330
David IX
1346–1360
Son of George V
Part of the Georgian Kingdom
Bagrat V the Great
1360–1393 or 1395
Son of David IX
Part of the Georgian Kingdom until 1387
Alexander I
1387–1389
Son of Bagrat I
George I
1389–1396
Son of Bagrat I
George VII
1393–1407 or 1395–1405
Son of Bagrat V
Constantine II
1396–1401
Son of Bagrat I, brother of George I
Demetrius I
1401–1412
Son of Alexander I of Imereti
After 1412, he accepts Georgian suzerainty and rules Imereti as Duke
Constantine I
1405 or 1407–1412
Son of Bagrat V
Alexander I the Great
1412–1442
Son of Constantine I
Part of the Georgian Kingdom
Vakhtang IV
1442–1446
Son of Alexander I
Part of the Georgian Kingdom
George VIII
1446–1465
Brother of Vakhtang IV
Part of the Georgian Kingdom in 1446-1463
Bagrat VI
1465–1478
Grand-son of Constantine I
In control of Kartli and Imereti, but not Kakheti
Under control of Bagrat VI
Constantine II
1478–1505
Son of Demetrius III
Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1490, he was subsequently titled King of Kartli
Alexander II
1478–1510
Son of Bagrat VI
Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1483 (in concurrence with his rival Constantine II)

Kings of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti (1490–1762)

In 1490, after several decades of dynastic infighting, a national council agreed on the division of the Kingdom of Georgia into three kingdoms. The Kings of Georgia retained the largest portion of the divided kingdom which reverted to its old name of Kartli. Imereti and Kakheti emerged as the other two Bagrationi kingdoms created out of the division.

Imereti Kartli Kakheti
Picture Name Picture Name Picture Name
Alexander II
1478–1510
Son of Bagrat VI
Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1483 (in concurrence with his rival Constantine II)
Constantine II
1478–1505
Son of Demetrius III
Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1490, King of Kartli between 1490 and 1505
Alexander I
1476–1511
Son of George VIII of Georgia, who reigned in Kakheti as George I between 1465 and 1476
David X
1505–1525
Son of Constantine II
Bagrat III
1510–1565
Son of Alexander II
George II "the Wicked"
1511–1513
Son of Alexander I
Annexed by Kartli between 1513 and 1520
Levan (or Leon)
1520–1574
Son of George II
George IX
1525–1527 (or 1534)
Son of Constantine II, brother of David X
Luarsab I
1527–1556 (or 1534–1558)
Son of David X, nephew of George IX
Simon I
1556 (or 1558)–1569
Son of David X, nephew of George IX
First reign
George II
1565–1585
Son of Bagrat III
David XI (Daud Khan)
1569–1578
Son of David X, brother of Simon I
Alexander II
1574–1601
Son of Levan
First reign
Simon I
1578–1599
Son of David X, brother of David XI
Second reign
Leon (or Levan)
1585–1588
Son of George II
Rostom
1588–1589
Grandson of Bagrat III, cousin of Leon
First reign
Bagrat IV
1589–1590
Great-grandson of Alexander II
Rostom
1590–1605
Grandson of Bagrat III, cousin of Leon
Second reign
George X
1599–1606
Son of Simon I
David I
1601–1602
Son of Alexander II
Alexander II
1602–1605
Son of Levan, Father of David I
Second reign
Constantine I (Constantine Khan)
1605
Son of Alexander II
George III
1605–1639
Brother of Rostom
Luarsab II
1606–1615
Son of Simon I
Teimuraz I (also known as Tahmuras Khan)
1605–1648
Son of Alexander II
Deposed by the Persians between 1616 and 1625, and 1633 and 1634, during which years Kakheti was under Persian governorship.
Bagrat VII (Bagrat Khan)
1615–1619
Son of David XI (Daud Khan)
Simon II (Semayun Khan)
1619–1630
Son of Bagrat VII (Bagrat Khan)
Kartli part of Teimuraz's Kingdom of Kakheti between 1630 and 1634
Rostom (Rustam Khan)
1633–1658
Son of David XI (Daud Khan)
Alexander III
1639–1660
Son of George III
Annexed by Kartli between 1648 and 1656, then under direct Persian rule until 1664.
Bagrat V
1660 (March–September)
Son of Alexander III
First reign
Vakhtang V (Shah-Nawaz Khan)
1658–1675
Adoptive son of Rostom, born Bagration-Mukhrani
Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili
1660–1661
Lover of the Queen Dowager Nestan Darejan
First reign
Archil
1661–1663
Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli
First reign
Demetrius of Guria
1663–1664
Duke of Guria, briefly in power of all Imereti
Bagrat V
1664–1668
Son of Alexander III
Second reign
Archil
1664–1675
Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli
Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili
1668
Lover of the Queen Dowager Nestan Darejan
Second reign
Bagrat V
1668–1678
Son of Alexander III
Third reign
Archil
1678–1679
Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli
Second reign
George XI (Shah-Nawaz Khan II)
1675–1688
Son of Vakhtang V
First reign
Heraclius I (Erekle I, Nazar Alī Khān)
1675–1676
Grandson of Teimuraz I
First reign
Bagrat V
1679–1681
Son of Alexander III
Fourth reign
Under direct Persian administration between 1676 and 1703
George IV (Gurieli)
1681–1683
Prince of Guria, seized the crown of Imereti
Alexander IV
1683–1690
Son of Bagrat V
First reign
Heraclius I (Erekle I, Nazar Alī Khān)
1688–1703
Grandson of Teimuraz I of Kakheti
Archil
1690–1691
Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli
Third reign
Alexander IV
1691–1695
Son of Bagrat V
Second reign
Archil
1695–1696
Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli
Fourth reign
George V
1696–1698
Put on the throne by the powerful Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze
Archil
1698–1699
Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli
Fifth reign
Simon
1699–1701
Illegitimate son of Alexander IV
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black")
1701–1702
Prince of Guria, son of George IV
First reign
George VI
1702–1707
Prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze
George XI (Shah-Nawaz Khan II)
1703–1709
Son of Vakhtang V
Second reign
David II (Imām Qulī Khān)
1703–1720
Son of Heraclius I
George VII
1707–1711
Illegitimate son of Alexander IV
First reign
Kaikhosro
1709–1711
Grandson of Vakhtang V, nephew of George XI
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black")
1711–1712
Prince of Guria, son of George IV
Second reign
Interregnum, regency (actually since 1703) of the future Vakhtang VI
George VII
1712–1713
Illegitimate son of Alexander IV
Second reign
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black")
1713–1714
Prince of Guria, son of George IV
Third reign
George VII
1714–1720
Illegitimate son of Alexander IV
Third reign
Exiled between 1716 and 1719, regency of the Abashidze family
Jesse (Ali-Quli Khan, Mustafa Pasha)
1714–1716
Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro
First reign
Vakhtang VI ("the Scholar", "the Lawgiver")
1716–1724
Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro and Jesse
George VIII (Gurieli)
1720
Prince of Guria, son of Mamia
Alexander V
1720–1741
Son of George VII
First reign
Constantine II (Mahmād Qulī Khān)
1722–1732
Son of Heraclius I
Jesse (Ali-Quli Khan, Mustafa Pasha)
1724–1727
Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro
Second reign
Direct administration by the Ottoman Empire (1727–1735), then by the Persian Empire (1735–1744)
Teimuraz II
1732–1744
Son of Constantine II
George IX
1741–1742
Son of George VII, brother of Alexander V
Alexander V
1742–1752
Son of George VII, brother of George IX
Second reign
Teimuraz II
1744–1762
King of Kakheti (1732–1744), son of Constantine II of Kakheti
Heraclius II (or Erekle II)
1744–1762
Son of Teimuraz II
Solomon I
1752–1766
Son of Alexander V
First reign

Kings of Kartli-Kakheti and Imereti (1762–1810)

The process of unification of Kartli and Kakheti was initiated in 1744, when Teimuraz II of Kakheti was confirmed as King of Kartli by the Persians, and left Kakheti to his son Heraclius II. It was fulfilled in 1762, when Teimuraz II died, and Heraclius joined the two crowns. The Russian southward expansion would however cut short this evolution; Kartli-Kakheti became a Russian protectorate in 1783 by the Treaty of Georgievsk, and was annexed in 1801 following the death of George XII. Imereti kept its independence a few years longer, until 1810.

Imereti Kartli-Kakheti
Picture Name Picture Name
Solomon I
1752–1766
Son of Alexander V
First reign
Heraclius II (or Erekle II)
1762–1798
Son of Teimuraz II
Teimuraz
1766–1768
Grandson of George VII, cousin of Solomon I
Solomon I
1768–1784
Son of Alexander V
Second reign
David II
1784–1789
Son of George IX
First reign
Solomon II (David-Salomon)
1789–1790
Nephew of Solomon I
First reign
David II
1790–1792
Son of George IX
Second reign
Solomon II (David-Salomon)
1792–1810
Nephew of Solomon I
Second reign
George XII
1798–1800
Son of Heraclius II
After George XII's death, and before Prince David could ascend the throne, Russia fully integrated Kartli-Kakheti into the Empire and abolished the monarchy. Imereti would be similarly annexed in 1810, as Solomon II was deposed.

Many members of the Bagrationi dynasty were forced to flee the country and live in exile after the Red Army took control of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921 and installed the Georgian Communist Party. Since Georgia regained independence in 1990 the former royals have raised their profile, and in 2008 the two rival branches of the dynasty were united in marriage.[2]

Timeline of Georgian monarchs

Bagrationi dynasty Chosroid Dynasty Arsacid dynasty of Iberia Pharnabazid Dynasty

See also

References

  1. Ended by Russia's annexation
  2. The Bagrationi (Bagration) Dynasty History
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