List of Martian canals
The fictional Martian canals were named, by Schiaparelli and others, after real and legendary rivers of various places on Earth or the mythological underworld. Some of those names are listed below, with the regions that the canals were thought to connect.
A
| Name | Pronunciation | Location | Source of name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acalandrus | /ˌækəˈlændrəs/ | From a stream in Lucania, Italy, now called Calandro | |
| Acampsis | /əˈkæmpsᵻs/ | From a river in Pontus that flowed into the Black Sea, now called Çoruh/Chorokhi | |
| Acesines | /æsᵻˈsaɪniËz/ | From a Sicilian river, now called Cantara; also the name of Chenab, one of the rivers of the Punjab | |
| Achana | /ˈækənə/ | From a river in northern Arabia | |
| Achates | /əˈkeɪtiËz/ | From a Sicilian river now called the Drillo, in which agates were found | |
| Acheloüs | /ˌækᵻˈloʊəs/ | From Achelous, a river in western Greece | |
| Acheron | /ˈækɪrɒn/ | From Acheron, both a real river in Epirus and a mythical river of Hades | |
| Acis | /ˈeɪsᵻs/ | From a Sicilian river now called Fiume di Iaci | |
| Aeacus | /ˈiËÉ™kÉ™s/ | N to S: runs through Cebrenia to the junction of Styx and Boreas canals | |
| Aeolus | /ˈiËoÊŠlÉ™s/ | From Aeolus, keeper of the winds in Greek mythology | |
| Aesis | /ˈiËsáµ»s/ | From an Italian river, now called Fiumesino | |
| Aethiops | /ˈiËθiËÉ’ps/ | Means "the Ethiopian" | |
| Agathodaemon | /ˌæɡəθoʊˈdiËmÉ’n/ | N to S: connects Tithonius Lacus to Aonius Sinus, opposite Protei Regio; just W of Aurea Cherso | Means "good spirit" |
| Alcyonius | /ˌælsiËˈoÊŠniÉ™s/ | ||
| Alpheus | /ælˈfiËÉ™s/ | Runs NS through Hellas | From the river Alpheios in the Peloponnesus of Greece |
| Ambrosia | /æmˈbroʊʒiə/ | S to N: connects Solis Lacus with Bosphorus Gemmatus, running through Thaumasia | From ambrosia, the legendary food of the gods |
| Amenthes | /əˈmÉ›nθiËz/ | ||
| Amphrysus | /æmˈfraɪsəs/ | From a Thessalian river, now called Armiro | |
| Amystis | /əˈmɪstᵻs/ | From a river of India | |
| Anapus | /əˈneɪpəs/ | From an Acarnanian or Sicilian river | |
| Anian | /ˈeɪniËæn/ | After the Strait of Anián, a mythical water passage in the American northwest | |
| Antaeus | /ænˈtiËÉ™s/ | NW to SE: from the junction of Cerberus and Eunostos canals to the Atlantis region | From Antaeus, son of Earth, a gigantic opponent of Heracles |
| Anubis | /əˈnjuËbáµ»s/ | From the Egyptian god Anubis | |
| Apis | /ˈeɪpᵻs/ | From the Egyptian god Apis | |
| Araxes | /əˈræksiËz/ | E to W: connects Phoenicis Lacus with the E end of Mare Sirenum | From Araxes, a river in eastern Anatolia, northern Iran |
| Argaeus | /É‘ËrˈdÊ’iËÉ™s/ | Flows S from pole to junction of Pyramus and Pierius canals | |
| Arges | /ˈɑËrdÊ’iËz/ | ||
| Arnon | /ˈɑËrnÉ’n/ | N to S: connects Arethusa Lacus to Ismenius Lacus | From the small river Arnon now in the Kingdom of Jordan |
| Aroeris | NE to SW: from "Copais Palus" to Ismenius Lacus | ||
| Arosis | /ˈæroʊsᵻs/ | ||
| Arsanias | /É‘Ërˈseɪniæs/ | From an Armenian river | |
| Artanes | /ˈɑËrtÉ™niËz/ | ||
| Ascanius | /æsˈkeɪniəs/ | From the Trojan Ascanius, son of Aeneas | |
| Asclepius | /æsˈkliËpiÉ™s/ | From the Greek deity of healing Asclepius | |
| Asopus | /əˈsoʊpəs/ | ||
| Astaboras | /æsˈtæbɔəræs/ | E to W: connects Syrtis Major to Ismenius Lacus | From a name for the Atbarah river, a branch of the upper Nile |
| Astapus | /ˈæstəpəs/ | From a name for the Blue Nile river | |
| Astusapes | /æsˈtjuËsÉ™piËz/ | From a name for the White Nile river | |
| Atax | /ˈeɪtæks/ | ||
| Athesis | /ˈæθᵻsᵻs/ | From the river Adige in Venezia | |
| Athyr | /ˈeɪθɪr/ | From a form of the name of the Egyptian goddess Hathor | |
| Avernus | /əˈvɛrnəs/ | NE to SW: connects Ammonii Fons to the E end of Mare Cimmerium via Aquae Apollinaris | From Avernus, a river of Hades |
| Avus | /ˈeɪvəs/ | ||
| Axius | /ˈæksiəs/ | ||
| Axon | /ˈæksɒn/ |
B-D
| Bactrus | /ˈbæktrəs/ | From a river of Bactria | |
| Baetis | /ˈbiËtáµ»s/ | From the classical name of the Guadalquivir river | |
| Bathys | /ˈbeɪθᵻs/ | From | |
| Bautis | /ˈbÉ”Ëtáµ»s/ | ||
| Belus | /ˈbiËlÉ™s/ | ||
| Boreas | /ˈbɔəriæs/ | E to W: connects Propontis to Anian canal | From Boreas, the Greek name for the North Wind |
| Boreosyrtis | /ËŒbɔəriËoʊˈsɪrtáµ»s/ | E to W in curve between Utopia and Dioscuria | |
| Brontes | /ˈbrÉ’ntiËz/ | ||
| Cadmus | /ˈkædməs/ | From the Greek hero Cadmus | |
| Caicus | |||
| Callirrhoë | /kæˈlɪroÊŠiË/ | Means "flowing beautifully" | |
| Cambyses | |||
| Cantabras | |||
| Carpis | /ˈkÉ‘Ërpáµ»s/ | ||
| Casius | /ˈkeɪʒiəs/ | NW to SE: connects Copaïs Palus to Nodus Alcyonius | |
| Casuentus | /ËŒkæʒuËˈeɪntÉ™s/ | ||
| Catarrhactes | /ËŒkætæˈræktiËz/ | ||
| Caÿster | /keɪˈɪstər/ | – | |
| Cedron | /ˈsiËdrÉ’n/ | NW to SE; connects the Jaxartes canal to Arethusa Lacus | From the Brook of Cedron near Jerusalem |
| Centrites | |||
| Cephissus | /siËˈfɪsÉ™s/ | From any of several rivers in Greece called Cephissus | |
| Ceraunius | /siËˈrÉ”ËniÉ™s/ | A broad canal, or pair of canals, running NS from Tharsis down to between Tempe and Arcadia | |
| Cerberus | /ˈsɛrbɪrəs/ | NE to SW: connects Trivium Charontis to the W end of Mare Cimmerium | From the name of the dog Cerberus that guards the gates of Hades |
| Cestrus | /ˈsɛstrəs/ | ||
| Chaboras | |||
| Chretes | /ˈkriËtiËz/ | ||
| Choaspes | /koʊˈæspiËz/ | From Choaspes, a river of Susiana, Persia | |
| Chrysas | /ˈkraɪsæs/ | ||
| Chrysorrhoas | /kraɪˈsɒroʊæs/ | N to S: connects Lunae Lacus to Tithonius Lacus | Means "flowing with gold" |
| Cinyphus | |||
| Clitumnus | /klaɪˈtʌmnəs/ | ||
| Clodianus | /ËŒklÉ’diËˈeɪnÉ™s/ | ||
| Cocytus | /koʊˈsaɪtəs/ | Named for Cocytus, a mythical river of Hades | |
| Cophen | /ˈkoʊfɛn/ | ||
| Coprates | |||
| Corax | /ˈkɔəræks/ | ||
| Cyaneus | /saɪˈeɪniəs/ | ||
| Cyclops | /ˈsaɪklɒps/ | Southern continuation of Galaxias canal, running from the junction of Cerberus and Eunostos to Mare Cimmerium | Named for the oneeyed monster Cyclops of Greek myth |
| Cydnus | /ˈsɪdnəs/ | ||
| Cyrus | /ˈsaɪərəs/ | ||
| Daemon | /ˈdiËmÉ’n/ | ||
| Daix | |||
| Daradax | |||
| Dardanus | /ˈdÉ‘ËrdÉ™nÉ™s/ | E to W: connects Niliacus Lacus to Ceraunius canal | |
| Dargamenes | |||
| Deuteronilus | /ËŒdjuËtɪroʊˈnaɪlÉ™s/ | E to W: connects Ismenius Lacus to Niliacus Lacus via Dirce Fons | Means 'Second Nile' |
| Digentia | /daɪˈdʒɛnʃiə/ | ||
| Dosaron | |||
| Drahonus |
E-F
| Elison | |||
| Eosphoros | /iËˈɒsfɔərÉ’s/ | NW to SE: connects Phoenicis Lacus to Solis Lacus | Means "bringer of dawn" |
| Erannoboas | /ˌɛræˈnɒboʊæs/ | A river of India | |
| Erebus | /ˈɛrᵻbəs/ | From Erebus, a name for the Underworld | |
| Erigone | /iËˈrɪɡoÊŠniË/ | ||
| Erinaeus | /ˌɛrᵻˈniËÉ™s/ | ||
| Erinnys | /iËˈrɪnáµ»s/ | E to W: connects the W end of Mare Sirenum to Titanum Sinus in Memnonia | From the mythical Erinyes |
| Erymanthus | /ˌɛrᵻˈmænθəs/ | ||
| Eulaeus | /juËˈliËÉ™s/ | ||
| Eumenides | /juËˈmÉ›náµ»diËz/ | NW to SE: the SE continuation of Orcus canal, from Nodus Gordii to Phoenicis Lacus | From another name for the Erinyes |
| Eunostos | /juËˈnÉ’stÉ’s/ | ||
| Euphrates | /juËˈfreɪtiËz/ | N to S: connects Sinus Sabaeus to Ismenius Lacus | From the river Euphrates in Mesopotamia, one of the four rivers of the Garden of Eden |
| Euripus | /juËˈraɪpÉ™s/ | SE to NW, connects Mare Tyrrhenum and Mare Hadriaticum, running through Ausonia | After the strait between Euboea and Boeotia |
| Eurotas | /juËˈroÊŠtæs/ | After the river Eurotas in Greece | |
| Eurymedon | /juËˈrɪmáµ»dÉ’n/ | ||
| Eurypus | /ˈjuËráµ»pÉ™s/ | ||
| Evenus | /iËˈviËnÉ™s/ | aka Euenus /jəˈwiËnÉ™s/ | |
| Feuos | /ˈfjuËÉ’s/ | aka Fevos [ ˈfivÉ’s ] | |
| Fortunae | /fÉ’rˈtjuËniË/ | Means "of Fortune" |
G-H
| Gaesus | /ˈdÊ’iËsÉ™s/ | ||
| Galaesus | /ɡəˈliËsÉ™s/ | ||
| Galaxias | /ɡəˈlæksiæs/ | N to S: from Anian to the junction of Cerberus and Eunostos S of Elysium | |
| Ganges | /ˈɡændÊ’iËz/ | N to S: connects Lunae Lacus to Aurorae Sinus | From the Ganges, a river of India |
| Ganymede | /ˈɡænáµ»miËd/ | From Ganymede, the cupbearer of Zeus | |
| Garrhuenus | |||
| Gehon | /ˈdÊ’iËÉ’n/ | N to S: connects Mare Acidalium to the W end of Sinus Sabaeus | From Gihon, one of the four rivers of Eden Also spelled Gihon [ ˈdÊ’ajÉ’n ] |
| Gigas | /ˈdʒaɪɡæs/ | NE to SW: connects Ascraeus Lacus to Titanum Sinus via Lucus Maricae | From the mythical monsters called Gigantes |
| Glaucus | /ˈɡlÉ”ËkÉ™s/ | ||
| Gorgon | /ˈɡɒrɡɒn/ | Connects Mare Sirenum and the Eumenides canal near Nodus Gordii | From the mythical monster Gorgon |
| Gyes | /ˈdÊ’aɪiËz/ | ||
| Gyndes | /ˈdʒɪndiËz/ | From a river flowing into the Tigris | |
| Hades | /ˈheɪdiËz/ | N to S: connects Trivium Charontis and Propontis | From the Greek name for the Underworld and its ruling deity, Hades |
| Halys | /heɪlᵻs/ | ||
| Harpasus | |||
| Hebe | /ˈhiËbiË/ | ||
| Hebrus | /ˈhiËbrÉ™s/ | ||
| Heliconius | /ˌhɛlᵻˈkoʊniəs/ | E to W: connects Sithonius Lacus to Copaïs Palus | |
| Helisson | /hiËˈlɪsÉ’n/ | ||
| Hephaestus | /hiËˈfÉ›stÉ™s/ | From the god Hephaestus | |
| Heratemis | |||
| Hiddekel | /ˈhɪdᵻkɛl/ | NE to SW: connects Ismenius Lacus to Fastigium Aryn at the western end of Sinus Sabaeus | From the Hebrew name for the Tigris, a river of Mesopotamia and one of the four rivers of Eden |
| Hipparis | |||
| Hippus | /ˈhɪpəs/ | ||
| Hyblaeus | /hᵻˈbliËÉ™s/ | NE to SW: connects Anian canal to Hephaestus canal | |
| Hyctanis | |||
| Hydaspes | /haɪˈdæspiËz/ | From the Greek name for the Jhelum river of India | |
| Hydraotes | /ËŒhɪdreɪˈoÊŠtiËz/ | SE to NW; connects Margaritifer Sinus to Lunae Lacus | After the Greek name for the Ravi river of India |
| Hydriacus | |||
| Hylias | |||
| Hyllus | /ˈhɪləs/ | ||
| Hyphasis | |||
| Hypsas | /ˈhɪpsəs/ | ||
| Hyscus | /ˈhɪskəs/ |
I-M
| Idalius | /aɪˈdeɪliəs/ | ||
| Ilissus | /aɪˈlɪsəs/ | ||
| Indus | /ˈɪndəs/ | N to S: connects Niliacus Lacus to Margaritifer Sinus | From the Indus, a river of India |
| Iris | /ˈaɪərᵻs/ | N to S: connects Phoenicis Lacus to Ceraunius canal | Named for the goddess of the rainbow Iris |
| Isis | /ˈaɪsᵻs/ | From the Egyptian goddess Isis | |
| Issedon | /ˈɪsᵻdɒn/ | ||
| Jamuna | /ˈdʒæmjuËnÉ™/ | N to S; connects Niliacus Lacus to Aurorae Sinus | From the Yamuna or Jumna, a river of India |
| Jaxartes | /dʒækˈsÉ‘ËrtiËz/ | From an old name for the Syr Darya, a river of Transoxiana | |
| Jordanis | /dʒɒrˈdeɪnᵻs/ | From the river Jordan in the Holy Land | |
| Kison | /ˈkaɪsɒn/ | ||
| Labotas | |||
| Laestrygon | /lɛsˈtraɪɡɒn/ | N to S: connects Trivium Charontis to Mare Cimmerium | |
| Leontes | /liËˈɒntiËz/ | ||
| Lethes | /ˈliËθiËz/ | N to S: connects Hephaestus canal to Syrtis Minor | From Lethe, a mythical river of Hades |
| Liris | /ˈlaɪərᵻs/ | ||
| Maeander | /miËˈændÉ™r/ | ||
| Magon | /ˈmeɪɡɒn/ | ||
| Malva | /ˈmælvə/ | ||
| Margus | /ˈmÉ‘ËrÉ¡É™s/ | ||
| Medus | /ˈmiËdÉ™s/ | ||
| Medusa | /miËˈdjuËsÉ™/ | From the mythical monster Medusa | |
| Mogrus | /ˈmoʊɡrəs/ |
N-O
| Nectar | /ˈnÉ›ktÉ‘Ër/ | Runs E from Solis Lacus to Nectaris Fons (near Protei Regio) | From nectar, the legendary drink of the gods |
| Neda | /ˈniËdÉ™/ | A river of the Peloponnesus | |
| Nepenthes | /niËˈpÉ›nθiËz/ | NE to SW: from junction of Thoth and Triton canals to Syrtis Major via Lacus Moeris | |
| Nereides | /niËˈriËÉ™diËz/ | From the nymphs called Nereids | |
| Nestus | /ˈnɛstəs/ | A river of Thrace | |
| Neudrus | /ˈnjuËdrÉ™s/ | A river of India | |
| Nilokeras | /naɪˈlɒkᵻræs/ | E to W: connects Niliacus Lacus with Lunae Lacus | Means "horn of the Nile" |
| Nilosyrtis | /ˌnɪloʊˈsɪrtᵻs/ | A broad canallike feature, running N from the tip of Syrtis Major to Coloë Palus | |
| Nilus | /ˈnaɪləs/ | From the Nile, the river of Egypt | |
| Nymphaeus | /nɪmˈfiËÉ™s/ | A river of Armenia | |
| Oceanus | /oʊˈsiËÉ™nÉ™s/ | From Oceanus, a mythical river surrounding the world and the Titan who shared its name | |
| Ochus | /ˈoʊkəs/ | A river of Bactriana | |
| Opharus | /ˈɒfərəs/ | A river of Sarmatia | |
| Orcus | /ˈɒrkəs/ | NW to SE: connects Trivium Charontis to Nodus Gordii, where it turns into Eumenides canal | From Orcus, a synonym of Hades |
| Orontes | /oʊˈrÉ’ntiËz/ | E to SW: connects Serbonis Palus to Sabaeus Sinus | From the Orontes, a river of Syria |
| Orosines | |||
| Oxus | /ˈɒksəs/ | NE to SW: connects the Deuteronilus and the Indus canals | From an old name for the Amu Darya, a river of Central Asia |
P-R
| Pactolus | /pækˈtoʊləs/ | From the river Pactolus in Anatolia | |
| Padargus | /pəˈdÉ‘ËrÉ¡É™s/ | ||
| Palamnus | /pəˈlæmnəs/ | ||
| Parcae | /ˈpÉ‘ËrsiË/ | ||
| Peneus | /piËˈniËÉ™s/ | Runs EW through Hellas | From the Peneios river in the Peloponnesus of Greece |
| Permessus | /pɛrˈmɛsəs/ | ||
| Pierius | /paɪˈiËriÉ™s/ | E to W: connects Copaïs Palus and Arethusa Lacus | |
| Phasis | /ˈfeɪsᵻs/ | N to S: connects Phoenicis Lacus and Aonius Sinus | |
| Phison | /ˈfaɪsɒn/ | N to S: connects Coloë Palus to Sinus Sabaeus | From Pishon, one of the four rivers of Eden |
| Phlegethon | /ˈflɛdʒᵻθɒn/ | From the Phlegethon, a mythical river of Hades | |
| Protonilus | /ˌprɒtoʊˈnaɪləs/ | E to W: connects Coloë Palus and Ismenius Lacus | Means "first Nile" |
| Psychrus | /ˈsaɪkrəs/ | ||
| Pyramus | /ˈpɪrəməs/ | S from pole via Copaïs Palus to junction of Boreosyrtis and Cadmus canals | |
| Pyriphlegethon | /ˌpɪrᵻˈflɛdʒᵻθɒn/ | NW to SE: connecting Propontis and Lacus Phoenicis | From Pyriphlegethon ("fiery Phlegethon"), a mythical river of Hades |
| Python | /ˈpaɪθɒn/ | From the monster Python which Apollo killed | |
| Rha | /ˈreɪ/ | From a classical name for the river Volga | |
| Rhyndacus | /ˈrɪndəkəs/ | From the classical river Rhyndacus in Anatolia |
S-X
| Scamander | /skəˈmændər/ | S to N from Mare Chronium to Mare Cimmerium, between Electris and Eridania | From the river Scamander in the Troad |
| Sesamus | /ˈsɛsəməs/ | From a Paphlagonian river | |
| Simoïs | /ˈsɪmoʊᵻs/ | S to N from Mare Chronium to Mare Cimmerium between Phaëthontis and Electris | From the river Simoïs in the Troad |
| Sirenius | /saɪˈriËniÉ™s/ | N to S: connects the Tanais canal near Nerigos with the E end of Mare Sirenum | Means "of the Sirens |
| Siris | /ˈsaɪərᵻs/ | From an Italian river in Lucania | |
| Sitacus | /ˈsɪtəkəs/ | NE to SW: connects Coloë Palus to Fastigium Aryn | From the name of a river in Persis |
| Steropes | /ˈstÉ›roÊŠpiËz/ | From the name of a Cyclops | |
| Styx | /ˈstɪks/ | From the mythical river Styx in Hades | |
| Surius | /ˈsjuËriÉ™s/ | From a river of Colchis | |
| Tanaïs | /ˈtæneɪᵻs/ | From Tanais, an old name for the river Don in Sarmatia | |
| Tantalus | /ˈtæntələs/ | From Tantalus, a mythical king imprisoned in Hades | |
| Tartarus | /ˈtÉ‘ËrtÉ™rÉ™s/ | N to S: connects Trivium Charontis to Titanum Sinus | From Tartarus, a name for the Underworld |
| Tedanius | /tiËˈdeɪniÉ™s/ | From an Illyrian river | |
| Thermodon | /θɛrˈmoʊdɒn/ | ||
| Thoth | /ˈθɒθ/ | From the name of the Egyptian god Thoth | |
| Thyanis | /ˈθaɪənᵻs/ | Possibly an error for Thyamus, the name of a river of Epirus | |
| Titan | /ˈtaɪtən/ | From the Titans, the relatives and opponents of the gods | |
| Tithonius | /taɪˈθoʊniəs/ | ||
| Triton | /ˈtraɪtɒn/ | NW to SE: connects Nepenthes canal to the W end of Mare Cimmerium | From the seadeity Triton |
| Tyndis | /ˈtɪndᵻs/ | ||
| Typhon | /ˈtaɪfɒn/ | E to W: connects Deltoton Sinus to Sirbonis Palus | |
| Typhonius | /taɪˈfoʊniəs/ | ||
| Ulysses | /juËˈlɪsiËz/ | From Ulysses, the Roman name for Odysseus | |
| Uranius | /juËˈreɪniÉ™s/ | E to W: connects Lunae Lacus to Ascraeus Lacus | |
| Xanthus | /ˈzænθəs/ | N to S: connects Mare Tyrrhenum to Promethei Sinus, between Eridania and Ausonia | Means "yellow" |
| Xenius | /ˈziËniÉ™s/ | NE to SW: connects Arethusa Lacus to Dirce Fons |
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