Jyutping

Jyutping

Jyutping Romanization.
Traditional Chinese 粵拼
Simplified Chinese 粤拼

Jyutping (Chinese: 粵拼; Jyutping: jyut6 ping3; Cantonese pronunciation: [jyːt̚˨ pʰɪŋ˧]) is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK), an academic group, in 1993. Its formal name is The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanisation Scheme. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanisation system.

The name Jyutping (itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name, 粵拼) is a contraction consisting of the first Chinese characters of the terms jyut6 jyu5 (粵語, meaning "Cantonese speech") and ping3 jam1 (拼音 "phonetic alphabet").

History

The Jyutping system[1] marks a departure from all previous Cantonese romanisation systems (approximately, 12 including Robert Morrison's pioneering work of 1828, and the widely used Standard Romanization, Yale and Sidney Lau systems) by introducing z and c initials and the use of eo and oe in finals, as well as replacing the initial y, used in all previous systems, with j.[2]

Initials

b
/p/
p
/pʰ/
m
/m/
f
/f/
d
/t/
t
/tʰ/
n
/n/
l
/l/
g
/k/
k
/kʰ/
ng
/ŋ/
h
/h/
gw
/kʷ/
kw
/kʷʰ/
w
/w/
z
/ts/
c
/tsʰ/
s
/s/
j
/j/

Finals

aa
/aː/
aai
/aːi/
aau
/aːu/
aam
/aːm/
aan
/aːn/
aang
/aːŋ/
aap
/aːp/
aat
/aːt/
aak
/aːk/
  ai
/ɐi/
西
au
/ɐu/
am
/ɐm/
an
/ɐn/
ang
/ɐŋ/
ap
/ɐp/
at
/ɐt/
ak
/ɐk/
e
/ɛː/
ei
/ei/
eu
/ɛːu/
em
/ɛːm/
  eng
/ɛːŋ/
ep
/ɛːp/
  ek
/ɛːk/
i
/iː/
  iu
/iːu/
im
/iːm/
in
/iːn/
ing
/ɪŋ/
ip
/iːp/
it
/iːt/
ik
/ɪk/
o
/ɔː/
oi
/ɔːi/
ou
/ou/
  on
/ɔːn/
ong
/ɔːŋ/
  ot
/ɔːt/
ok
/ɔːk/
u
/uː/
ui
/uːi/
    un
/uːn/
ung
/ʊŋ/
  ut
/uːt/
uk
/ʊk/
oe
/œː/
eoi
/ɵy/
    eon
/ɵn/
oeng
/œːŋ/
  eot
/ɵt/
oek
/œːk/
yu
/yː/
      yun
/yːn/
    yut
/yːt/
 
      m
/m̩/
  ng
/ŋ̩/
     

Tones

There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese. However, as three of the nine are entering tones (入聲, Jyutping: jap6 sing1), which only appear in syllables ending with p, t, and k, they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping (though they do in Cantonese Pinyin; these are shown in parentheses in the table below).

Tone name jam1 ping4
(陰平)
jam1 soeng5
(陰上)
jam1 heoi3
(陰去)
joeng4 ping4
(陽平)
joeng4 soeng5
(陽上)
joeng4 heoi3
(陽去)
gou1 jam1 jap6
(高陰入)
dai1 jam1 jap6
(低陰入)
joeng4 jap6
(陽入)
Tone Number 123 456 1 (7)3 (8)6 (9)
The tone name in English high level or high fallingmid risingmid level low fallinglow risinglow level entering high levelentering mid levelentering low level
Contour[3] ˥ 55 / ˥˧ 53˧˥ 35˧ 33 ˨˩ 21 / ˩ 11˩˧ 13˨ 22 ˥ 5˧ 3˨ 2
Character Example
Example fan1fan2fan3 fan4fan5fan6 fat1faat3fat6

Comparison with Yale romanisation

Jyutping and the Yale Romanisation of Cantonese represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

But they differ in the following:

Comparison with Cantonese pinyin

Jyutping and Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

But they have some differences:

Examples

Traditional Simplified Romanization
廣州話 广州话 gwong2 zau1 waa2
粵語 粤语 jyut6 jyu5
你好 你好 nei5 hou2

Sample transcription of one of the 300 Tang Poems:

春曉
孟浩然
Ceon1 Hiu2
Maang6 Hou6 Jin4
春眠不覺曉, Ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2,
處處聞啼鳥。 cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5.
夜來風雨聲, Je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1,
花落知多少? faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2?

Jyutping input method

The Jyutping method (Chinese: 粵拼輸入法) refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system.

The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the jyutping of a Chinese character (with or without tone, depending on the system) and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation.

List of Jyutping keyboard input utilities

See also

Footnotes

  1. "The Jyutping Scheme". The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  2. Kataoka, Shin; Lee, Cream (2008). "A System without a System: Cantonese Romanization Used in Hong Kong Place and Personal Names". Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics: 94–98.
  3. MATTHEWS, S.; YIP, V. Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar; London: Routledge, 1994

External links

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