List of films featuring slavery

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Film has been the most influential medium in the presentation of the history of slavery to the general public.^[1] The American film industry has had a complex relationship with slavery, and until recent decades often avoided the topic. Films such as Birth of a Nation (1915)^[2] and Gone with the Wind (1939) became controversial because they gave a favorable depiction. The last favorable treatment was Song of the South from Disney in 1946. In 1940 The Santa Fe Trail gave a liberal but ambiguous interpretation of abolitionist John Brown's attacks on slavery.^[3] The Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s made defiant slaves into heroes.^[4]

Most Hollywood films used American settings, although Spartacus (1960), dealt with an actual slave revolt in the Roman Empire known as the Third Servile War. It failed, and all the rebels were executed, but their spirit lived on according to the film.^[5] The Last Supper (La última cena in Spanish) was a 1976 film directed by Cuban Tomás Gutiérrez Alea about the teaching of Christianity to slaves in Cuba, and emphasizes the role of ritual and revolt. Burn! takes place on the imaginary Portuguese island of Queimada (where the locals speak Spanish) and merges historical events that took place in Brazil, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, and elsewhere.

List of films

The following films and documentaries featuring slavery are listed alphabetically. For movies portraying penal labour see the list here.

Film	Year	Description
12 Years a Slave	2013	The film is based on the true story of Solomon Northup, a free black man who was kidnapped in Washington, D.C. in 1841 and sold into slavery.[6]
500 Years Later	2005	Documentary covering the onset of slavery, its subsequent colonialism, and how Africans are still struggling for basic freedom.
A Woman Called Moses	1978	A film about the life and career of the African American abolitionist and slave escape leader, Harriet Tubman.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn	1939	Mark Twain's title character befriends and takes a raft down the Mississippi River with Jim, an escaped slave hoping to win his freedom. Later films of the book were also made in 1960, 1973 (Soviet Union film Hopelessly Lost), 1974, 1975, 1976 (Japanese anime series), and 1993.
Aferim!	2015	Tragic adventure comedy telling the story of a bounty hunter in pursuit of a Romani (Gypsy) slave in 1835 Wallachia.
Alex Haley's Queen	1993	Based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley, Alex Haley's paternal grandmother.
Amazing Grace	2006	Amazing Grace is a biographical movie about the Abolitionist William Wilberforce's campaign against the slave trade in the British Empire,[7] and features the role of John Newton, the writer of the hymn Amazing Grace, in Wilberforce's campaign.
Amistad	1997	In 1839 a slave revolt takes place on the Spanish ship La Amistad which is heading to Cuba. Two white survivors are ordered to navigate the ship back to Africa, but navigate the ship to the United States instead. The slaves then have to fight for their freedom in court, where they are eventually defended by ex-U.S. president John Quincy Adams.[8]
Band of Angels	1957	Love story set around the US Civil War in which a plantation owner with a past raises a black slave as his son and buys a posh mixed race slave girl.[9]
Battlefield Earth	2000	In this film, humanity has been enslaved by an race known as the Psychlos.[10]
Belle	2013	Story of Dido Elizabeth Belle, a mixed-race child of a British Royal Navy Officer, and her involvement in the legal case of the Zong massacre.
Beloved	1998	A former slave experiences flashbacks to her past as a slave.[8]
Ben-Hur	1925 & 1959	A first century Jewish prince is forced to become a galley slave.
Birth of a Nation, TheThe Birth of a Nation	1915	The film portrays blacks in a racist manner. The Root magazine wrote, "The film dramatizes the rise of the Ku Klux Klan as "saviors" of a civil society, and the main black characters are played by whites in blackface."[8]
The Book of Negroes	2015	A Canadian television series based on the book of the same name.
Boy Slaves	1939	An exposé of child labor. Children entrapped in peonage strike for better food, try to alert the government, but fail in these attempts.
Brother Future	1991	Brother Future is a science fiction movie. A street kid from Detroit, Michigan, is hit by a car, and when he awakes he finds himself a slave in South Carolina in 1822. The boy then has to help his fellow slaves so that he can return to his own time.
Burn!	1969	An agent provocateur is sent to the fictional island of Queimada, a Portuguese colony in the Caribbean to replace the Portuguese administration by a formally sovereign state controlled by white latifundists friendly to Great Britain. To realize this project, the agent persuades the black slaves to fight for their liberation from slavery.
C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America	2004	A faux British documentary of today reviewing American history, operating under the counter-historical premise that the Confederate States of America won the American Civil War, annexed all of the United States in the process, and thereby preserved and expanded slavery throughout the nation.
Django Unchained	2012	In the American South in 1858 a slave is purchased by a German dentist turned bounty hunter, and then agrees to help him track down a small group of dangerous outlaws in exchange for his freedom and the rescuing of his wife from a cruel plantation owner.
Drum	1976	The film, a sequel to Mandingo, features a black slave who falls in love with a plantation owner's daughter. When the owner threatens castration, the slave plans a revolt.[8]
El Cimarron	2007	Based on the life of Marcos Xiorro who conspired and planned a slave revolt in Puerto Rico in 1821.
Enslavement: The True Story of Fanny Kemble	2000	The film depicts the story of British actress and abolitionist Fanny Kemble, who becomes horrified by the treatment of her husband's enslaved people. Fanny later publishes her journals and their first-hand accounts of slavery, helping influence the British government's decision to withhold support of the Confederacy during the American Civil War.[11][12]
Fiddlers Three	1944
The Foxes of Harrow	1947	Covering approximately the years 1827–1837, an illegitimate son of an Irish aristocratic family comes to America. He is a gambler and scoundrel who acquires a large plantation with many slaves, and builds an empire in antebellum New Orleans. The movie was the first based upon a book written by an African-American writer.[8]
Frederick Douglass and the White Negro	2008	A documentary telling the story of ex-slave, abolitionist, writer and politician Frederick Douglass and his escape to Ireland from America in the 1840s.
Ganga Zumba	1963	Not released until 1972 because of a military coup in Brazil, the film highlights Ganga Zumba, a 17th-century slave revolutionary.
Gladiator	2000	A Roman general in the 2nd century A.D. is turned into a slave who must fight for his life, and his country, as a gladiator.
Glory	1989	During the American Civil War an escaped slave joins an all-black fighting unit of the Union Army.[8]
Goodbye Uncle Tom	1971	Addio Zio Tom is a pseudo-documentary in which the filmmakers go back in time and visit antebellum America, using period documents to examine, in graphic detail, the racist ideology and degrading conditions faced by Africans under slavery.[8]
Gone with the Wind	1939	The film features a slave nursemaid as a prominent supporting character; the actress Hattie McDaniel made history by winning an Academy Award for her performance.[8]
I Am Slave	2010	A U.K. television story of one woman's fight for freedom from modern-day slavery, based on the experience of Mende Nazer, a British author, human rights activist, and a former slave in Sudan.
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom	1984	In the film, enslaved children are forced to mine for Sankara stones.
Jefferson in Paris	1995	The film shows the relationship between Thomas Jefferson, who was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a slave owner, and Sally Hemings, a black slave.[8]
Joseph	1995	The biblical story of Joseph and his brothers. Joseph is an Egyptian slave who earns a reputation as an interpreter of dreams.
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat	1999	Joseph's biblical story, portrayed in a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, starred Donny Osmond as Joseph.
Journey of August King, TheThe Journey of August King	1995	A widowed farmer reluctantly provides safe passage to a run-away slave as he returns home from an annual trip to purchase provisions and supplies, starring Jason Patric as August King and Thandie Newton as Annalees.
Keeping Room, TheThe Keeping Room	2014	The film takes place during the American Civil War. Three women in the South have to protect their home against soldiers of the Union Army.[6]
The Last Supper	1976	A plantation owner during Spanish colonial times recreates the last supper using slaves, in order to teach them about Christianity.
Legend of Nigger Charley, TheThe Legend of Nigger Charley	1972	The blaxploitation film takes place in America in the Antebellum South. It follows three slaves seeking their freedom.[13]
Lincoln	2012	Near the end of the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln pushes to abolish slavery in the U.S. by urging Congress to pass the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.[8]
Manderlay	2005	Set in the early 1930s, the film tells the story of Grace, an idealist who attempts to oust the owners of a plantation in Alabama and free the slaves living there.
Mandingo	1975	On a plantation in 19th-century United States, the owner sleeps with a young slave. Another slave sleeps with the owner's wife in payback, and things escalate.[8]
Motherland	2010	Documentary sequel to 500 Years Later, the film gives an overview of the history of the African continent and its people from Ancient Egypt to the present.
North and South	1985–1994	A three-part TV miniseries outlining the period leading to and during the American civil war, and the post-war Reconstruction.
North Star, TheThe North Star	2013	The film is based on "the true story of Big Ben Jones, a slave who escaped from a Southern plantation in 1848 and is helped by local Quakers".[6]
Passage du milieu	1999	Docudrama about a trans-Atlantic slave ship voyage of black slaves from the West Coast of Africa to the Caribbean, a part of the triangular slave trade route called the Middle Passage.
Paradesi	2013	A Tamil language movie that is based on true events that took place in a tea plantation during the 1930s.
Prince Among Slaves	2006	a PBS historical documentary about the life of Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ibn Sori, a prince from West Africa who was made a slave in the United States and freed 40 years later on orders of the American president, John Quincy Adams.
The Prince of Egypt	1998	Prince Moses frees the Hebrew slaves from the Pharaoh of Egypt.
Quilombo	1984	account of Quilombo dos Palmares, a 17th-century Brazilian community of escaped slaves. Features its one-time leader, Zumbi.
Return of the Jedi	1983	Princess Leia is briefly enslaved by Jabba the Hutt.[14]
Roots	1977	An acclaimed eight-episode TV mini-series based on Alex Haley's biography about his family moving from slavery to liberation.[8]
Roots: The Gift	1988	A film portraying events occurring between the second and third episodes of the first miniseries.
Sankofa	1993	In the supernatural film, a black American model travels to Ghana and is transported back in time by a local mystic. The model finds herself a slave in the past.[8]
Santa Fe Trail	1940	Western centered around abolitionist John Brown, his attacks on slavery as a prelude to the Civil War, and the attempt to find his hideout and stop his violent campaign.
Savannah	2013	Loosely based on the book Ducks, Dogs and Friends, the film is about a white hunter who befriends a freed slave.[6]
The Slave Hunters	2010	Slave hunter goes after an escaped General-turned-slave in this South Korean 24-episode television series.
Slaves	1969	Follows the life of two slaves in the American South of the 1850s.
Solomon Northup's Odyssey	1984	The film is based on the true story of Solomon Northup, a free black man who was kidnapped in Washington, DC in 1841 and sold into slavery.[15]
Something Whispered	2013	In the United States in the 1850s, a black man attempts to free his family from a tobacco plantation.[6]
Spartacus	1960 & 2004	In Spartacus, a film that stays close to the historical record,[16] a Thracian enslaved as a gladiator by the Roman Republic leads a slave revolt that engulfs much of the Italian peninsula.
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace	1999	Anakin Skywalker is enslaved by Watto until Qui-Gon Jinn wins his freedom in a wager.
Tamango	1958	A slave ship crosses the Atlantic, and the slaves rebel. A film by Hollywood blacklisted director John Berry starring Dorothy Dandridge and Curd Jürgens.
The Ten Commandments	1956	Biblical story of the life of Moses, an adopted Egyptian prince who becomes the deliverer of his real brethren, the enslaved Hebrews.
Tula	2013	In 1795 on Curaçao, then a Dutch colony, a slave uprising takes place.[6]
Unchained Memories	2003	An HBO documentary featuring the stories of former slaves interviewed during the 1930s as part of the Federal Writers' Project. It compiles slave narratives which are narrated by actors emulating the original conversation with the interviewer.
Uncle Tom's Cabin	1903	Many film adaptations of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel have been made, nine from the silent era (including those of 1910, 1918, and 1927), and a German version in 1965.

References

1. Michael T. Martin and David C. Wall, "The Politics of Cine-Memory: Signifying Slavery in the History Film," in Robert A. Rosenstone and Constantin Parvulesu, eds. A Companion to the Historical Film (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), pp. 445–467.
2. Melvyn Stokes, D.W. Griffith's the Birth of a Nation: A History of the Most Controversial Motion Picture of All Time (2008)
3. Robert E. Morsberger, "Slavery and 'The Santa Fe Trail,' or, John Brown on Hollywood's Sour Apple Tree," American Studies (1977) 18#2 pp. 87–98. online
4. Hernán Vera; Andrew M. Gordon (2003). Screen saviors: Hollywood fictions of whiteness. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 54–56. ISBN 9780847699476.
5. Natalie Zemon Davis, Slaves on Screen: Film and Historical Vision (2002) ch 2
6. Samuel, Allison (March 15, 2013). "How 2013 Became the Year of the Slavery Film". The Daily Beast. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
7. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0454776/?ref_=nv_sr_4
8. Staff (2012). "12 Films That Dared to Tackle Slavery". The Root. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
9. "Top Grosses of 1957". Variety. January 8, 1958.
10. Serafino, Jason (June 4, 2013). "5 Movies Influenced By Scientology". Complex. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
11. Berson, Misha (April 23, 2000). "'Enslavement' takes some liberties with abolitionist Fanny Kemble's tale". The Seattle Times (The Seattle Times Company). Retrieved October 7, 2013.
12. Kronke, David (April 21, 2000). "Hysterical drama of historical figure". Los Angeles Daily News (MediaNews Group). Retrieved October 7, 2013.
13. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068838/
14. Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (DVD, 20th Century Fox, 2004), disc 1.
15. Corry, John (February 13, 1985). "TV Review; 'Solomon Northrup's Odyssey,' Story of a Slave". The New York Times.
16. Davis, Slaves on Screen: Film and Historical Vision (2002) ch 3