List of ideophones by language

This article is about ideophones in languages other than English.

Basque

Cantonese

Romanizations given in Jyutping)

Ewe

Finnish

Hindi/Urdu

Hungarian

Indonesia

Japanese

The Japanese language has hundreds if not thousands of such constructions. The constructions are quite metrical 2-2, or 3-3, where mora plays a role in the symmetry. The second item of the reduplication may become voiced if phonological conditions allow, rendaku. These original or native expressions are used extensively in daily conversations as well as in the written language.

Korean

Modern Hebrew

Navajo

Portuguese

Formal Portuguese language makes little use of reduplication. Most expressions are considered casual and may be used among friends and family. It is not expected to find them in any form of media register written in ink, as they are deemed childish or rude, except for few exceptions as 'tim-tim' cheers.

Objects and uses derived thereof
Personal adjectives
Simple actions
Actions or concepts that involve repetition
Interjections

It is not common to refer to interjections as nouns, but when this takes place, they are masculine ones by standard.

Persian

Russian

Swahili

Tamil

Tamil has a large number of ideophones that act as adverbs or adjectives.[7]

Turkish

Vietnamese

Yoruba

See also

List of placeholder names by language

References

Notes

  1. Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2009), Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns. In Journal of Language Contact, Varia 2: 40–67, p. 49, where he also refers to Haig (2001) and Lewis (1967).
  2. Always as a masculine word. For example, um cotoco de mulher, "a little bit of a woman".
  3. An example of non-onomatopoeic use would be when iron-straightening of hair loses its effect due to moisture, and the hair turns instantly back to curly as a result. Use of this comparison – implied by mention of these terms, as well –, nevertheless, might be regarded as racist when referring to the hair of a person of African descent, as are the terms pixaim, pico, picumã or a comparison to steel wool, unless the person(s) of African descent in the room indicated they are okay by their use or go by them themselves.
  4. The average Brazilian sings Dança do Créu – Maurício Ricardo – Charges.com.br (Portuguese)
  5. After 5 years, Figueirense team reciprocates provocation and dances the créu funk – Torcedores.com (Portuguese)
  6. Marquinhos reciprocates "dance of the boxer shorts" with the créu, dedicating the won match to the fans – Globo Esporte (Portuguese)
  7. Swiderski, Richard M. (1996). The metamorphosis of English: versions of other languages. New York: Bergin & Garvey. p. 61. ISBN 0-89789-468-5.
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