List of defunct retailers of the United States

For defunct restaurants and department (and variety) stores that were formerly a part of this list, please see List of defunct restaurants of the United States and List of defunct department stores of the United States respectively.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Across the United States, a large number of local stores and store chains that started between the 1920s and 1950s have become defunct since the late 1960s, when many chains were either consolidated or liquidated. Some have been lost due to mergers.

Below is a list of defunct retailers of the United States.

Automotive

  • 10,000 Auto Parts – ( - 1990[1]). Midwest; bought by Champion Auto stores[2][3]
  • 4-Day Tire Stores  – A California-based chain of tire stores that had operated between 1969 and 1996 and kept prices low by only opening Wednesday through Saturday.[4][5][6]
  • AllCar  – A Wisconsin-based chain that was acquired in 2000 by CSK Auto and rebranded Checker[7][8]
  • Al's Auto Supply – Chain that operated in Washington, California, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada and Alaska; purchased by CSK Auto. Founded by Abe "Al" Wexler in Everett, Washington in the late 1950s;[9][10] sold 15 store chain to Paccar in 1987;[11] Paccar sold chain (along with Grand Auto) in 1999 to CSK Auto which eventually rebranded stores as Schucks.[12][13][14]
  • Auto Palace  – A New England-based chain that had 112 stores in 6 states before it was acquired and rebranded by AutoZone in 1998[15][16][17]
  • Auto Source  – Founded in Indianapolis by Canadian Tire in 1991 and operated until 1995. Canadian Tire later used a similar concept in Canada to create PartSource.[18][19] Some of the stores were sold to Pep Boys.[20]
  • Auto Works  – Began in Michigan in 1976 by Perry Drug Stores and which grew mostly through acquisitions[21][22] prior to being sold to Northern Automotive in 1988.[23] In turn, Northern became CSK and CSK sold Auto Works to Hahn Automotive in 1993[24] before Hahn finally closed Auto Works in 1997.[25] At its height, there were 252 stores in 8 states.
  • Big A Auto Parts – 142 stores and 10 distribution centers sold in 1998 bankruptcy proceedings to General Parts Inc. and BWP Distributors Inc. ("Carquest"), and Parts Source Inc., ("Ace Auto Parts").[26][27]
  • Big Wheel/Rossi Auto Parts – acquired by CSK Auto in 1999[28][29]
  • Carport Auto Parts – Alabama-based chain that was acquired and rebranded by Advance Auto in 2001[30][31]
  • Champion Auto Stores – Minneapolis-based chain filed for bankruptcy in 1998[32][33]
  • Checker Auto Parts – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc. In 2008, O'Reilly Auto Parts acquired CSK and phased-out the Checker brand.[34]
  • Chief Auto Parts – acquired and rebranded by AutoZone in 1998[35][36]
  • CSK Auto – based in Phoenix, Arizona with stores nationwide; bought by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008[37][38]
  • Discount Auto – Florida-based chain that was purchased and rebranded by Advance Auto in 2002[39][40]
  • Fleenor Auto Supply – Founded in 1926 as Fleenor Auto Parts in Alexandria, Indiana. Fleenor Auto Supply grew into a 50 store chain before it was acquired by the 11-store chain Auto Works in 1983. Auto Works rebranded the stores to FAS Auto Works and finally to Auto Works.[21][23][41]
  • Grand Auto – A California-based chain that originally started in a World War 2 surplus bus in Oakland in 1945 by 3 war veterans, Irving Krantzman, Max Brown, and Sam Garfinkle;[42] first physical store was open in San Lorenzo in 1946;[43] company was sold to Paccar in 1988;[11][44][45] Paccar sold chain (along with Al's Auto Supply) in 1999 to CSK Auto which eventually rebranded stores as Schucks or Kragen.[12][13][14] Also known as Grand Auto Stores and Grand Auto Supply.
  • Guarantee Auto Stores – An Indianapolis-based chain founded in 1916 that operated 77 stores in 4 states prior to its merger with Nationwise Automotive of Columbus, OH in 1988.[46][47][48]
  • Kragen Auto Parts – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc.; acquired by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008 and brand phased out[49]
  • Murray's Discount Auto Stores – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc. in 2005;[50][51] acquired and rebranded by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008[52][53]
  • Nationwise Automotive – a Columbus, Ohio-based chain founded in 1963 that went bankrupt in 1995.[54][55] Most of the stores were acquired by the Parts America division of Western Auto and the rest by AutoZone.[48][56]
  • Oklahoma Tire & Supply Company – founded in 1918 by three brothers in Oklahoma; filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 in 1988 and ceased operation shortly after.[57][58]
  • Parts America – Sears created the Parts America store concept in 1995 and tried to convert full service Western Auto stores into the parts only Parts America brand until it sold the stores to Advance Auto Parts in 1998.[59][60][61] Upon merger, Parts America stores were rebranded Advance Auto Parts and the website partsamerica.com became a web only store for Advance Auto Parts. With financial backing from Sears, Advance Auto Parts decided to make the partsamerica.com into a portal for web purchasing of auto parts as part of a joint venture with CSK Auto.[62] The website appeared to have been deactivated by 2009.[63]
  • Rose Auto Parts – Florida-based chain with 66 stores in the state was purchased and converted by Discount Auto in 1998[64][65]
  • Schucks Auto Supply – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc.; acquired by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008[66]
  • Super Shops – filed for bankruptcy in 1998[67][68]
  • Trak Auto – Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and West Coast; founded by Robert Haft (Crown Books) in 1981; purchased and rebranded by Advance Auto Parts in 2002[69][70]
  • Western Auto – nationwide, once had 1,800 locations, purchased by Sears in 1987[71][72] and sold to and rebranded by Advance Auto Parts in 1998[73][74]
  • Wheels Discount Auto – (owned by Fays Inc Fay's Drug and Paper Cutter) - acquired and rebranded by Parts America in 1995,[75][76][77][78] subsequently purchased by Advance Auto Parts

Camping, sports or athletic stores

Catalog showrooms

Clothing, shoe and specialty stores

  • A&N Stores - a regional chain of Army-Navy surplus stores that later sold sportswear and footwear, A&N ceased operations in 2008.[102][103]
  • Anchor Blue - Youth-oriented mall chain, founded in 1972 as Miller's Outpost. The brand had 150 stores at its peak, predominantly on the West Coast. Anchor Blue declared bankruptcy in 2009 and shuttered more than 50 stores, and gradually shrank to include stores solely in California. It went bankrupt once more in 2011, with the remaining stores closed before Easter of that year.[104]
  • Anderson-Little - men's specialty retailer originally associated with a large Massachusetts-based men's clothing manufacturer; also known as Anderson Little-Richman Brothers; owned for many years by F. W. Woolworth Company. Ceased operations in 1998,[105][106][107][108][109][110] revived as a small online retailer in 2008.[105]
  • Arden B. - A juniors store focused on trendy dresses and clubwear, launched by Wet Seal in 1998. Store count dwindled in the late 2000s, the brand went entirely out of business in 2014.[111]
  • Body Central - A juniors' store focusing on fast-fashion; experienced rapid expansion in the 2000s after an IPO, only to default on $18 million in debt and go bankrupt in 2014.[112]
  • Contempo Casuals/Petite Sophisticate - A duo of juniors brands established by Neiman Marcus that grew to more than 230 mall locations. Competitor Wet Seal purchased the brands in 1996 and gradually converted them to Wet Seal locations.
  • County Seat - Founded in 1973, the denim-focused mall retailer expanded in the 1980s to nearly 500 stores. It filed for bankruptcy in 1996 and shuttered stores, and another bankruptcy in 1999 put the company out of business.[113]
  • Delia's - founded in 1993 as a juniors' clothing catalog, Delia's (stylized as dEliA*s) expanded to more than 100 physical locations before cheaper competitors sent it to bankruptcy in 2014.[114] Reopened in 2015 as an online retailer.
  • El Bee Shoes - a shoe store spinoff of the Elder-Beerman department store chain. The brand was liquidated in 1996.[115][116][117][118]
  • Fashion Bug - plus-size women's clothing retailer that once spanned more than 1000 stores. Parent company Charming Shoppes, which owned other plus-size retailers including Lane Bryant, shuttered the brand in early 2013.
  • Gadzooks - Founded in 1983 as a T-shirt store, Gadzooks grew to a 250-store mall fashion retailer before making an ill-advised decision to discontinue menswear. The company was purchased by competitor Forever 21 out of bankruptcy in 2005, with its stores either closed or converted to F21 formats.
  • Gottschalks - Founded in 1904, this middle-market regional department store was once the largest independently owned, publicly traded department store in the United States. Bankruptcy claimed the brand in 2009.[119]
  • Harold's – Founded in 1948 in Norman, Oklahoma, and liquidated through bankruptcy in 2008.[120]
  • Harry Levinson's – Indianapolis-based men's clothing chain that went bankrupt in 1995.[121][122][123]
  • J. Brannam – a unit of the F. W. Woolworth Company established in 1979 that operated primarily in the southern U.S.;[124] closed in 1985[125]
  • Jay Jacobs – Seattle-based clothier founded in 1941 and closed in 1999
  • 'Judy's – women's clothing retail chain founded in 1946[126] and sold in 1989 to Laws International Holdings Ltd.; entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection from 1992 to early 1993. Larry Hansel/Westridge Partners purchased the 50 remaining stores in 1993 but the chain, including Hansel's Rampage Clothing went bankrupt by 1997.[127][128]
  • Kids "R" Us - A division of Toys "R" Us, created in 1983 to sell children's and preteen clothing; it folded in 2003.
  • Kinney Shoes – manufacturer and retailer established in 1894 and purchased by F.W. Woolworth in 1963
  • Kleinhans – a men's clothier in Buffalo, New York that operated from 1893 until 1992
  • Klopfenstein's – a men's clothier in the Seattle-Tacoma area founded in 1918 and in operation until 1992[129]
  • Martin + Osa - Established in 2006 as the more mature counterpart to American Eagle Outfitters, the chain grew to 28 stores before millions in losses forced its parent company to discontinue it. The brand's stores and e-commerce site disappeared in 2010.
  • Merry-Go-Round - The precursor to today's "Fast-Fashion" brands, Merry-Go-Round had more than 500 locations during its heyday in the 1980s. It went bankrupt in 1995.[130]
  • Mervyn's - A California-based regional department store founded in 1949. Mervyn's ill-fated expansion out of West Coast markets in the months before a recession sent the company into bankruptcy in 2008.[131][132]
  • Paul Harris - women's retailer based in Indianapolis-Started in 1952. Filed for bankruptcy protection in 1991 and again in 2000 only to close all stores in Spring of 2001.[133]
  • Raleigh's – also known as Raleigh Haberdasher, was a men's and women's clothing store in Washington, D.C. from 1911 to 1992
  • Richman Brothers – men's specialty store and manufacturer based in Cleveland, Ohio; in 1969, it became a division of F. W. Woolworth Company along with its Anderson Little stores, and operated until the division became unprofitable and was closed in 1992.[134][135]
  • Robert Hall – Clothing store that existed from 1938 to 1977. At its peak, the store had locations in both New York City and Los Angeles. In addition, the firm invented the big box concept where all non-clothing lines were leased by other retailers.
  • Rogers Peet – New York City based men's clothing retailer established in late 1874. Among the chain's innovations: Rogers Peet showed actual merchandise in their advertising, advertised fabric types on merchandise, and put price tags on merchandise. The chain went belly-up in 1981.
  • Roos/Atkins - a San Francisco menswear retailer formed in 1957 and expanded throughout the Bay Area in the 60s. The brand went into decline in the 1980s and ceased operations by 1995.
  • Ruehl No.925 – concept brand launched by Abercrombie & Fitch in 2004; poor sales and operating losses led to A&F ceasing operations of Ruehl in early 2010.
  • Sagebrush – Casual wear retailer operated by Meijer from the mid 1970s until it was sold off in 1988.
  • The Sample – Western New York based retailer founded in Buffalo in 1928 when its founder brought a sample set of 48 dresses back from New York City. At its peak, the retailer was noted for its semi-annual clearance known as the Pup Sale. The demise of The Sample was in 1991 following the death of the chain's chairman a year earlier.
  • Sibley's Shoes – Was a show retailer founded by Harry Rosenfield in 1920. Sibley's had locations in Michigan and Ohio and closed in 2003 when the company's executives decided to not save the company.
  • Sycamore Shops – a boutique founded by L.S. Ayres in 1968;[136] later sold to managers when parent company divested; filed for bankruptcy in 1996.[137]
  • Thom McAn – Shoe retailer founded in 1922 and had over 1,400 stores at its peak in the 1960s. In 1996, the parent company decided to close all remaining stores, but Thom McAn footwear is available in Kmart stores.[138]
  • Today's Man - A men's suiting store that began in the 1970s and expanded rapidly in the 1980s and 90s. Overexpansion brought the brand to bankruptcy in 1996.[139]
  • Warner Brothers Studio Store - Meant to be the WB answer to the rapidly growing Disney Store, the Warner Bros. Studio Stores sold collectibles and apparel based around WB properties including Looney Tunes and DC Comics. The Studio Stores were a victim of the AOL-Time Warner merger, and shuttered operations in 2001.[140]
  • Yellow Front Stores - Founded in the 1950s as an army surplus store, Yellow Front transitioned to become a camping gear retailer before going bankrupt in 1990.

Department and discount stores

Drug stores

A–M

N–Z

Electronics stores

Five-and-dime; variety stores

Furniture stores

Grocery stores and supermarkets

A–M

N–Z

Home decor and craft stores

Home improvement

Music, booksellers, and video stores (records, tapes, books, CDs, DVDs, etc.)

A–M

N–Z

  • National Record Mart – a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based company that went bankrupt in 2002[401][402][403][404][405]
  • Odyssey Records & Tapes – bankrupted in 1979[406][407]
  • On Cue – a music, book and video store concept for small towns that was tested by Musicland; first store opened in 1992[391] Stores were converted to Sam Goody in 2002[392][408][409][410] or liquidated.
  • Oranges Records & Tapes – Chicago chain; owned at one time by JR's Music Shop of Chicago[411]
  • Peaches Records and Tapes – a Los Angeles-based chain that went bankrupt in 1981[412][413]
  • Quonset Hut Records & More – Ohio-based company went bankrupt in 2005[414][415][416]
  • Rainbow Records – Oklahoma City; closed in 2007[417]
  • Record & Tape Outlet (later CD & Tape Outlet) – Ohio; closed in 1990[418][419]
  • Record Bar – malls; acquired by Blockbuster in 1993 and converted[420]
  • The Record Shops at TSS – was a division of Record World that was located within Times Square Stores until the latter declared bankruptcy[421][422]
  • Record Town – store name changed to FYE by parent company Trans World Entertainment
  • Record World – company also operated The Record Shops at TSS; was purchased by W.H. Smith after declaring bankruptcy in 1992; rebranded The Wall the following year[423][421][422]
  • Rose Records – Chicago, Illinois, area, was acquired by Tower Records from its owner and founder in 1995[424][425][426][427][428]
  • Sam Goody – most locations converted to FYE, but a small number of locations continue to operate as Sam Goody
  • Sound Warehouse – acquired by Blockbuster Inc. after 1992 bankruptcy; subsequently converted some stores to Blockbuster Music, the remainder to Blockbuster Video[396][429]
  • Spec's Music – Florida-based chain; last store closed in 2013[430]
  • Square Circle – store concept created in 1986 by Record World[431]
  • Strawberries – Massachusetts; acquired by Live Entertainment in 1989 just before Live Entertainment's founder and CEO was murdered by his sons; became independent in 1994 taking the other Live Entertainment's music store chains with it; acquired by Trans World in 1997 after declaring bankruptcy; rebranded f.y.e. in 2001[432][433][434][435][436]
  • Streetside Records – a St. Louis-based chain founded in 1971; acquired by Trans World Entertainment in 2003; last store closed in January 2013[377][437][438]
  • Tape World – a store concept created by Trans World Entertainment in 1979 but later replaced by its f.y.e. store concept[378]
  • Tower Records – founded in 1960 in Sacramento, California; all retail stores were liquidated in 2006[439] and the name was purchased for use as an online-only retailer
  • Turtle's Records & Tapes – acquired by Blockbuster in 1993 and converted[420]
  • Vinyl Fever – small Florida record store chain; went out of business January 2011[440][441]
  • Virgin Megastores – all Megastores in the United States were closed in 2009[442] and the remaining airport stores closed a few years later
  • Waldenbooks  – in 2011 the chain was liquidated after parent filed for bankruptcy[443]
  • The Wall – chain was originally created by W.H. Smith which later sold it to Camelot Music in 1997 and Trans World Entertainment, then purchased Camelot the following year[444][445][446]
  • Wall To Wall Sound & Video – acquired by W.H. Smith in 1990 after Wall To Wall declared bankruptcy in 1990; parent company rebranded stores The Wall in 1993[444][447][448]
  • Wallichs Music City – the largest music retailer on the West Coast during the 1950s and 1960s; founded by Glenn Wallich, founder of Capitol Records; had stores in California and briefly in Arizona before it went bankrupt in 1977[449][450][451][452][453][454]
  • Waves Music – store concept launched by National Record Mart in 1987; stores closed when parent company declared bankruptcy in 2002[404]
  • Waxie Maxie – Virginia; purchased by the parent company of Strawberries in 1989; became part of the new Strawberries in 1994; acquired by Trans World in 1997 after bankruptcy[432][433][434][455]
  • Wee Three – Philadelphia chain acquired by W.H. Smith in 1989; later rebranded The Wall in 1993[444][456][457]
  • Wherehouse Music – filed for bankruptcy in 2003;[458][459] Trans World took control of 111 stores and liquidated nearly a third of them[460][461]


  • Yesterday's Records/Discs – Wichita, Kansas; closed in 2004[462][463][464]

Office-supply stores

  • Burrows Brothers (known as Burrows from 1944–88) – Ohio, with 45 stores in 1979; last stores closed by 1993[465]
  • Chandler's – Evanston, Illinois, and Chicago, Illinois, suburbs; closed in 1995[466][467]
  • J. K. Gill Company – Pacific Northwest; stationery, office supplies, books; all stores closed by 1999[468]
  • McWhorter's – San Francisco Bay Area chain that closed in 2001[469][470]
  • Office Warehouse – a Virginia-based office supply chain that was acquired and absorbed by Office Max in 1992[471]
  • Paper Cutter – New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania; division of Fay's Drug until it was sold in 1996 to a party supply store;[472][473] the party supply store had to declare bankruptcy in 1998 shortly after converting all of the acquired stores to the party supply format[474]
  • Tam's Stationers – Los Angeles, California; liquidated in 1996 after filing for bankruptcy for the second time[475][476][477]
  • Ulbrich's – Buffalo, New York, filed for bankruptcy in 1990[478][479][480]

Toy stores

Warehouse clubs and membership department stores

  • American Wholesale Club – started with first store in Plano, Texas in 1985 by Jeffrey Zisk with financial assistance from Ross Perot; locations in Dallas and Chicago areas;[508][509][510] closed by 1989[511]
  • Club Wholesale – located in Oregon, Idaho, and Montana; closed in 1990[512][513]
  • E.J. Korvette – gradually liquidated by 1981 after declaring bankruptcy[514]
  • Edwards
  • Fedco
  • GEM – initially called Government Employees Mutual Stores, and later Government Employees Mart before settling on G. E. M. Membership Department Stores, a profit-making company that was aimed at the governmental employees market; first store was opened in Denver in 1956;[515] after several expansions, the company filed for bankruptcy in 1974[516]
  • Gemco – acquired by Lucky Stores in 1961;[517] closed in 1986 and stores sold to Target;[518] known as Memco in the Chicago and Washington, D.C. metropolitan areas
  • G.E.S. – officially called Government Employee Store Co.; a membership store that was started by a former G.E.M. executive; opened its first store in Louisville in 1960;[519] the chain (along with sister company Govco) was sold to G.E.M. in 1970 and rebranded[520]
  • GEX – officially called Government Employee Exchange; a membership store subsidiary of the retailer National Bellas Hess that was geared toward personal sales to governmental employees and military personnel; first store was opened in Oklahoma City in 1960;[521] stores were liquidated when the parent company, National Bellas Hess, filed for bankruptcy in 1976[522]
  • Govco – founded in Indianapolis as a membership store in 1959;[523] acquired by Retail Centers of the Americas, a division of National Industries in 1965;[524] opened more stores in Indianapolis;[525] the chain (along with sister company GES) was sold to G.E.M. in 1970 and rebranded[520]
  • Gov Mart – Seattle-based chain founded by Joe Diamond[526][527][528] in 1956; sold to Big C Stores, Inc., parent of Baza'r in 1964[529]
  • Metro Warehouse Club – Chicago, Illinois area; acquired by BJ's Wholesale Club in 1986[530]
  • Pace Membership Warehouse – founded in Denver in 1983 and quickly expanded to the East Coast;[531][532] acquired by Kmart in 1989;[533][534] later sold to Sam's Club in 1993 and rebranded[535][536]
  • Price Club – merged with Costco in 1993 and rebranded.[537][538]
  • Price Savers – purchased by K-mart in 1991 and converted to PACE[539][540]
  • Source Club – owned by Meijer (Grand Rapids, Michigan); first store opened in 1991; all stores closed in 1994[541][542]
  • Warehouse Club, Inc. – became bankrupt in 1995[543][544]
  • Wholesale Club, Inc. – purchased by Sam's Club in 1991[545][546]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wascoe Jr., Dan (March 4, 1990). "10,000 Auto Parts leaves many losers". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. 01D. (subscription required (help)).
  2. ↑ Owen, Linda (March 31, 1990). "GD Auto can buy 10,000 Auto Parts' Assets, Judge Says". St. Paul Pioneer Press (MN) (NewsBank). p. 10C Business. Retrieved January 29, 2012.(subscription required)
  3. ↑ Wascoe Jr., Dan (April 3, 1990). "Champion owners plan to buy assets of 10,000 Auto Parts stores, reopen 10". Minneapolis Star-Tribune (NewsBank). p. 01D.(subscription required)
  4. ↑ O'Dell, John (August 5, 1996). "4-Day Tire Stores Out of Business". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  5. ↑ Johnson, Greg (July 21, 1995). "Donald Carr, 4day Tire Stores Co-Founder, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  6. ↑ Oliver, Myrna (June 24, 1990). "Phil Lansdale; Ad Executive Founded 4day Tire Stores". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
  7. ↑ "CSK Auto Corporation to Acquire All-Car Distributors, Inc.". The Auto Channel. March 13, 2000.
  8. ↑ "CSK Auto Corporation to Acquire All-Car Distributors, Inc.". PRNewswire (Press release). March 13, 2000. Link via ProQuest.
  9. ↑ "Abe "Al" Wexler (Obituary)". The Herald (Everett). May 19–21, 2012.
  10. ↑ Dart, Leland (May 19, 2012). "Abe "Al" Wexler, Founder of Everett’s Al’s Auto Supply Chain Passes". MyEverettNews.com.
  11. 1 2 "PACCAR - Pursuit of Quality". Paccar.
  12. 1 2 "CSK Auto To Buy Paccar's Parts Subsidiary". New York Times. August 24, 1999.
  13. 1 2 "CSK Auto Corporation to Acquire Grand Auto Supply and Al's Auto Supply". The Auto Channel. August 23, 1999.
  14. 1 2 Lane, Polly (August 23, 1999). "Eastside Business -- Paccar To Sell Auto-Parts Unit, Focus On Trucks". Seattle Times.
  15. ↑ "AutoZone acquires 112-store Auto Palace chain". Memphis Business Journal. February 18, 1998.
  16. ↑ "AutoZone To Acquire Auto Palace". PRNewswire (Press release). January 14, 1998 – via The Free Library.
  17. ↑ "AutoZone continues growth with Auto Palace purchase". The Auto Channel. February 1998.
  18. ↑ "A new kind of auto store: Canadian retailer to open first U.S. locations here this summer. (Canadian Tire Corp. Ltd.'s US Division, Car Car USA Inc.)". Indianapolis Business Journal. April 15, 1991 – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  19. ↑ McCarron, Kathy (January 9, 1995). "Canadian Tire Closes Auto Source". TireBusiness.Com.
  20. ↑ "Pep Boys To Acquire Three Auto Source Stores". PR Newswire (Press release). March 5, 1995 – via The Free Library.
  21. 1 2 "Perry Drug Stores to Buy Auto Parts Stores". Los Angeles Times. August 9, 1983. p. E14. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  22. ↑ Byrne, John A. (January 30, 1984). "Mufflers and Mascara". Forbes. Link via ProQuest.
  23. 1 2 "Rite Aid Accelerating Into Auto Parts Retailing With Acquisition Of ADAP". Elsevier Business Intelligence. March 26, 1984.
  24. ↑ "Hahn Automotive Warehouse Inc.: Auto Works to Be Acquired From Northern Retail Corp.". Wall Street Journal. November 1, 1993. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  25. ↑ "Michigan Auto Works stores started sales last Saturday". Argus-Press. August 26, 1997. p. 6.
  26. ↑ "APS Holding to sell 142 Big A Auto Parts stores". New York Times. September 11, 1998.
  27. ↑ Perin, Monica (February 8, 1998). "APS cites troubled auto parts market in bankruptcy filing". Houston Business Journal.
  28. ↑ "CSK Auto Corporation Completes Acquisition of Big Wheel/Rossi Auto Parts Stores". The Auto Channel. July 1, 1999.
  29. ↑ "CSK Auto to buy Big Wheel/Rossi". Milwaukee Business Journal. May 18, 1999.
  30. ↑ Cooper, David (March 16, 2001). "Carport will be sold to Advance Auto Parts". Tuscaloosa News. p. B7.
  31. ↑ "Advance Auto Parts to Acquire Carport Auto Parts Stores". PRNewswire (Press release). March 15, 2001 – via The Free Library.
  32. ↑ "Champion Auto files chapter 11". Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal. May 7, 1998.
  33. ↑ Moore, Jane (October 20, 1998). "Bankruptcy court approves sale of 10 Twin Cities area Champion Auto stores; Midwest Auto Parts deal becomes final.(BUSINESS)". Star Tribune – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  34. ↑ Rigsby, G.G. (February 5, 2009). "Oh yeah: O'Reilly Auto Parts to open in Sylvania". Sylvania Telephone.
  35. ↑ O'Dell, John (May 12, 1998). "AutoZone to Acquire Car Parts Rival Chief". Los Angeles Times.
  36. ↑ O'Dell, John (July 1, 1998). "AutoZone Purchase of Chief Auto Is Complete". Los Angeles Times.
  37. ↑ Fineman, Josh (April 1, 2008). "O'Reilly Automotive to Buy CSK Auto for $528 Million". Bloomberg.
  38. ↑ Bond, Andrew (April 29, 2011). "Can O'Reilly Keep Its Growth Up?". The Motley Fool.
  39. ↑ Sasso, Michael (January 23, 2002). "Discount Auto May Lose 70 Stores; Advance Auto may close the stores as part of its merger". Lakeland Ledger. p. E1.
  40. ↑ "Discount Auto shareholders approve Advance merger". Tampa Bay Business Journal. November 30, 2001.
  41. ↑ "Perry Drug Acquisition". Wall Street Journal. September 13, 1983. p. 2. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  42. ↑ "Gala opening for Grand Auto store". Hayward Daily Review. October 4, 1973. p. 31.
  43. ↑ "Grand Auto opens San Lorenzo store". Hayward Daily Review. December 4, 1969. p. 38.
  44. ↑ "Grand Auto's Sale To Paccar Is Set". New York Times. January 6, 1988. p. D5.
  45. ↑ "Paccar Inc. to Acquire Grand Auto in Pact Totaling $49.2 Million". Wall Street Journal. January 6, 1988. p. 1. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  46. ↑ "Nationwise Auto Parts Set to Purchase Guarantee Auto Stores, Inc.". Press Release. December 23, 1987.
  47. ↑ "Guarantee Auto Stores, Inc. / To be sold to Nationwise Automotive, Inc. of Columbus, Ohio". Indianapolis Star. December 24, 1987.
  48. 1 2 Penticuff, David (January 4, 1988). "Guarantee Auto Fate Unclear As Buyout Negotiations Continue". Indianapolis Business Journal. p. 1. Link via ProQuest.
  49. ↑ Murphy, Melissa (August 9, 2009). "Dixon to take big hit with Kragen's relocation". Hanover Evening Sun.
  50. ↑ "CSK Auto To Purchase Murray's Discount Auto Stores". aftermarketNews. December 1, 2005.
  51. ↑ "CSK Auto Corporation To Purchase Murray's Discount Auto Stores; Revises Full Year Guidance". Business Wire (Press release). December 1, 2005.
  52. ↑ Vellequette, Larry P. (November 19, 2009). "2 area auto parts retailers get new owners". Toledo Blade.
  53. ↑ Duggan, Daniel (August 9, 2009). "New owners to re-brand Murray's auto parts stores". Crain's Detroit Business.
  54. ↑ Walters, Rebecca (June 5, 1995). "Nationwise Automotive crafts turn around plan". Business First. p. 1. Link via ProQuest.
  55. ↑ Walters, Rebecca (August 28, 1995). "Nationwise Chapter 11 filing shifts lawsuits into neutral". Business First. p. 3. Link via ProQuest.
  56. ↑ Schmeltzer, John (October 6, 1995). "Sears May Shift Gears At Western Auto". Chicago Tribune.
  57. ↑ "Chapter 11 Filing By Otasco Inc.". New York Times. November 8, 1988.
  58. ↑ Laval, Kevin (November 8, 1988). "OTASCO Files Bankruptcy Stores Closed, Employees Released". The Oklahoman.
  59. ↑ "CSK Auto and Advance Auto Parts Partner With Sequoia Capital to Launch PartsAmerica.com, Largest Auto Parts Site With National Distribution". Business Wire (Press release). January 10, 2000 – via The Free Library.
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  464. ↑ Foster, John (April 29, 2004). "Yesterday Discs, we hardly knew ye: Store closings mark a shift in a way of enjoying music, life". F5.
  465. ↑ "Burrows". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. June 20, 1997. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
  466. ↑ "Ringing off the hook: Ever since news began leaking out...". Chicago Tribune. February 5, 1995.
  467. ↑ Grumman, Cornelia & Hilkevitch, Jon (January 17, 1995). "A Noteworthy End; Much-storied School-supply Store Calls It Quits After A Century Of Rulers, Pencils". Chicago Tribune.
  468. ↑ Hill, Jim (December 25, 1998). "J.K. Gill will end operation". Oregonian. p. D1. (subscription required (help)).
  469. ↑ Boyce, David (June 13, 2001). "McWhorter's to close; Chain a victim of parent's bankruptcy". Palo Alto Weekly.
  470. ↑ Boyce, David (June 13, 2001). "McWhorter's store to close this summer". The Almanac.
  471. ↑ "Office Max Deal". New York Times. March 26, 1992.
  472. ↑ "Fay's Incorporated Announces Agreement To Sell Paper Cutter Stores". PRNewswire (Press release). June 7, 1996 – via The Free Library.
  473. ↑ "Fay's In Agreement To Sell Paper Cutter". The Daily Gazette. June 8, 1996. p. B11.
  474. ↑ Moore, Deborah (May 18, 1998). "Party store's crash leaves vacant buildings behind". Albany Business Review.
  475. ↑ Johnson, Greg (April 19, 1994). "Costa Mesa-Based Tam's Files Bankruptcy Plan : Retail: The stationery chain blames a dispute with the creditor that financed its photocopiers. No closures are planned". Los Angeles Times.
  476. ↑ "Tam's Chain Emerges From Bankruptcy". Los Angeles Times. May 31, 1995.
  477. ↑ Granelli, James S. & Haycox, Lori (July 20, 1996). "Tam's Files for Bankruptcy Again; Mission Viejo-based chain is back in court more than year after emerging from Chapter 11". Los Angeles Times.
  478. ↑ Wess, Annemarie (April 9, 1990). "Creditors seek to push Ulbrich's into bankruptcy. (Otto Ulbrich Company Inc. fails to provide reorganization plan, creditors want court plan)". Buffalo Business First.
  479. ↑ Wess, Annemarie (July 23, 1990). "Troubled Ulbrich's pledges to make store work. (Otto Ulbrich Inc. stationery stores plans to keep going)". Buffalo Business First.
  480. ↑ Fink, James (September 24, 1990). "Retailing shakeout leaves the stores that adapt. (Western New York retail stores)". Buffalo Business First.
  481. ↑ Jarvik, Elaine (December 9, 1999). "At All Wound Up toy store, customers play, then pay". Deseret News.
  482. ↑ Goldman, Abigail (April 8, 1999). "Borders to Acquire Kiosk Operator All Wound Up". Los Angeles Times.
  483. ↑ Moore, Rex (January 5, 2001). "Borders Warns, Cuts Loose Toy Division: Borders says its fourth-quarter earnings will fall about 10% below expectations, blaming soft holiday sales and lower margins caused by higher promotional spending. The company has also decided to get rid of its All Wound Up toy stores.". The Motley Fool.
  484. ↑ Bryant, Adam (May 8, 1992). "Child World Files for Bankruptcy". New York Times.
  485. ↑ "Interstate Stores Buys Children's Bargain Town". Wall Street Journal. April 2, 1969. p. 4. (subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  486. ↑ "Interstate Gets Bank Loan for Surviving Toys-R-Us Unit". Los Angeles Times. August 2, 1974. p. D15. (subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  487. ↑ "Credit Line Extended to Toys-R-Us". Washington Post. August 3, 1974. p. C7. (subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  488. ↑ "Child World Buys Toy Division". Wall Street Journal. April 14, 1975. p. 3. (subscription required (help)). Child World Inc., said it bought for $3.5 million K.B. Marketing Systems Inc.'s toy division, consisting of nine retail stores under the name Children's Palace. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  489. ↑ "Melville Agrees to Buy Chain of Toy Stores". Los Angeles Times. July 5, 1990.
  490. ↑ "Melville Acquires Toy Store Chain". New York Times. July 4, 1990.
  491. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (May 15, 2015). "F. A. O. Schwarz to Close Its Doors on Fifth Avenue". New York Times.
  492. ↑ Schooley, Tim (February 11, 2002). "Family Toy files for Chapter 11". Pittsburgh Business Times.
  493. ↑ Lindeman, Teresa F. (September 26, 2002). "Family Toy closing book on operation". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  494. ↑ "The Great Train Store files Chapter 11". Dallas Business Journal. February 29, 2000.
  495. ↑ "Great Train Store Co. files For Chapter 11". Daily Gazette. March 1, 2000. p. B12.
  496. ↑ Chase, Randall (December 18, 2008). "KB Toys gets approval for store liquidations". Washington Post.
  497. ↑ "Lionel Will Liquidate, Closing Kiddie City Toy Chain". New York Times. June 3, 1993.
  498. ↑ Warner, Susan (June 2, 1993). "Lionel Going Out Of Business The Parent Of Kiddie City Stores Had Been In Bankruptcy Two Years. It Faced Tough Competition". Philadelphia Inquirer.
  499. 1 2 Ramirez, Anthony (June 15, 1991). "Lionel Seeks Chapter 11 Protection". New York Times.
  500. 1 2 "Lionel's chugs toward Chapter 11 bankruptcy was no fun". Miami News. February 25, 1982. p. 11A.
  501. ↑ Demick, Barbara (June 15, 1991). "The Parent Of Kiddie City Files Chapter 11 Petition". Philadelphia Inquirer.
  502. 1 2 Wood, Robert E. (November 19, 1969). "Lionel Switches From Trains to Retail Stores". Los Angeles Times. p. B18. (subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  503. ↑ Rempala, Jodi (January 19, 2011). "After running a successful business, Alberta Muirhead spent years giving back to Dearborn". Dearborn Press & Guide.
  504. ↑ "Chasing Dreams And Nightmares; Zany Brainy Buying Noodle Kidoodle, Rival Toy Chain". New York Times. April 25, 2000.
  505. ↑ Suris, Oscar (February 15, 1990). "Creditors Move To Have Toy Company Liquidated". Orlando Sentinel.
  506. ↑ Pack, Todd (February 3, 2001). "Warner Signs Off On Studio Stores". Orlando Sentinel.
  507. ↑ "FAO Schwarz owner to again enter Chapter 11". Chicago Tribune. December 3, 2003.
  508. ↑ Lazarus, George (July 21, 1987). "Warehouse Club Rivalry Heating Up". Chicago Tribune.
  509. ↑ Bounds, Jeff (July 4, 2010). "The Ross Perot factor". Dallas Business Journal.
  510. ↑ Bounds, Jeff (June 20, 2010). "D-FW entrepreneurs have benefited from H. Ross Perot's support". Dallas Business Journal.
  511. ↑ Chanil, Debra (November 1989). "Wholesale Club Update". Discount Merchandiser 29 (11). p. 76. However, 3 clubs have closed: American Wholesale Club, Net Cost, and Buyer's Club. Link via ProQuest.
  512. ↑ "Club Wholesale on new course; Will stress office products". Bend Bulletin. August 19, 1990. pp. E–11.
  513. ↑ Howard, Tom (August 15, 1990). "Club Wholesale Will Close". Billings Gazette. p. 1. The Club Wholesale store in Billings and three sister stores will close in early September as the Idaho-based company redirects its retail efforts from general merchandise to office supplies. Link via ProQuest.
  514. ↑ Sloane, Leonard (September 10, 1981). "Accountant Named To Head Korvettes". New York Times. The last of the money-losing Korvettes discount stores was closed Dec. 24, 1980.
  515. ↑ "New Discount Setup For Government Help Is Opened in Denver". Women's Wear Daily 92 (114). June 12, 1956. p. 16. G.E.M., Government Employees Mutual, Denver's first large discount house, carrying both hard and soft lines opened here at 5200 Smith Road. Shopping at the new firm will be restricted to city, county, State and Federal employees and military personnel. Link via ProQuest.
  516. ↑ Levy, Claudia (January 15, 1974). "7 Stores Of G.E.M. To Close: 1 in Richmond Also Included In Decision". Washington Post. p. D7. (subscription required (help)). The parent Parkview-Gem, Inc., of Kansas City, Mo., is being reorganized under a section of the Bankruptcy Act. The nationwide discount chain has incurred loses for several years, and has closed 35 stores during the past year. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  517. ↑ "Supermarket, Department Store to 'Wed'". Los Angeles Times. December 29, 1960. p. B10. (subscription required (help)). Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  518. ↑ Gellene, Denise (October 10, 1986). "Lucky to Close Gemco, Sell Most Stores to Dayton Hudson". Los Angeles Times.
  519. ↑ "79,000-Sq.Ft. Unit Projected by GES For Louisville". Women's Wear Daily 100 (126). June 29, 1960. p. 2. Government Employee Store Co. has been formed as a closed-door membership department store with a 79,000-square-foot operation to open by mid-August at 5200 Crittenden Drive in Louisville, Ky. Eligible for membership will be employees of city, county, state and federal governments; members of the armed forces; employees of public or private schools, universities, or colleges; employees of public or franchised public service agencies; employees of companies which performed substantial work under government contract; and retired or pensioned personnel of the preceding categories. Link via ProQuest.
  520. 1 2 "Parkview-Gem to Acquire Seven GES-Govco Stores: In 4 Cities". Women's Wear Daily 121 (24). August 4, 1970. p. 42. Parkview-Gem has agreed to buy seven GES-Govco Discount Department Stores from National Industries for an undisclosed amount of cash and notes. The units being acquired include two in Louisville, two in Indianapolis, two in Birmingham, and one in Cincinnati. Parkview-Gems operates 39 discount department stores. Jack H. Segell founded the GES chain in 1960. Three years later it merged with National Industries, which is based in Louisville. Link via ProQuest.
  521. ↑ Latham, Luralene (April 9, 1959). "70,000-Sq. Ft. Unit Is Slated by G.E.X. In Oklahoma City". Women's Wear Daily 98 (69). pp. 1, 39. Government Employee Exchange (G.E.X.), the first store in a projected chain, will open a 70,000--square foot store exclusively for Governmental employees and military personnel. Parent company is National Bellas Hess, mail order and retail form of Kansas City and New York. Link via ProQuest.
  522. ↑ "Bellas Hess, unable to produce Chap. XI plan, is ruled bankrupt". Women's Wear Daily 132 (28). February 11, 1976. p. 21. National Bellas Hess, Inc. department store chain was ruled bankrupt by bankruptcy judge John J. Galgay. Subsidiary Bellex Department Stores, Inc., traded as GEX and Bellas Hess. Link via ProQuest.
  523. ↑ "Executive Changes: Govco Plans 5 Units; Cites Insurance". Women's Wear Daily 102 (105). May 31, 1961. p. 14. Govco, founded here in October 1959 Link via ProQuest.
  524. ↑ "Discount News & Ideas". Women's Wear Daily 111 (54). September 16, 1965. p. 28. GOVCO closed-membership discount center attracted crowds during a reopening to celebrate an expansion from 60,000 to 100,000 square feet. GOVCO started here in 1959 and was recently acquired by Retail Centers of the Americas, Inc. Link via ProQuest.
  525. ↑ "GOVCO to Open A Second Unit". Women's Wear Daily 116 (50). March 12, 1968. p. 15. The new store, GOVCO-West, on the city's northwest side, will have 127,000 square feet. Link via ProQuest.
  526. ↑ Eskenazi, Stuart (March 6, 2006). "At age 99, parking-lot mogul reminisces". Seattle Times.
  527. ↑ Humphrey, Clark (2006). Vanishing Seattle; Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 9780738548692.
  528. ↑ "The Insider: Books bare secrets of a parking lot magnate, blogging". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. February 12, 2006.
  529. ↑ "Northwestern Gov-Mart Units". Women's Wear Daily 108 (42). February 28, 1964. p. 17. Big C Stores, Inc., Northwestern regional supermarket and discount store chain, has purchased the two Gov-Mart discount department stores in Seattle and Tacoma. Gov-Mart opened the Northwest's first membership store in 1956 in Seattle. In 1959, it opened a second discount operation, in Tacoma. Big C presently operates Baza'r and 15 supermarkets. Link via ProQuest.
  530. ↑ Tennison, Patricia (February 27, 1986). "Wholesale Club Has Deals--for A Price". Chicago Tribune.
  531. ↑ Uzelac, Ellen (February 1, 1985). "Warehouse chain to open 8 PACE outlets in region". Baltimore Sun. p. 9B. PACE opened its first warehouse in Denver in 1983 and added five others in Atlanta, Denver, Charlotte, N.C., and Tampa and St. Petersburg, Fla., last fall. Alternate Link via ProQuest.
  532. ↑ "PACE's Growth Strategies". Discount Merchandiser 25 (1). January 1985. p. 72. PACE Membership Warehouse (Denver, Colorado) opened its first warehouse club in the summer of 1983, and by the end of last year, 6 PACE units had opened. Link via ProQuest.
  533. ↑ "K mart to Pay $322 Million for Pace Warehouse Inc.". Los Angeles Times. October 17, 1989.
  534. ↑ Barmash, Isadore (October 17, 1989). "K Mart to Purchase Pace Warehouse Clubs". New York Times.
  535. ↑ "Wal-mart Stores Unit to Buy 91 Pace Warehouse Locations". Deseret News. November 3, 1993.
  536. ↑ Strom, Stephanie (November 3, 1993). "Wal-Mart Stores to Buy PACE Warehouse Clubs". New York Times.
  537. ↑ White, George & Kraul, Chris (June 17, 1993). "Price Co., Costco Warehouse Stores to Merge". Los Angeles Times.
  538. ↑ Bryant, Adam (June 17, 1993). "Costco Set To Merge With Price". New York Times.
  539. ↑ "Price Savers to Undergo Name Change". Deseret News. May 8, 1991.
  540. ↑ "K Mart Buys Price Savers". New York Times. December 14, 1990.
  541. ↑ Turcsik, Richard (December 2, 1991). "Meijer to open membership clubs". Supermarket News – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  542. ↑ Anderer, Charles (November 29, 1993). "Meijer to close down its SourceClubs". Supermarket News – via HighBeam Research. (subscription required (help)).
  543. ↑ "Warehouse Club Files Chapter 11". Supermarket News. February 13, 1995. (subscription required (help)).
  544. ↑ Taylor, Marianne (November 12, 1990). "Clubs Hold The Service, Pass On Savings". Chicago Tribune.
  545. ↑ Taylor, Marianne (November 7, 1990). "Wal-mart Acquiring Club Rival". Chicago Tribune.
  546. ↑ "J. F. Geisse, 71, Who Founded Discount Stores". New York Times. February 27, 1992.
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