Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
d͡ʑ
d͜ʑ
IPA number	216
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ʥ
Unicode (hex)	U+02A5
X-SAMPA	dz\
Image
Sound
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The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨d͡ʑ⟩ (formerly ⟨ʥ⟩).

Features

Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.

• Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal. This means that:
  • Its place of articulation is postalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line).
  • Its tongue shape is laminal, meaning that it is the tongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
  • It is heavily palatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards the hard palate.

• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.

• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.

• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Catalan[1]	All dialects	metge	[ˈmedd͡ʑə]	'doctor'	See Catalan phonology
	Valencian	joc	[ˈd͡ʑɔk]	'game'
Chinese	Taiwanese Hokkien	日/ji̍t	[d͡ʑit̚˧ʔ]	'sun'
	Wu	渠	[d͡ʑy]	'He/She/It'
Japanese		知人/chijin	[t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ]	'acquaintance'	See Japanese phonology
Korean		감자/gamja	[kɐmd͡ʑɐ]	'potato'	See Korean phonology
Polish[2]		dźwięk	[d͡ʑvʲɛŋk]	'sound'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese[3]	Brazilian	tadjique	[taˈdʑikʲi̥]	'Tajik'	Allophone of /d/ before /i, ĩ/ (including when [i, ĩ, j] is not actually produced) and other instances of [i] (e.g. epenthesis), marginal sound otherwise. Argued both to be laminal [dʒ],[4] and generally produced "in the middle of the hard palate",[3] same of fellow alveolo-palatal [l̠ʲ] and [n̠ʲ],[5] and further palatalized than Italian post-alveolars.[6] See Portuguese phonology
	Mato-grossense	jeitos	[ˈdʑejtʊ̥̆s]	'manners', 'ways'
	Most Brazilian dialects	windsurf	[ˈwĩdʑi ˈsɐχfɪ̥]	'windsurf'
	Carioca	DJs	[dziˈdʑejɕ]	'DJs'
	Some speakers	faz-de-conta	[ˈfadʑ ʑi ˈkõ̞tə]	'make-believe'
Romanian	Banat dialect[7]	des	[d͡ʑes]	'frequent'	Corresponds to [d] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russian		дочь бы	[ˈd̪o̞d͡ʑ bɨ]	'daughter would'	Allophone of /t͡ɕ/ before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology
Sema[8]		aji	[à̠d͡ʑì]	'blood'	Possible allophone of /ʒ/ before /i, e/; can be realized as [ʑ ~ ʒ ~ d͡ʒ] instead.[8]
Serbo-Croatian		ђаво / đavo	[d͡ʑâ̠ʋo̞ː]	'devil'	Merges with /d͡ʒ/ in most Croatian and some Bosnian accents. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Uzbek[9]
Xumi	Lower[10]	[^Hd͡ʑɐʔ]		'water'
	Upper[11]	[^Hd͡ʑɜ]
Yi		ꐚ/jji	[d͡ʑi˧]	'bee'

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

1. Wheeler (2005:12)
2. Jassem (2003:105)
3. seqüências de (sibilante + africada alveopalatal) no português falado em Belo Horizonte Page 18 (Portuguese)
4. Análise acústica de sequências de fricativas seguidas de [i produzidas por japoneses aprendizes de português brasileiro] (Portuguese)
5. Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português (Portuguese)
6. Dialects of Brazil: the palatalization of the phonemes /t/ and /d/ Page 27 (Portuguese)
7. Pop (1938), p. 29.
8. Teo (2014:23)
9. Sjoberg (1963:12)
10. Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
11. Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.

Bibliography

• Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157
• Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), "Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169
• Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
• Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
• Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar
• Teo, Amos B. (2014), A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland (PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5
• Wheeler, Max W (2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7