Voiceless velar approximant
| Voiceless velar approximant | |
|---|---|
| ɰ̊ | |
| x̞ | |
| ɣ̊˕ | |
| IPA number | 154 402A |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA |
M\_0 |
The voiceless velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɰ̊⟩.
Features
Features of the voiceless velar approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norwegian | Brekke dialect[1] | seg | [sɛɰ̊] | 'oneself' | Coda allophone of /ɡ/; reported to occur only in this word.[1] See Norwegian phonology |
| Kaldfarnes dialect[1] | |||||
| Sørkjosen dialect[1] | [sæɰ̊] | ||||
| Undheim dialect[1] | [seɰ̊] | ||||
| Bryne dialect[1] | sterkeste | [stæɰ̊kɑstə] | 'strongest' | Allophone of /r/ when it is in contact with voiceless consonants. Exact distribution may differ between dialects. In the Hafrsfjord dialect, [ɰ̊] may also occur in the word seg. See Norwegian phonology | |
| Hafrsfjord dialect[1] | |||||
| Raundalen dialect[1] | |||||
| Stanghelle dialect[1] | |||||
| Fyllingsdalen dialect[1] | [stæɰ̊kestɛ] | ||||
| Spanish | Standard European[2] | Predrag | [ˈpɾe̞ð̞ɾäɰ̊] | 'Predrag' | Allophone of /ɡ/ before a pause.[2] See Spanish phonology |
See also
References
Bibliography
- Wetzels, W. Leo; Mascaró, Joan (2001), "The Typology of Voicing and Devoicing" (PDF), Language 77 (2): 207–244, doi:10.1353/lan.2001.0123
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