List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

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This page lists all dukedoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.

Introduction of dukedoms into England

Edward III of England created the first three dukedoms of England (Cornwall, Lancaster, and Clarence). His eldest son Edward, the Black Prince, was created Duke of Cornwall, the first English Duke, in 1337. Two weeks after the Prince's death the dukedom was recreated for his 9 year old son Richard of Bordeaux, who would eventually succeed his grandfather as Richard II. The Dukes of Cornwall are not numbered as part of their style.

The second dukedom was originally given to Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, but upon his death was re-created for the 3rd son of Edward III, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. On that same day Edward III also created a dukedom for his second son, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence. When Richard II reached majority, he created dukedoms for his last two uncles on the same day: Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester.

By the end of the Middle Ages, traditionally marked by the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485, a total of 31 dukedoms (with 16 distinct titles) had been created; yet only those of Cornwall and Lancaster remained. The Duchy of Cornwall was permanently associated with the heir apparent, and the duchy of Lancaster became Crown property.

The first Duke of Norfolk had died in the battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Three decades later the Dukedom of Norfolk was restored to his son by Henry VIII. Thus when Elizabeth I came to power the only living duke was Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. Elizabeth did not create any dukes, and she beheaded Thomas Howard at the age of 36 for plotting to wed Mary, Queen of Scots and overthrow her. By 1572, this class of peerage was extinct, and there were no dukes in the last 30 years of her reign. The extant dukedoms in the Peerage of England were all created (or restored, in the cases of Norfolk and Somerset) in the Stuart period, beginning with James I's re-creation of the Duke of Buckingham in 1623 for George Villiers.

With the possible exception of the Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster (which come attached with great territories), all ducal titles in England have been created and held by royal patent or charter, and not by tenure. As a result, the rules of succession to a ducal title are usually explicitly laid out in the patent, and are not necessarily consistent, nor do they coincide with common inheritance laws on property. For instance, an heir does not usually inherit the ducal title by virtue of being the heir of the last holder, but by virtue of descent from the first person to whom the title was given, so a full-blood daughter of a duke may be superseded by a half-blood male relative who can prove direct descent from the first holder.

Dukedoms in the Peerage of England, 1337–1707

TitleDate of creationSurnameCurrent statusNotes
Duke of Cornwall9 February 1337Plantagenet (originally)extantheld by the eldest son of the monarch who is also heir-apparent to the throne; title currently held by Charles, Prince of Wales. Also includes the Duchy of Cornwall.
Duke of Lancaster6 March 1351Plantagenetextinct 13 March 1361 
Duke of Clarence13 November 1362Plantagenetextinct 17 October 1368 
Duke of Lancaster13 November 1362Plantagenetmerged in crown 30 September 1399the Sovereign is occasionally styled as Duke of Lancaster, regardless of gender. See also Duchy of Lancaster.
Duke of Cornwall20 November 1376Plantagenetmerged in crown 22 June 1377distinct from the 1337 creation, as the holder was not the eldest son of the monarch
Duke of York6 August 1385Plantagenetmerged in crown 4 March 1461forfeit 1415-1425; November 1459–7 October 1460
Duke of Gloucester6 August 1385Plantagenetforfeit 8 September 1397 
Duke of Ireland13 October 1386Vereforfeit 3 February 1388creation for life only.
Duke of Hereford29 September 1397Plantagenetmerged in crown 30 September 1399 
Duke of Aumale29 September 1397Plantagenetdeprived of title 3 November 1399 also Earl of Rutland from 1390 and Duke of York from 1402
Duke of Exeter29 September 1397Hollanddeprived of title 1399 
Duke of Surrey29 September 1397Hollandforfeit 1399 
Duke of Norfolk29 September 1397Mowbrayextinct 17 January 1476title not in use 1399 to 1425
Duchess of Norfolk29 September 1397Plantagenetextinct 24 March 1400for life only
Duke of Lancaster10 November 1399Plantagenetmerged in crown 20 March 1413also Duke of Cornwall
Duke of Clarence2 July 1412Plantagenetextinct 22 March 1421 
Duke of Bedford16 May 1414Plantagenetextinct 14 September 1435 
Duke of Gloucester16 May 1414Plantagenetextinct 28 February 1447 
Duke of Exeter18 November 1416Beaufortextinct 30 December 1426 
Duke of Exeter6 January 1443Hollandforfeit 4 November 1461 
Duke of Somerset28 August 1443Beaufortextinct 27 May 1444 
Duke of Buckingham14 September 1444Staffordforfeit 17 May 1521also forfeit 2 November 1483–November 1485
Duke of Warwick5 April 1445Beauchampextinct 11 June 1446 
Duke of Somerset31 March 1448Beaufortforfeit 3 April 1464also forfeit 1461–1463
Duke of Suffolk2 July 1448de la Polesurrendered 26 February 1493forfeit 1450-1463
Duke of ClarenceJune 1461Plantagenetforfeit 18 February 1478 
Duke of Gloucester1461Plantagenetmerged in crown 22 June 1483 
Duke of Bedford5 January 1470Nevilldeprived of title 1478 
Duke of York28 May 1474Plantagenetextinct 1483also Duke of Norfolk from 1477
Duke of Norfolk12 June 1477Plantagenetextinct 1483also Duke of York
Duke of Norfolk28 June 1483Howard, Fitzalan-Howardextanttitle forfeit 22 August 1485–1 February 1514,
27 January 1547–October 1553,
2 June 1572–September 1660
Duke of Bedford27 October 1485Tudorextinct 21 December 1495 
Duke of York31 October 1494Tudormerged in crown 21 April 1509also Duke of Cornwall from 1502
Duke of Somerset24 February 1499Tudorextinct 19 June 1500 
Duke of Suffolk1 February 1514Brandonextinct 14 July 1551 
Duke of Richmond and Somerset18 June 1525Fitzroyextinct 22 July 1536 
Duke of Somerset16 February 1547Seymourextantforfeit 22 January 1552–13 September 1660
Duke of Northumberland11 October 1551Dudleyforfeit 22 August 1553 
Duke of Suffolk11 October 1551Greyforfeit 23 February 1554 
Duke of York6 January 1605Stewartmerged in crown 27 March 1625also Duke of Albany in Scotland and Duke of Cornwall from 1612
Duke of Richmond17 May 1623Stuartextinct 16 February 1624 
Duke of Buckingham18 May 1623Villiersextinct 16 April 1687 
Duke of Richmond8 August 1641Stuartextinct 12 December 1672 
Duke of Cumberland24 January 1644none (royal prince)extinct 29 November 1682 
Duke of York27 January 1644Stewartmerged in crown 6 February 1685 
Duke of Gloucester13 May 1659Stewartextinct 13 September 1660 
Duke of Albemarle7 July 1660Monckextinct 6 October 1688 
Duke of Monmouth14 February 1663Scottforfeit 15 July 1685 
Duke of Cambridge23 August 1664Stewartextinct 20 June 1667 
Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne16 March 1665Cavendishextinct 26 July 1691 
Duke of Kendal1666Stuartextinct 22 May 1667 
Duke of Cambridge7 October 1667Stewartextinct 8 June 1671 
Duke of Cleveland3 August 1670Villiers, Fitzroyextinct 18 May 1774also Duke of Southampton from 1709
Duchess of Portsmouth19 August 1673Penancoët de Kérouailleextinct 14 November 1734 
Duke of Richmond9 August 1675Lennoxextantalso Duke of Gordon in the United Kingdom from 1876 and Duke of Lennox in Scotland
Duke of Southampton10 September 1675Fitzroyextinct 18 May 1774also Duke of Cleveland from 1709
Duke of Grafton11 September 1675Fitzroyextant 
Duke of Ormonde9 November 1682Butlerforfeit 20 August 1715also Duke of Ormonde in Ireland
Duke of Beaufort2 December 1682Somersetextant 
Duke of Northumberland6 April 1683Fitzroyextinct 3 July 1716 
Duke of St Albans10 January 1684Beauclerkextant 
Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed19 March 1687Fitzjamesunclearit was long thought that the title was forfeit sometime around 1695, but there is no evidence of an attainder. If there was not one, the title is extant
Duke of Cumberland9 April 1689none (royal prince)extinct 28 October 1708 
Duke of Bolton9 April 1689Pauletextinct 25 December 1794 
Duke of Schomberg10 April 1689Schombergextinct 5 July 1719also Duke of Leinster in Ireland from 1691
Duke of Shrewsbury30 April 1694Talbotextinct 1 February 1718 
Duke of Leeds4 May 1694Osborneextinct 20 March 1964 
Duke of Bedford11 May 1694Russellextant 
Duke of Devonshire12 May 1694Cavendishextant 
Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne14 May 1694Hollesextinct 15 July 1711 
Duke of Marlborough14 December 1702Churchill, Spencer, Spencer-Churchillextant 
Duke of Buckingham and Normanby23 March 1703Sheffieldextinct 30 October 1735 
Duke of Rutland29 March 1703Mannersextant 
Duke of Montagu14 April 1705Montaguextinct 16 July 1749 
Duke of Cambridge9 November 1706none (royal prince)merged in crown 11 June 1727also Duke of Cornwall from 1714

Dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland, 1398–1707

TitleDate of CreationSurnameCurrent StatusNotes
Duke of Rothesay28 April 1398Stewartextantheld by eldest son of the monarch who is also heir-apparent; thus also Duke of Cornwall since 1603
Duke of Albany28 April 1398Stewartforfeit 24 May 1425 
Duke of Albanyabt 1457Stewartextinct 2 June 1536forfeit 1479-1482, 1483–1514
Duke of Ross29 January 1488Stewartextinct 17 January 1504 
Duke of Montrose18 May 1488Lindsayextinct December 1495deprived of title 1488-1489, title for life from 1489
Duke of Ross1514Stewartextinct 18 December 1515 
Duke of Albany1541Stewartextinct 1541 
Duke of Albany20 July 1565Stewartmerged in crown 24 July 1567 
Duke of Orkney12 May 1567Hepburnforfeit 29 December 1567 
Duke of Lennox5 August 1581Stuartextinct 12 December 1672also Duke of Richmond in England from 1623 until 1624 and from 1641; sat in the English House of Lords as Earl of Richmond 1613-1623 and as Earl of March 1624-1641
Duke of Albany23 December 1600Stewartmerged in crown 27 March 1625also Duke of York in England from 1605 and Duke of Rothesay from 1612
Duke of Kintyre and Lorne1602Stewartextinct 1602 
Duke of Hamilton12 April 1643Hamilton, Douglas-Hamiltonextantalso Duke of Brandon in Great Britain from 1711; sat in the English House of Lords as Earl of Cambridge in the Peerage of England 1643-1651 and in the British House of Lords as Duke of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain 1782-1963
Duke of Hamilton20 September 1660Douglas (Hamilton)extinct 18 April 1694for life only; husband of the suo jure Duchess of Hamilton
Duke of Albany31 December 1660Stewartmerged in crown 6 February 1685also Duke of York in England
Duke of Buccleuch20 April 1663Scottforfeit 15 July 1685also Duke of Monmouth in England
Duke of Buccleuch20 April 1663Scott, Montagu-Douglas-Scottextantalso Duke of Queensberry from 1810; sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Doncaster in the Peerage of England 1743-1963
Duke of Lauderdale1 May 1672Maitlandextinct 24 August 1682 
Duke of Lennox9 September 1675Lennoxextantalso Duke of Gordon in the United Kingdom from 1876 and Duke of Richmond in England
Duke of Rothes29 May 1680Leslieextinct 27 July 1681 
Duke of Gordon3 November 1684Gordonextinct 28 May 1836sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Norwich in the Peerage of Great Britain 1784-1836
Duke of Queensberry3 November 1684Douglas, Montagu-Douglas Scottextantalso Duke of Dover in Great Britain from 1708 until 1778 and Duke of Buccleuch from 1810
Duke of Argyll23 June 1701Campbellextantalso Duke of Greenwich in Great Britain from 1718 until 1743 and Duke of Argyll in the United Kingdom from 1892; sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Greenwich 1705-1743, and as Baron Sundridge 1782-1892
Duke of Douglas10 April 1703Douglasextinct 21 July 1761created for the Marquess of Douglas
Duke of Atholl30 June 1703Murrayextantsat in the House of Lords as Earl Strange 1786-1957
Duke of Montrose24 April 1707Grahamextantsat in the House of Lords as Earl Graham 1782-1963
Duke of Roxburghe25 April 1707Kerextantdormant 22 October 1805–11 May 1812; Sat in the House of Lords as Earl Ker 1782-1804 and as Earl Innes 1837-1963

Dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain, 1707–1801

TitleDate of CreationGranteeSurnameCurrent StatusNotes
Duke of Dover26 May 1708James Douglas, Duke of QueensberryDouglasextinct 22 October 1778also Duke of Queensberry in Scotland
Duke of Kent28 April 1710Henry Grey, Marquess of KentGreyextinct 5 June 1740 
Duke of Brandon10 September 1711James Hamilton, Duke of HamiltonDouglas-Hamiltonextantalso Duke of Hamilton in Scotland
Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven26 July 1715Robert Bertie, Marquess of LindseyBertieextinct 8 February 1809 
Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull10 August 1715Evelyn Pierrepont, Marquess of DorchesterPierrepontextinct 23 September 1773 
Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne11 August 1715Thomas Pelham-Holles, Earl of ClarePelham-Hollesextinct 17 November 1768also Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne from 1757
Duke of York and Albany5 July 1716Ernest Augustus, Prince-Bishop of Osnabrücknone (royal prince)extinct 14 August 1728 
Duke of Portland6 July 1716Henry Bentinck, Earl of PortlandBentinckextinct 30 July 1990 
Duke of Wharton28 January 1718Philip Wharton, Marquess of WhartonWhartonextinct 31 May 1731 
Duchess of Kendal19 March 1719Ehrenbard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of MunsterSchulenburgextinct 10 May 1743also Duchess of Munster in Ireland, peerage for life only
Duke of Greenwich27 April 1719John Campbell, Duke of ArgyllCampbellextinct 4 October 1743also Duke of Argyll in Scotland
Duke of Manchester28 April 1719Charles Montagu, Earl of ManchesterMontaguextant 
Duke of Chandos29 April 1719James Brydges, Earl of CarnarvonBrydgesextinct 29 September 1789 
Duke of Dorset[1]17 June 1720Lionel Cranfield Sackville, Earl of DorsetSackvilleextinct 29 July 1843 
Duke of Bridgewater[1]18 June 1720Scroop Egerton, Earl of BridgewaterEgertonextinct 8 March 1803 
Duke of Edinburgh[2]26 July 1726Prince Frederick Louisnone (royal prince)merged in crown 25 October 1760also Duke of Cornwall from 1727 to 1751
Duke of Cumberland[2]27 July 1726Prince Ernest Augustusnone (royal prince)extinct 31 October 1765 
Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne[3]17 November 1756Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle upon TynePelham-Holles, Pelham-Clintonextinct 25 December 1988also Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne until 1768
Duke of York and Albany[4]1 April 1760Prince Edward Augustusnone (royal prince)extinct 17 September 1767 
Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh[5]19 November 1764Prince William Henrynone (royal prince)extinct 30 November 1834 
Duke of Northumberland22 October 1766Hugh Percy, Earl of NorthumberlandPercyextant 
Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn22 October 1766Prince Henry Fredericknone (royal prince)extinct 18 September 1790 
Duke of Montagu5 November 1766George Montagu, Earl of CardiganMontaguextinct 23 May 1790 
Duke of York and Albany[6]29 November 1784Prince Frederick Augustus, Prince-Bishop of Osnabrücknone (royal prince)extinct 5 January 1827 
Duke of Clarence and St Andrews[7]20 May 1789Prince William Henrynone (royal prince)merged in crown 26 June 1830 
Duke of Kent and Strathearn[8]24 April 1799Prince Edward Augustusnone (royal prince)extinct 23 January 1820 
Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale[8]24 April 1799Prince Ernest Augustusnone (royal prince)suspended 28 March 1919 

Dukedoms in the Peerage of Ireland, 1661–1868

TitleDate of CreationGranteeSurnameCurrent StatusNotes
Duke of Ormonde30 March 1661James Butler, Marquess of OrmondeButlerextinct 17 December 1758also Duke of Ormonde in England until 1715; the title was generally considered forfeit after 1715, and the third duke, brother of the attainted second duke, who held the title after 1745, did not use it.
Duke of Leinster3 March 1691Lord Meinhardt SchombergSchombergextinct 16 July 1719also Duke of Schomberg in England from 1693
Duchess of Munster18 July 1716Ehrengard Melusine von der SchulenburgSchulenbergextinct 10 May 1743also Duchess of Kendal in Great Britain from 1719
Duke of Leinster[9]26 November 1766James FitzGerald, Marquess of KildareFitzGeraldextantsat in the British House of Lords as Viscount Leinster 1747-1999
Duke of Abercorn10 August 1868James Hamilton, Marquess of AbercornHamiltonextantsat in the House of Lords as Marquess of Abercorn 1868-1999

Dukedoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 1801 to present

TitleDate of CreationGranteeSurnameCurrent StatusNotes
Duke of Sussex[10]27 November 1801The Prince Augustus Fredericknone (royal prince)extinct 21 April 1843 
Duke of Cambridge[10]27 November 1801The Prince Adolphusnone (royal prince) extinct 17 March 1904  
Duke of Wellington[11]11 May 1814Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of WellingtonWellesleyextant 
Duke of Buckingham and Chandos[12]4 February 1822Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, Marquess of BuckinghamTemple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenvilleextinct 26 March 1889 
Duke of Sutherland[13]28 January 1833George Leveson-Gower, Marquess of StaffordLeveson-Gower; Sutherland-Leveson-Gower; Egertonextant 
Duke of Cleveland[13]29 January 1833William Vane, Marquess of ClevelandVane; Powlettextinct 21 August 1891 
Duchess of Inverness[14]10 April 1840Cecilia UnderwoodUnderwoodextinct 1 August 1873 
Duke of Edinburgh[15]24 May 1866The Prince Alfrednone (royal prince)extinct 30 July 1900 
Duke of Westminster[16]27 February 1874Hugh Grosvenor, Marquess of WestminsterGrosvenorextant 
Duke of Connaught and Strathearn[17]24 May 1874The Prince Arthurnone (royal prince)extinct 26 April 1943 
Duke of Gordon[18]13 January 1876Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of RichmondGordon-Lennoxextantalso Duke of Richmond in England and Duke of Lennox in Scotland
Duke of Albany[19]24 May 1881The Prince Leopoldnone (royal prince)suspended 28 March 1919 
Duke of Fife[20]29 July 1889Alexander Duff, Earl of FifeDuffextinct 29 January 1912Letters Patent contained the standard remainder "heirs male of his body". A re-creation in 1900 allowed the first Duke's daughters and their male issue to inherit (see below).
Duke of Clarence and Avondale[21]24 May 1890Prince Albert Victor of Walesnone (royal prince)extinct 14 January 1892 
Duke of Argyll[22]7 April 1892George Campbell, Duke of ArgyllCampbellextantalso Duke of Argyll in Scotland
Duke of York[23]24 May 1892Prince George of Walesnone (royal prince)merged in crown 6 May 1910also Duke of Cornwall from 1901
Duke of Fife[24]24 April 1900Alexander Duff, Duke of FifeDuff; Carnegieextant 
Duke of York[25]5 June 1920The Prince Albertnone (royal prince)merged in crown 11 December 1936 
Duke of Gloucester[26]31 March 1928The Prince Henrynone (royal prince)extant 
Duke of Kent[27]12 October 1934The Prince Georgenone (royal prince)extant 
Duke of Windsor[28]8 March 1937The Prince Edwardnone (royal prince)extinct 28 May 1972 
Duke of Edinburgh[29]20 November 1947Sir Philip MountbattenMountbattenextant 
Duke of York[30]23 July 1986The Prince Andrewnone (royal prince)extant 
Duke of Cambridge[31]29 April 2011Prince William of Walesnone (royal prince)extant 

See also

References

  1. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 5859. p. 4. 11 June 1720.
  2. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 6494. p. 1. 12 July 1726.
  3. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 9634. p. 2. 9 November 1756.
  4. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 9987. p. 1. 29 March 1760.
  5. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 10470. p. 1. 13 November 1764.
  6. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 12598. p. 2. 23 November 1784.
  7. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 13097. p. 377. 16 May 1789.
  8. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 15126. p. 372. 20 April 1799.
  9. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 10676. p. 2. 11 November 1766.
  10. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 15429. p. 1403. 21 November 1801.
  11. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 16894. p. 936. 31 May 1814.
  12. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 17781. p. 59. 12 January 1822.
  13. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 19013. p. 97. 15 January 1833.
  14. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 19842. p. 858. 31 March 1840.
  15. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 23119. p. 3127. 25 May 1866.
  16. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24068. p. 827. 24 February 1874.
  17. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24098. p. 2779. 26 May 1874.
  18. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24283. p. 99. 11 January 1876.
  19. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24977. p. 2677. 24 May 1881.
  20. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25958. p. 4077. 27 July 1889.
  21. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26055. p. 3019. 24 May 1890.
  22. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26276. p. 2082. 8 April 1892.
  23. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26291. p. 3137. 25 May 1892.
  24. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27186. p. 2605. 24 April 1900.
  25. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 31931. p. 6313. 4 June 1920.
  26. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33371. p. 2321. 30 March 1928.
  27. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34094. p. 6365. 9 October 1934.
  28. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34349. p. 8111. 12 December 1936.
  29. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 38128. p. 5496. 21 November 1947.
  30. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 50606. p. 1. 23 July 1986.
  31. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 59798. p. 10297. 1 June 2011.
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