List of elephant species
The list of elephant species includes all known extant and extinct (†) species from the Elephantidae family.
- Subfamilia Elephantinae
- Tribe Elephantini (elephants)
- Genus †Primelephas
- Species †Primelephas gomphotheroides
- Species †Primelephas korotorensis
- Subtribe Loxodontina
- Genus Loxodonta
- Species Loxodonta africana
- Subspecies Loxodonta africana africana (African bush elephant)
- Subspecies †Loxodonta africana pharaonensis (North African elephant)
- Species Loxodonta cyclotis (African forest elephant)
- Species Loxodonta africana
- Genus Loxodonta
- Subtribe Elephantina or Supergenus Elephadon
- Genus Elephas (Eurasian elephants)
- Species Elephas maximus (Asian elephant)
- Subspecies Elephas maximus indicus (Indian elephant)
- Subspecies Elephas maximus maximus (Sri Lankan elephant)
- Subspecies Elephas maximus sumatranus (Sumatran elephant)
- Subspecies Elephas maximus borneensis (Borneo elephant or Asian pygmy elephant)
- Subspecies ? Vietnam elephant and Laos elephant[note 1]
- Subspecies ? †Elephas maximus rubridens (Chinese elephant)[note 2]
- Subspecies †Elephas maximus asurus (Syrian elephant)
- Species †Elephas beyeri
- Species †Elephas celebensis
- Species †Elephas hysudricus (jr synonym = Hypselephas hysudricus)
- Species †Elephas iolensis
- Species †Elephas planifrons (jr synonym = Mammuthus planifrons)
- Species †Elephas platycephalus
- Species †Elephas recki
- Subgenus †Palaeoloxodon
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) creticus
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) creutzburgi
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) chaniensis
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) cypriotes
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) ekorensis
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) falconeri
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) mnaidriensis
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) melitensis
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus
- Species †Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) naumanni
- Species Elephas maximus (Asian elephant)
- Genus †Mammuthus (Mammoths)
- Species †Mammuthus africanavus (African mammoth) †
- Species †Mammuthus columbi (Columbian mammoth) (jr synonym = Mammuthus jeffersonii)[1]
- Species †Mammuthus exilis (Pygmy mammoth)
- Species †Mammuthus imperator (American mammoth)
- Species †Mammuthus lamarmorae (Sardinian Dwarf mammoth)
- Species †Mammuthus meridionalis (Southern mammoth)
- Species †Mammuthus primigenius (Woolly mammoth)
- Species †Mammuthus subplanifrons
- Species †Mammuthus armeniacus (jr synonym = Mammuthus trogontherii, Mammuthus sungari)[2])
- Genus Elephas (Eurasian elephants)
- Genus †Primelephas
- Tribe Belodontini †
- Subtribe Belodontina †
- Genus Tetrabelodon †
- Genus Stegotetrabelodon †
- Genus Stegodibelodon †
- Subtribe Belodontina †
- Tribe Elephantini (elephants)
- Subfamilia Stegodontinae †
- Genus Stegodon †
- Species Stegodon aurorae †
- Species Stegodon elephantoides †
- Species Stegodon florensis †
- Species Stegodon ganesha †
- Species Stegodon insignis †
- Species Stegodon orientalis †
- Species Stegodon shinshuensis †
- Species Stegodon sompoensis †
- Species Stegodon sondaarii †
- Species Stegodon trigonocephalus †
- Species Stegodon zdanski †
- Genus Stegodon †
- Subfamilia Lophodontinae or Rhynchotheriinae†[note 3]
- Genus Anancus †
- Genus Morrillia †
- Tribe Lophodontini (Lophodonty) †
- Subtribe Lophodontina †
- Genus Tetralophodon †
- Genus Paratetralophodon †
- Genus Zygolophodon †
- Subtribe Lophodontina †
- Tribe Cuvieroniini †
- Genus Stegomastodon †
- Genus Cuvieronius †
- Species Cuvieronius hyodon †
- Species Cuvieronius priestleyi †
- Species Cuvieronius tropicus †
References
- ↑ The Paleobiology Database Mammuthus columbi entry accessed on 2009-08-16
- ↑ GuangBiao Wei, SongMei Hu, KeFu Yu, YaMei Hou, Xin Li, ChangZhu Jin, Yuan Wang, JianXin Zhao, WenHua Wang (2010). "New materials of the steppe mammoth, Mammuthus trogontherii, with discussion on the origin and evolutionary patterns of mammoths". Science China Earth Sciences 53 (7): 956–963. doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4001-4.
Notes
- ↑ The elephant population in Vietnam and Laos is undergoing tests to determine if it is a fifth living subspecies.
- ↑ May be classified within the Palaeoloxodon genus.
- ↑ The subfamily Lophodontinae/Rhynchotheriinae, are placed by some authors within the gomphotheres, while others consider them as true Elephantidae.
Further reading
- Wikisource: "The Blindmen and the Elephant" by John Godfrey Saxe
- Shoshani, J. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- External link to national geographics elephant rage episode of Explorer
- Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26 (2003) 421–434
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