List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages

A large number of languages known only from brief mentions are thought to have been Uto-Aztecan languages, but became extinct without being documented. The following list is based on Campbell (1997):133–135.

• San Nicolás (Nicoleño): spoken in California, thought to be a Takic language.
• Giamina/Omomil:^[1] Kroeber (1907) and Lamb (1964) believe Giamina may constitute a separate branch of Northern Uto-Aztecan, although Miller (1983) is uncertain about this. It was spoken in Southern California.
• Vanyume: a Takic language of California
• Acaxee (Aiage): closely related to Tahue, a Cahitan language, linked with Tebaca and Sabaibo.
• Amotomanco (Otomoaco):^[2] uncertain classification, possibly Uto-Aztecan. (See Troike (1988) for more details.)
• Cazcan (Caxcan): sometimes considered to be the same as Zacateca, although Miller (1983) would only consider these to be geographical classifications.
• Baciroa: closely connected to Tepahue
• Basopa
• Batuc: possibly an Opata dialect
• Cahuimeto
• Cahuameto: probably belongs with Oguera and Nio
• Chínipa: may be a Tarahumaran language close to Ocoroni, since colonial sources claim the two are mutually intelligible. It may also instead be a local name for a variety of Guarijío.
• Coca: spoken near Lake Chapala.
• Colotlan: a Pimic language closely related to Tepehuan, or Teul and Tepecano
• Comanito: a Taracahitic language closely related to Tahue
• Concho:^[3] probably a Taracahitic language (Troike 1988). Subdivisions include Chinarra and Chizo; Toboso is possibly related to Concho as well.
• Conicari: a Taracahitic language closely related to Tahue
• Guachichil: possibly a variant or close relative of Huichol
• Guasave: possibly a Taracahitic language, or may instead be non-Uto-Aztecan language possibly related to Seri due to the speakers' maritime economy (Miller 1983). Dialects include Compopori, Ahome, Vacoregue, and Achire.
• Guazapar (Guasapar): probably a Tarahumara dialect, or it may be more closely related to Guarijío and Chínipa. Guazapar, Jova, Pachera, and Juhine may possibly all be dialects of Tarahumara.
• Guisca (Coisa)
• Hio: possibly a Taracahitic language
• Huite: closely related to Ocoroni, and may be Taracahitic
• Irritila: a Lagunero band
• Jova (Jobal, Ova):^[4] most often linked with Opata, although some scholars classify it as a Tarahumara dialect. Miller (1983) considers it to be "probably Taracahitan."
• Jumano;^[5] also Humano, Jumana, Xumana, Chouman (from a French source), Zumana, Zuma, Suma, and Yuma. Suma is probably the same language, while Jumano is possibly Uto-Aztecan.
• Lagunero: may be the same as Irritila, and may also be closely related to Zacateco or Huichol.
• Macoyahui: probably related to Cahita.
• Mocorito: a Tahue language, which is Taracahitic.
• Naarinuquia (Themurete?): Uto-Aztecan affiliation is likely, although it may instead be non-Uto-Aztecan language possibly related to Seri due to the speakers' maritime economy.^[6]
• Nacosura: an Opata dialect
• Nio: completely undocumented, although it is perhaps related to Ocoroni.
• Ocoroni: most likely a Taracahitic language, and is reported to be mutually intelligible with Chínipa, and similar to Opata. Related languages may include Huite and Nio.
• Oguera (Ohuera)
• Patarabuey: unknown affiliation (Purépecha region near Lake Chapala), and is possibly a Nahuatl dialect.
• Tahue: may also include Comanito, Mocorito, Tubar, and Zoe. It is possibly a Taracahitic language, and is definitely not Nahuan.
• Tanpachoa:^[7] unknown affiliation, ^[8] and was once spoken along the Río Grande.
• Tecuexe: speakers were possibly part of a "Mexicano" (Nahua) colony.
• Teco-Tecoxquin: an Aztecan language
• Tecual: closely related to Huichol. According to Sauer (1934:14), the "Xamaca, by another name called Hueitzolme [Huichol], all ... speak the Thequalme language, though they differ in vowels."
• Témori: may be a Tarahumara dialect.
• Tepahue: possibly a Taracahitic language. Closely related languages or dialects include Macoyahui, Conicari, and Baciroa.
• Tepanec: an Aztecan language.
• Teul (Teul-Chichimeca): a Pimic language, possibly of the Tepecano subgroup.
• Toboso: grouped with Concho.
• Topia: perhaps the same as Xixime (Jijime).
• Topiame: possibly a Taracahitic language.
• Totorame: grouped with Cora.
• Xixime (Jijime): possibly a Taracahitic language. Subdivisions are Hine and Hume. Its links with Acaxee are uncertain.
• Zacateco: often considered the same as Acaxee, although this is uncertain. It is possibly related to Huichol, although Miller (1983) leaves it as unclassified.
• Zoe: possibly a Taracahitic language, with Baimena as a subdivision. It is possibly affiliated with Comanito.

References

1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Omomil". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Amotomanco". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Concho". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
4. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Jova". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
5. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Jumano". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
6. Miller 1983.
7. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Tanpachoa". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
8. Troike 1988.

Bibliography

• Miller, Wick R. (1983). "Uto-Aztecan languages". In Ortiz, Alfonso. Handbook of North American Indians 10. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 113–124.
• Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, 4. London and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1. OCLC 32923907.
• Troike, Rudolf C. (1988). "Amotomanco (Otomoaca) and Tanpachoa as Uto-Aztecan languages". International Journal of American Linguistics 54: 235–241. doi:10.1086/466084.