List of U.S. state and territory mottos

Eureka, the motto of California on its state seal

Nil sine numine, the motto of Colorado on its state seal

In God We Trust, the motto of Florida on its state seal

Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono, the motto of Hawaii on its state quarter

Esto perpetua, the motto of Idaho on its state quarter

Crossroads of America, the motto of Indiana on its state quarter

per aspera ad astra, the motto of Kansas on its state seal

Live free or die, the motto of New Hampshire on its state quarter

South Carolina has two state mottos

Freedom and Unity, the motto of Vermont on its state quarter

All of the United States' 50 states have a state motto, as do the District of Columbia and three US territories. A motto is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of an organization. State mottos can sometimes be found on state seals or state flags. Some states have officially designated a state motto by an act of the state legislature, whereas other states have the motto only as an element of their seals. The motto of the United States itself is In God We Trust, proclaimed by Congress and signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on July 30, 1956.^[1] The motto E Pluribus Unum (Latin for "One from many") was approved for use on the Great Seal of the United States in 1782, but was never adopted as the national motto through legislative action.

South Carolina has two official mottos, both of which are in Latin.^[2] Kentucky, North Dakota, and Vermont also have two mottos, one in Latin and the other in English.^[3] All other states and territories have only one motto, except Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, which do not have any mottos.^[4][5] English and Latin are the most-used languages for state mottos, used by 25 and 24 states and territories, respectively. Seven states and territories use another language, of which each language is only used once. Eight states and two territories have their mottos on their state quarter; thirty-eight states and four territories have their mottos on their state seals.

The dates given are, where possible, the earliest date that the motto was used in an official sense. Some state mottos are not official but are on the official state seal; in these cases the adoption date of the seal is given. The earliest use of a current motto is that of Puerto Rico, Johannes est nomen ejus, granted to the island by the Spanish in 1511.^[6]

State and territory mottos

State	Motto	English Translation	Language	Date	Ref.
Alabama	Audemus jura nostra defendere	We dare defend our rights!	Latin	1923	[7]
Alaska	North to the future	—	English	1967	[8]
American Samoa	Samoa, Muamua Le Atua	Samoa, let God be first	Samoan	1973	[9]
Arizona	Ditat Deus	God enriches	Latin	1863	[10][11]
Arkansas	Regnat populus	The people rule	Latin	1907	[12][N 1]
California	Eureka (Εὕρηκα)	I have found it	Greek	1849	[13][N 2]
Colorado	Nil sine numine	Nothing without providence.	Latin	November 6, 1861	[14]
Connecticut	Qui transtulit sustinet	He who transplanted sustains	Latin	October 9, 1662	[15]
Delaware	Liberty and Independence	—	English	1847	[16]
District of Columbia	Justitia Omnibus	Justice for All	Latin	August 3, 1871	[17]
Florida	In God We Trust	—	English	1868	[18][N 3]
Georgia	Wisdom, Justice, Moderation	—	English	1798	[20][21]
Guam	—	—	—	—	[4]
Hawaii	Ua mau ke ea o ka ʻāina i ka pono	The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness.	Hawaiian	July 31, 1843	[22][23][N 4]
Idaho	Esto perpetua	Let it be perpetual	Latin	1890	[24]
Illinois	State sovereignty, national union	—	English	1819	[25]
Indiana	The Crossroads of America	—	English	1937	[26]
Iowa	Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain	—	English	1847	[27]
Kansas	Ad astra per aspera	To the stars through difficulties	Latin	1861	[28]
Kentucky	United we stand, divided we fall Deo gratiam habeamus	Let us be grateful to God	English Latin	1942 2002	[3]
Louisiana	Union, justice, confidence	—	English	1902	[29]
Maine	Dirigo	I lead	Latin	1820	[30]
Maryland	Fatti maschii, parole femine	Manly deeds, womanly words	Italian	1874	[31][32]
Massachusetts	Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem	By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty	Latin	1775	[33]
Michigan	Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice	If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you	Latin	June 2, 1835	[34][35]
Minnesota	L'étoile du Nord	The star of the North	French	1861	[36][N 5]
Mississippi	Virtute et armis	By valor and arms	Latin	February 7, 1894	[37]
Missouri	Salus populi suprema lex esto	Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law	Latin	January 11, 1822	[38]
Montana	Oro y plata	Gold and silver	Spanish	February 9, 1865	[39]
Nebraska	Equality before the law	—	English	1867	[40]
Nevada	All For Our Country	—	English	February 24, 1866	[41][N 6]
New Hampshire	Live Free or Die	—	English	1945	[42]
New Jersey	Liberty and prosperity	—	English	March 26, 1928	[43]
New Mexico	Crescit eundo	It grows as it goes	Latin	1887	[44][N 7]
New York	Excelsior	Ever upward	Latin	1778	[45]
North Carolina	Esse quam videri	To be, rather than to seem	Latin	1893	[46]
North Dakota	Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable Serit ut alteri saeclo prosit	One sows for the benefit of another age	English Latin	January 3, 1863 March 11, 2011	[47][48] [49]
Northern Mariana Islands	—	—	—	—	[5]
Ohio	With God, all things are possible	—	English	October 1, 1959	[50][N 8]
Oklahoma	Labor omnia vincit	Labor conquers all things	Latin	March 10, 1893	[52][N 9]
Oregon	Alis volat propriis	She flies with her own wings	Latin	1854	[55][N 10]
Pennsylvania	Virtue, liberty, and independence	—	English	1875	[56]
Puerto Rico	Joannes Est Nomen Eius	John is his name	Latin	1511	[6][57][N 11]
Rhode Island	Hope	—	English	May 4, 1664	[58]
South Carolina	Dum spiro spero Animis opibusque parati	While I breathe, I hope Ready in soul and resource	Latin	May 22, 1777	[2]
South Dakota	Under God the people rule	—	English	1885	[59]
Tennessee	Agriculture and Commerce	—	English	May 24, 1802	[60][N 12]
Texas	Friendship	—	English	1930	[61]
Utah	Industry	The word industry refers to diligence	English	May 3, 1896	[62][N 13]
Vermont	Freedom and Unity Stella quarta decima fulgeat	May the fourteenth star shine bright	English Latin	February 20, 1779 April 10, 2015	[64][65][66]
Virginia	Sic semper tyrannis	Thus always to tyrants	Latin	1776	[67]
Virgin Islands	United in Pride and Hope	—	English	January 1, 1991	[68]
Washington	Al-ki	By and by	Chinook Jargon	—	[69][N 14]
West Virginia	Montani semper liberi	Mountaineers are always free	Latin	September 26, 1863	[70]
Wisconsin	Forward	—	English	1851	[71]
Wyoming	Equal Rights	—	English	1893	[72]

See also

• List of national mottos
• List of U.S. state nicknames

Notes

1. The motto was originally designated as Regnant populi in 1864. It was changed to Regnat populus in 1907.^[12]
2. Eureka first appeared on the state seal in 1849. It was designated the official motto in 1963.^[13]
3. "In God We Trust" first appeared on the state seal in 1868. It was designated the official motto in 2006.^[18][19]
4. The motto of Hawaii was first used by King Kamehameha III in 1843, after his restoration. In May 1845 it first appeared on the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It was made the official motto of the State of Hawaii on May 1, 1959.^[23]
5. The unofficial motto of the Minnesota Territory was Quae sursum volo videre, I long to see what is beyond, chosen in 1849.^[36]
6. The unofficial motto of the Nevada Territory was Volens et Potens, Willing and Able, which was on the territorial seal approved on November 29, 1861. This was changed to the current motto after statehood.^[41]
7. Crescit eundo was added to the territorial seal in 1882. Ths change was officially adopted by the legislature in 1887.^[44]
8. From 1866 to 1868, the motto Imperium in Imperio (Latin for "Empire within an Empire") appeared on the state seal.^[51]
9. Labor omnia vincit was on the territorial seal of 1893.^[53] It was specified as a feature of the seal in the 1907 State Constitution.^[54]
10. The motto of Oregon was "The Union" from 1957 until 1987, when the original 1854 motto of Alis volat propriis was restored.^[55]
11. The Spanish Crown gave Puerto Rico its coat of arms in 1511. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico officially adopted it on March 9, 1905.^[6]
12. The words "Agriculture" and "Commerce" appeared on the first state seal of 1802. "Agriculture and Commerce" was made the official state motto in 1987.^[60]
13. "Industry" first appeared on the state seal of 1896. It was designated the official motto on March 4, 1959.^[63]
14. The motto of Washington is the only one to be fully unofficial. It is neither on the seal nor designated by the state legislature.

References

1. "History of 'In God we Trust'". U.S. Treasury. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
2. "Seals, Flags, House & Senate Emblems". State of South Carolina. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
3. "Kentucky's State Symbols". Commonwealth of Kentucky. 2008-01-29. Archived from the original on 2008-12-22. Retrieved 2009-02-07. The Latin motto was adopted by HB 857 and is defined by KRS 2.105.
4. Shearer 24
5. Shearer 23
6. "Escudo de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish). Government of Puerto Rico. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
7. "Official Alabama Motto". Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors. Alabama Department of Archives & History. February 13, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
8. "State Symbols". State of Alaska. Archived from the original on July 18, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
9. Sorensen, Stan; Theroux, Joseph. "The Samoan Historical Calendar, 1607-2007" (PDF). American Samoa Government. p. 57. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
10. "Arizona State Seal". State of Arizona. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
11. "History of the Arizona State Seal". Arizona Secretary of State. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
12. "The Great Seal of Arkansas" (PDF). State of Arkansas. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
13. "History and Culture - State Symbols". State of California. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
14. "Colorado State Archives Symbols & Emblems". State of Colorado. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
15. "Sites, Seals & Symbols". State of Connecticut. June 9, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
16. "Delaware Facts and Symbols". State of Delaware. 14 August 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
17. "About DC". District of Columbia. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
18. Shearer 30
19. "What is the state motto of Florida?". State of Florida. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
20. "State Seal". State of Georgia. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
21. "Georgia State Symbols". State of Georgia. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
22. "Hawaii, the Aloha State". State of Hawaii. 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
23. "Hawaii State Motto". NETSTATE.COM. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
24. "Idaho's State Motto" (PDF). Idaho State Historical Society. March 1970. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
25. "Seal of the State of Illinois". State of Illinois. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
26. "Emblems" (PDF). State of Indiana. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
27. "Iowa State Symbols". State of Iowa. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
28. "Kansas Seal". State of Kansas. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
29. "Kids' Page". State of Louisiana. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
30. "Emblems". State of Maine. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
31. "Maryland State Seal - Great Seal of Maryland (reverse)". Maryland State Archives. State of Maryland. April 21, 2005. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
32. "Maryland State Seal - Great Seal of Maryland". Maryland State Archives. State of Maryland. June 17, 2004. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
33. "Massachusetts Facts". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
34. "History of the Great Seal". State of Michigan. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
35. "State Motto". State of Michigan. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
36. "Minnesota State Symbols". State of Minnesota. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
37. "State of Mississippi Symbols". State of Mississippi. Archived from the original on April 29, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
38. "The Great Seal of Missouri". State of Missouri. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
39. "About the State Seal". State of Montana. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
40. "State Seal". State of Nebraska. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
41. "Nevada Information". State of Nevada. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
42. "State Emblem". New Hampshire Almanac. State of New Hampshire. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
43. "The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey". State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on 2009-01-15. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
44. "Great Seal of New Mexico". State of New Mexico. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
45. "New York State Flag and Great Seal of the State of New York". State of New York. March 31, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
46. "The State Symbols". State Library of North Carolina. State of North Carolina. 2009-01-22. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
47. "State Motto". State of North Dakota. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
48. Kingsbury, George. History of Dakota Territory (1915). Retrieved from the Internet Archive 12 May 2014.
49. "House Bill No. 1346". State of North Dakota. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
50. "5.06 State motto.". LAW Writer Ohio Laws and Rules. State of Ohio. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
51. "Great Seal of Ohio". Ohio History. Ohio Historical Society. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
52. Everett, Diana. "State Emblems". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
53. "Grand Seal of the Territory of Oklahoma" (PDF). Chronicles of Oklahoma. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
54. "History of Oklahoma Emblems" (PDF). Chronicles of Oklahoma. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
55. "State Motto Timeline". State of Oregon. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
56. "Symbols". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 2009-01-22. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
57. "Description". Welcome to Puerto Rico. March 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
58. "State Symbols". State of Rhode Island. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
59. "Signs and Symbols of South Dakota". State of South Dakota. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
60. "Tennessee Symbols And Honors" (PDF). Tennessee Blue Book. State of Tennessee. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
61. "Texas State Symbols". Texas State Library. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
62. "Great Seal of the State of Utah". State of Utah. Archived from the original on 2009-03-31. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
63. "Utah State Motto and Emblem". State of Utah. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
64. "491. Coat of arms; crest; motto and badge". The Vermont Statutes Online. State of Vermont. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
65. "S.2" (PDF). Vermont Legislature.
66. Thurston, Jack (10 April 2015). "After Confusion and Controversy, Vermont Gets New Latin Motto". NECN. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
67. "State Symbols, Seals and Emblems". Commonwealth of Virginia. November 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
68. "Legislative Seal". Legislature of the Virgin Islands. Archived from the original on 2008-12-16. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
69. "Symbols of Washington State". Washington State Legislature. Archived from the original on 2007-03-05. Retrieved 2007-03-11.
70. "State Seal of West Virginia". State of West Virginia. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
71. "Wisconsin State Symbols" (PDF). Wisconsin Blue Book. State of Wisconsin. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
72. "Great Seal". Wyoming Secretary of State's Office. Retrieved 2009-02-14.

Works cited

• Shearer, Benjamin F.; Shearer, Barbara S. (2002). State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols (3 ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31534-3. Retrieved 2009-02-15.

External links

• Mottoes of the 50 States from Netstate.com
• State mottos from State Symbols USA