Taiwanese Romanization System

Taiwanese Romanization System
Traditional Chinese 臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案
Simplified Chinese 台湾闽南语罗马字拼音方案
Tâi-lô
Traditional Chinese 臺羅拼音
Simplified Chinese 台罗拼音

The Taiwanese Romanization System (Taiwanese Romanization: Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn, Chinese: 臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn; often referred to as Tâi-lô) is a transcription system for Taiwanese Hokkien. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.[1] In is nearly identical to TLPA apart from using ts tsh j instead of c ch j for the fricatives /ts tsʰ dz/.

Taiwanese Romanization System

Alphabet

Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent tones.

Capital letter ABEGHIJKKhLMNNg OOoPPhSTThTsTshU
Lower case abeghijkkhlmnngnnooopphstthtstshu

Values

Consonants

Initials
BilabialAlveolar Alveolo-palatalVelarGlottal
VoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoiced VoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoiced Voiceless
Nasal m [m]
ㄇ 毛(moo)
n [n]
ㄋ 耐(nāi)
ng [ŋ]
ㄫ 雅(ngá)
PlosiveUnaspirated p [p]
ㄅ 邊(pian)
b [b]
ㆠ 文(bûn)
t [t]
ㄉ 地(tē)
k [k]
ㄍ 求(kiû)
g [g]
ㆣ 語(gí)
Aspirated ph [pʰ]
ㄆ 波(pho)
th [tʰ]
ㄊ 他(thann)
kh [kʰ]
ㄎ 去(khì)
AffricateUnaspirated ts [ts]
ㄗ 曾(tsan)
j [dz]
ㆡ 熱(jua̍h)
tsi [tɕ]
ㄐ 尖(tsiam)
ji [dʑ]
ㆢ 入(ji̍p)
Aspirated tsh [tsʰ]
ㄘ 出(tshut)
tshi [tɕʰ]
ㄑ 手(tshiú)
Fricative s [s]
ㄙ 衫(sann)
si [ɕ]
ㄒ 寫(siá)
h [h]
ㄏ 喜(hí)
Lateral l [l]
ㄌ 柳(liú)
Finals
BilabialAlveolar VelarGlottal
Nasal consonant -m [m]
-n [n]
-ng [ŋ]
Stop consonant -p [p̚]
-t [t̚]
-k [k̚]
-h [ʔ]
Syllabic consonant
BilabialVelar
Nasal m [m̩]
ㆬ 姆(ḿ)
ng [ŋ̍]
ㆭ 酸(sng)

Vowels & Rhymes

Simple & Nasal
FrontCentralBack
SimpleNasalSimpleSimpleNasal
Close i [i]
ㄧ 衣(i)
inn [ĩ]
ㆪ 圓(înn)
u [u]
ㄨ 污(u)
unn [ũ]
ㆫ 張(tiunn)
Mid e [e]
ㆤ 禮(lé)
enn [ẽ]
ㆥ 生(senn)
o[ə]
ㄜ 高(ko)
oo [ɔ]
ㆦ 烏(oo)
onn [ɔ̃]
ㆧ 翁(onn)
Open a [a]
ㄚ 查(tsa)
ann [ã]
ㆩ 衫(sann)
Dialect
Tâi-lôIPABopomofo
ir[ɨ]
er[ə]
ee[ɛ]
ere[əe]
Vowel(s)Open syllabusNasalPlosive
[m][n][ŋ][p̚][t̚][k̚][ʔ]
[a] aannamanangapatakahannh
[ai] aiainn aihainnh
[au] au auh
[e] eenn ehennh
[i] iinniminingipitikihinnh
[ia] iaianniamianiangiapiatiakiahiannh
[iau] iauiaunn iauh
[iə] io ioh
[iɔ] iong iok
[iu] iuiunn iuhiunnh
Vowel(s)Open syllabusNasalPlosive
[m][n][ŋ][p̚][t̚][k̚][ʔ]
[ə] o oh
[ɔ] ooonnom ongop okoohonnh
[u] u un ut uh
[ua] uauann uan uat uah
[uai] uaiuainn
[ue] ue ueh
[ui] ui
[m̩] mmh
[ŋ̍] ngngh

Tones

Tone No. 12(6)34578
Name 陰平上聲陰去陰入陽平陽去陽入
im-pîngsiōng-siannim-khìim-ji̍piông-pîngiông-khìiông-ji̍p
Symbol NoneAcuteGraveNone (-p, -t, -k, -h)CircumflexMacronVertical line above (-p, -t, -k, -h)
´` ˆ◌̄ ̍
Pitch ˥˥˥˩˧˩˧ʔ˨˦˧˧˥ʔ
5551312433
Example tong (東)tóng (黨)tòng (棟)tok (督)tông (同)tōng (洞)to̍k (毒)

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

References

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, April 16, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.