List of Texas hurricanes (1980–present)

Aerial view of damaged coastal property on the Bolivar Peninsula.
Damaged property caused by Hurricane Ike

From 1980 to the present, at least 70 tropical or subtropical cyclones affected the U.S. state of Texas. According to David Roth of the Weather Prediction Center, a tropical cyclone makes landfall along the coastline about three times every four years, and on any 50 mi (80 km) segment of the coastline a hurricane makes landfall about once every six years.[1]

The most active month is September, with 21 total storms, while no recorded storms have affected Texas during the months of December through May. While the most intense storm in terms of barometric pressure is Hurricane Allen in 1980, Hurricane Ike in 2008 caused the most fatalities and damages, with $19.3 billion in Texas and $37.6 billion in total damages and 84 deaths.[nb 1] The first storm to impact the state during the period is also Hurricane Allen in August 1980, with the most recent being Tropical Storm Bill in June 2015. In terms of wind speed, Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest storm to affect the state, producing maximum sustained winds equivalent to Category 4 status on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.[1]

During the 1980s, multiple tropical cyclones affected the state, of which six made landfall as hurricanes; three made landfall as major hurricanes.[1][nb 2] Hurricane Alicia is the most destructive hurricane of the decade, severely impacting the Greater Houston area. All three major hurricanes that impacted Texas during the 1980s were later retired by the World Meteorological Organization.[3] In contrast to the 1980s, during the 1990s, only one tropical cyclone, Hurricane Bret, made landfall on the Texas coast.[4] In the next decade five hurricanes would make landfall on Texas.[1] Hurricane Ike, the costliest hurricane to impact Texas, makes landfall during the decade. Other notable systems include Tropical Storm Allison and Hurricane Rita.

1980–1984

Infrared image of Hurricane Allen as it was just east of the Texas–Mexico border. While it has many banding features, it does not have an eye.
Hurricane Allen (1980) near landfall
Infrared image of Hurricane Alicia as it makes landfall on the Texas coast. It has a pronounced, albeit small eye feature.
Hurricane Alicia (1983) at landfall

1985–1989

Satellite image of a tropical cyclone in the Western Caribbean Sea. It covers a large area and has a pinhole eye.
Hurricane Gilbert at peak intensity

1990–1994

Satellite image of a tropical cyclone in the northeast Pacific ocean. The hurricane has a ragged eye.
Hurricane Lester (1992) off Baja California

1995–1999

2000–2004

Aerial helicopter image of flooding in an urban area at the confluence of two bayous. The water level nearly reaches treetops.
Flooding in Houston caused by Tropical Storm Allison (2001)

2005–2009

Image of an uprooted tree located between a house and a road
Damage from Hurricane Humberto (2007)
Satellite image of a large tropical cyclone which has a developing eye feature
Hurricane Ike (2008) in the Gulf of Mexico

2010–present

Satellite image of a tropical cyclone well inland. The storm is still very organized and has banding features.
Tropical Storm Hermine (2010) over Texas

Monthly statistics

Number of recorded storms affecting Texas
Month Number of storms
June
8
July
7
August
19
September
23
October
13
November
2

Deadly storms

The following is a list of hurricanes with known deaths in the state.

Hurricanes causing known deaths in Texas
Name Year Number of deaths Notes
Ike 2008 84 [1]
Rita 2005 59 [1]
Allison 2001 23 [88]
Alicia 1983 13 [1]
Charley 1998 13 [72]
Erin 2007 9 [112]
Allen 1980 7 [1]
Eight 1981 5 [12]
Norma 1981 5 [14]
Hermine 2010 5 [131]
Bonnie 1986 4 [1]
Bret 1999 4 [82]
Allison 1989 3 [51]
Jerry 1989 3 [1]
Chantal 1989 2 [1]
Danielle 1980 1 [8]
Arlene 1993 1 [60]
Claudette 2003 1 [95]
Humberto 2007 1 [115]
Odile 2014 1

See also

Notes

  1. All damage totals are in the value of the USD during the storm's year of existence.
  2. A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Texas Hurricane History (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  2. Chris Landsea; Neal Dorst (ed.) (June 2, 2011). "A: Basic Definitions". Hurricane Research Division: Frequently Asked Questions (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane ? What is an intense hurricane ?. Retrieved December 27, 2011.
  3. National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  4. Berger, Eric; Houston Chronicle Publishing Company Division; Hearst Newspapers Partnership, L.P. (September 9, 2007). "Texas spins the wheel in hurricane roulette / After a lull that began in 1989, the law of averages is not considered favorable for state". The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 National Hurricane Center (1980). Hurricane Allen (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved May 19, 2006.
  6. Albert Ramon; KVUE Television, Inc., (May 13, 2011). "Remembering the 1980 tornado". Retrieved July 6, 2012.
  7. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.
  8. 1 2 National Hurricane Center (1980). Tropical Storm Danielle (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
  9. "Tropical Storm Danielle Strikes Texas". Indiana Gazette (Houston, Texas). Associated Press. September 6, 1980. p. 4. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
  10. Pessilier, Joseph M; National Hurricane Center (1980). Hurricane Jeanne (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 2. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  11. "Summary of Significant Floods in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, 1970 Through 1989". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  12. 1 2 Pattan, John; Slade Jr, Raymond M. "Major and Catastrophic Storms and Floods in Texas". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
  13. Federal Emergency Management Agency. "Significant Flood Events as of May 31, 2012". United States Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  14. 1 2 Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Norma (1981) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  15. "Storm Swamps Central Texas". Times Daily (Fort Worth, Texas). October 14, 1981. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  16. Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas Weather Forecast Office. "Hurricanes and Tropical Storms That Have Affected North Texas From 1874 to 2009". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  17. 1 2 Clark, Gilbert B; National Hurricane Center (1982). Tropical Storm Chris (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Roth, David M.; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Tropical Cyclone Rainfall for the Gulf Coast". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  19. 1 2 3 National Hurricane Center (1983). Hurricane Alicia (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
  20. "Hurricane Alicia Heads for Texas". The Gainesville Sun (Miami, Florida). Associated Press. August 17, 1983. p. 1. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  21. "Hurricane extracts 'billion-dollar' toll". Eugene Register-Guard (Galveston, Texas). United Press International. August 18, 1983. p. 1. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  22. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Alicia (1983) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
  23. National Hurricane Center (1983). Hurricane Barry (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
  24. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Tico (1983) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
  25. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (October 1983). "Storm Data – 1983" (PDF). Storm Data 25 (10): 20. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  26. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (September 1984). "Storm Data – 1984" (PDF). Storm Data 26 (9): 20. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  27. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Waldo (1985) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
  28. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Juan (1985) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  29. Clark, Gilbert B; National Hurricane Center (1985). Hurricane Juan (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
  30. 1 2 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (October 1985). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 27 (10): 28. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  31. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Bonnie (1986) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  32. Gerrish, Harold P; National Hurricane Center (1986). Hurricane Bonnie (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
  33. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Tropical Depression Four (1986) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
  34. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Newton (1986) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
  35. Gunther, E B; Cross, R L (1987). "Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1986". Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society) 115 (10): 2507–2523. Bibcode:1987MWRv..115.2507G. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<2507:ENPTCO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  36. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Paine (1986) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
  37. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Roslyn (1986) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
  38. "Rain spreads across South; Northeast chills". The Bryan Times. United Press International. October 24, 1986. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  39. Case, Robert A; Gerrish, Harold P. "Annual Summary Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1987" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society) 116: 939–949. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<0939:ahso>2.0.co;2. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  40. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Unnamed Tropical Storm — August 8–17, 1987 Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  41. Lawrence, Miles B; Gross, James M; National Hurricane Center (1989). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1988". Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society) 117 (10): 2248–2259. Bibcode:1989MWRv..117.2248L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2248:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  42. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (2006). "Tropical Storm Beryl (1988) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
  43. Case, Robert A; National Hurricane Center. Tropical Storm Beryl (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 3. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  44. Avila, Lixion A; Clark, Gilbert B (1989). "Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1988". Monthly Weather Review (PDF) (American Meteorological Society) 117 (10): 2260–2265. Bibcode:1989MWRv..117.2260A. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2260:ATSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
  45. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Tropical Depression 10 (1988)". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  46. 1 2 3 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (October 1985). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 30 (9): 27. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  47. Clark, Gilbert B.; National Hurricane Center. Hurricane Gilbert (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 2. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  48. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Gilbert (1988) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  49. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Tropical Storm Allison (1989) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  50. National Hurricane Center (1989). Tropical Storm Allison (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  51. 1 2 3 Case, Robert A; National Hurricane Center (August 16, 1989). Tropical Storm Allison (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  52. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (June 1989). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 31 (6): 85. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  53. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Chantal (1989)". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  54. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Raymond Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  55. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Jerry Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  56. 1 2 "Rainfall covers state". The Bonham Daily Favorite. Associated Press. October 3, 1990. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  57. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Tropical Depression Two (1991) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  58. Roth, David M; Hydrometrological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Lester (1992) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  59. Pasch, Richard J; Rappaport, Edward N (1995). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1993" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society) 123 (3): 871–886. Bibcode:1995MWRv..123..871P. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0871:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  60. 1 2 Rappaport, Edward N.; National Hurricane Center (1993). Tropical Storm Arlene (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved May 19, 2006.
  61. National Hurricane Center (1993). Hurricane Lidia (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
  62. "Texas reeling from series of tornadoes". The Tuscaloosa News. The Associated Press. September 14, 1993. p. 2A. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
  63. 1 2 3 Liscum, Fred; East, Jeffrey W. (January 1995). "Floods in Southeast Texas, October 1994" (PDF). Houston, Texas: United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  64. National Hurricane Center (1995). Tropical Storm Dean (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
  65. Summary of Tropical Storm Dean (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. 1995. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
  66. Roth, David M; Hydrometrological Prediction Center. "Tropical Storm Gabrielle (1995) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  67. Lawrence, Miles B. "Tropical Storm Gabrielle" (Preliminary Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  68. Roth, David M; Hydrometrological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Isamel (1995) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  69. Tucson Weather Forecast Office. "Hurricane Ismael 1995". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  70. 1 2 "Hurricane Dolly Brings Texas Drought Relief". Los Angeles Times (Houston, Texas). Reuters. August 25, 1996. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  71. 1 2 Allison, Mead A. (1997). "Tropical Storm Josephine damages Texas beaches". Texas A&M University's Department of Oceanography. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  72. 1 2 Rappaport, Edward; National Hurricane Center. "Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Charley". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  73. 1 2 3 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (October 1998). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 40 (9). Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  74. Baro, Madeline (September 11, 1998). "Frances buffets, drenches south Texas Gulf Coast". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. p. 2. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  75. Lawrence, Miles. "Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Frances". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  76. 1 2 Daley, William M.; Baker, D. James; Kelly Jr., John J.; United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (February 1999). "Service Assessment – South Texas Floods October 17–22, 1998" (PDF). Silver Spring, Maryland: United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  77. "South Central Texas October, 1998". Flood Safety. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  78. Lawrence, Miles; Todd Kimberlain; National Hurricane Center. "Preliminary Report Hurricane Bret". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  79. "Preliminary Storm Report...Hurricane Bret". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  80. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Bret (1999) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  81. Federal Emergency Management Agency (August 24, 1999). "Hurricane Bret Disaster Update". United States Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  82. 1 2 "...The Streak is Over — Hurricane Bret Strikes Texas!...". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  83. Roth, David M; Hydrometerological Prediction Center. "Tropical Depression Seven (1999) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  84. Beven, John (Jack) L; National Hurricane Center. Tropical Depression Nine (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  85. 1 2 Stewart, Stacy R (November 28, 2001). Tropical Storm Allison. National Hurricane Center (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  86. NWS Houston/Galveston. "Tropical Storm Allison Floods, June 5–9, 2001". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on September 5, 2006. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  87. 1 2 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Tropical Storm Allison Heavy Rains and Floods Texas and Louisiana June 2001 (PDF) (Service Assessment). United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  88. 1 2 "June 6, 2001 Tropical Storm Allison". Flood Safety Education Project. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  89. Skilling, Tom (April 17, 2006). "Record five retirees from a memorable 2005 hurricane season". Chicago Tribune (Tribune Company). Retrieved July 29, 2012.
  90. Beven, Jack; National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Bertha" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
  91. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Tropical Storm Bertha (2002) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
  92. Stewart, Stacy R; National Hurricane Center. Tropical Storm Fay (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  93. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (September 2002). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 44 (9): 115. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  94. Blood & Traphagan (2003). "Tropical Storm Bill Preliminary Storm Report". Houston/Galveston National Weather Service. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
  95. 1 2 Beven, John (Jack) L; National Hurricane Center (2003). Hurricane Claudette (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  96. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Erika (2003) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  97. Stewart, Stacy R; National Hurricane Center (November 27, 2003). Tropical Storm Grace (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  98. Roth, David; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Marty (2003) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  99. Roth, David; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Javier (2004) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  100. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Ivan (2004) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  101. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Tropical Storm Matthew (2004) Rainfall Totals. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  102. Franklin, James L; Brown, Daniel P; National Hurricane Center (March 10, 2006). Hurricane Emily (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  103. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Emily (2005) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  104. 1 2 Knabb, Richard D; Brown, Daniel P; Rhome, Jamie R; National Hurricane Center (March 17, 2006). Hurricane Rita (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  105. Patrick Martin; World Socialist Web Site (September 28, 2005). "Hurricane Rita causes widespread damage but few deaths". Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  106. "Hurricane Rita Pummels Texas, Louisiana Coast". Associated Press. September 24, 2005. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  107. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  108. Franklin, James L; National Hurricane Center (September 4, 2006). Hurricane John Discussion 29 (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  109. "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  110. Fort Bend (September 18, 2006). "Fort Bend Under Flood Watch As Storm System Blankets The Region". Instant News Network. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  111. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Tropical Storm Erin (2007) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  112. 1 2 Knabb, Richard D; National Hurricane Center (April 7, 2008). Tropical Storm Erin (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
  113. "Storm Events Database – Texas (8/14/2007 – 8/21/2007)". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
  114. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Humberto (2007) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  115. 1 2 Blake, Eric S; National Hurricane Center (November 28, 2007). "Hurricane Humberto: Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  116. 1 2 Pasch, Richard J; Todd B. Kimberlain; National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Dolly" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  117. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.
  118. Tolson, Mike (August 6, 2008). "Parched Central Texas welcomes what's left of Edouard". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
  119. Roth, David M.; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center; National Hurricane Center. "Hurricane Gustav (2008) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.
  120. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (September 2008). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 50 (9): 152. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  121. Heller, Tim. "More storm surge data from Hurricane Ike". ABC Inc., KTRK-TV/DT Houston, TX. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  122. Oren Dorell; Donna Leinwand (September 14, 2008). "Rescuers reach hundreds of Ike survivors". USA Today. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  123. Jason Hanna; Cable News Network (September 18, 2008). "Their house survived Ike, but it's the only one left". Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  124. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.
  125. "Norbert weakens over Mexico". World news briefs. Puerto San Carlos, Mexico: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. October 13, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
  126. "Hurricane Ida Enters the Gulf". BNQT Media Group. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  127. Pasch, Richard; National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Alex" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  128. Buchanan, Mike; Tardy, Alex. "Record Flooding along the Rio Grande River in Laredo on July 8–9th 2010". Corpus Christi, Texas: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  129. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Tropical Depression Two (2010) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  130. Beven, John (Jack) L; National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Depression Two" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  131. 1 2 3 Avila, Lixion; National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Hermine" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  132. "Tropical Storm Hermine Crosses Into Texas". Fox News (Raymondville, Texas). Associated Press. September 7, 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  133. "Tropical Storm Hermine Impacts South Central Texas" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  134. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (September 2010). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 52 (9).
  135. Blake, Eric; Kimberlain, Todd; National hurricane Center (June 30, 2011). "Tropical Storm Arlene Discussion Number Seven". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  136. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (June 2011). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 53 (6).
  137. Brennan, Michael; National Hurricane Center. "Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Don" (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  138. "Tropical system leaves little rain in dry Texas". USA Today (McAllen, Texas). Associated Press. July 30, 2011. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  139. Forsyth, Jim (September 4, 2011). "Tropical Storm Lee's winds stoke Texas wildfires". San Antonio, Texas. Reuters. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  140. Jervis, Rick (April 25, 2012). "Bastrop, Texas, still sees hope seven months after fire". USA Today (Bastrop, Texas). Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  141. Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Hurricane Isaac (2012) Rainfall Totals". Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.
  142. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (August 2012). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 54 (8): 410. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  143. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (September 2012). "Storm Data" (PDF). Storm Data (United States Department of Commerce) 54 (9): 273–. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
  144. National Weather Service Forecast Office Brownsville, Texas (October 4, 2013). "September 2013’s Soaking Dents the Drought...For Most". Brownsville, Texas: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  145. Brown, Daniel; National Hurricane Center (September 2, 2014). "Tropical Storm Dolly Advisory Number Six". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved September 13, 2014. Missing |last2= in Authors list (help)
  146. "Sheriff's Deputy, Oil Field Worker Die in Odile Flooding". September 20, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  147. Stewart, Stacy R. (June 16, 2015). "Tropical Storm Bill Update". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  148. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Corpus Christi, Texas (June 20, 2015). "6 Day Rainfall Totals". NWS Corpus Christi, Texas Graphicasts. Corpus Christi, Texas: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  149. National Weather Service Forecast Office Houston, Texas (June 20, 2015). "HGX Radar Estimated Rainfall". NWS Houston, Texas Graphicasts. Houston, Texas: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  150. "Heavy Rain Caused Flooding in Texas and Along the Gulf Coast". The Weather Channel. 26 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  151. "Houston Residents Told to Avoid Traveling; Texas Roads, Interstates Closed". The Weather Channel. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, May 04, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.