Close-mid central rounded vowel

Close-mid central rounded vowel
ɵ
ö
IPA number 323
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ɵ
Unicode (hex) U+0275
X-SAMPA 8
Kirshenbaum @.<umd>
Braille ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
Sound
source · help

The close-mid central rounded vowel, or high-mid central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɵ, a lowercase barred letter o, and should not be confused with the Greek letter theta, θ, which in IPA corresponds to a consonant sound, the voiceless dental fricative. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed ö.

The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low".

The character ɵ has been used in several Latin-derived alphabets such as the one for Janalif, but in that language it denotes a different sound than it does in the IPA. The character is homographic with Cyrillic Ө. The Unicode code point is U+019F Ɵ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE (HTML &#415;).

This sound rarely contrasts with the near-close near-front rounded vowel. For this reason, it may be sometimes transcribed with the symbol ʏ. An example of a language contrasting /ɵ/ with /ʏ/ is the Hamont dialect of Limburgish, but in phonemic transcription, the sounds are normally transcribed with /ʏ/ and /y/, respectively.[1]

The physically possible close-mid central compressed vowel has not been reported to occur in any language,[2] but could be transcribed as a centralized close-mid front rounded vowel [ø̈], which is normally compressed. Other possible transcriptions are ɘ͡β̞⟩ (simultaneous [ɘ] and labial compression) and [ɘᵝ] ([ɘ] modified with labial compression).

Features

IPA vowel chart
Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
iy
ɨʉ
ɯu
ɪʏ
eø
ɘɵ
ɤo
ɛœ
ɜɞ
ʌɔ
æ
aɶ
ɑɒ
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Paired vowels are: unrounded  rounded
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IPA help  IPA key  chart   chart with audio  view

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Chinese Cantonese /ceot7 [tsʰɵt˥] 'to go out' See Cantonese phonology
Dutch Standard Netherlandic[3] hut [ɦɵt] 'hut' Also described as near-front [ø̠];[4][5] Typically transcribed in IPA with ʏ or, more rarely, with ʉ, ɵ or œ. See Dutch phonology
English American foot [ɦɵt] 'foot' Some speakers. Centralized and lowered from [ʊ]. See English phonology
Canadian
Received Pronunciation[6] Younger speakers. Others pronounce [ʊ]. See English phonology
Hull[7] goat [ɡɵːt] 'goat' Corresponds to /oʊ/ in other dialects.
New Zealand[8] bird [bɵːd] 'bird' Somewhat fronted; may be lower ([ø̞̈ː ~ œ̈ː]).
French[9] je [ʒɵ] 'I' May be transcribed in IPA with ɵ or ə. Also described as mid [ɵ̞].[10] May be more front for a number of speakers. See French phonology
German Chemnitz dialect[11] Boden [ˈpɵːtn̩] 'floor' See Chemnitz dialect phonology
Hiw[12] yöykö [jөjkөŋ] 'forget'
Icelandic[13][14][15] vinur [ˈveːnөr] 'friend' Most often transcribed in IPA with ʏ. See Icelandic phonology
Irish Munster[16] dúnadh [ˈd̪ˠɰuːn̪ˠɰө̠˔] 'closing' Slightly raised and slightly retracted; allophone of /ə/ adjacent to broad consonants, when the vowel in the preceding syllable is either /uː/ or /ʊ/.[16] See Irish phonology
Limburgish Hamont dialect[1] Rùs [ʀɵs²] 'a Russian' May be transcribed in IPA with ʏ.[1][17] See Hamont dialect phonology
Maastrichtian[17] un [ɵn] 'onion'
Mongolian[18] өгөх [ɵɡɵx] 'to give'
Norwegian Standard Eastern[19] søt [sɵːt̻] 'sweet' Typically transcribed in IPA with øː; also described as close-mid near-front [ø̠ː],[20] mid near-front [ø̽ː][21] and ranging from mid near-front [ø̽ː] to open-mid near-front [œ̠ː].[22] See Norwegian phonology
Ripuarian Kerkrade dialect[23] sjuts [ʃɵt͡s] May be transcribed in IPA with ʏ.
Russian[24] тётя  [ˈtʲɵtʲə]  'aunt' Allophone of /o/ in the environment of palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Tajik кӯҳ [kʰɵːh] 'mountain' Merges with /ɵ/ in central and southern dialects.
Toda ? [pɵːr̘] 'name'
Uzbek tgʻri [t̪ɤɵʁˈɾɪ] 'true'
West Frisian Standard[25] put [pɵ̜t] 'well' Also described as front [ø].[26] Only slightly rounded;[25] typically transcribed in IPA with ø or ʏ. See West Frisian phonology
Southwestern dialects[27] fuotten [ˈfɵtn̩] 'feet' Corresponds to [wo] in other dialects.[27] See West Frisian phonology
Xumi Lower[28] [RPʎ̟ɐtsɵ] 'to filter tea' Typically transcribed in IPA with ʉ.[28]
Upper[29] [Htɵ] 'way to do things' Allophone of /o/ after alveolar consonants; may be realized as [o] or [ɤ] instead.[29]

The vowel transcribed in IPA with ɵ in Central Standard Swedish is actually mid ([ɵ̞]).[30]

See also

References

Bibliography

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, April 20, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.