Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives
| Voiced alveolar lateral fricative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɮ | |||
| IPA number | 149 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) |
ɮ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+026E | ||
| X-SAMPA |
K\ | ||
| Kirshenbaum |
z<lat> | ||
| Braille |
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| |||
| Sound | |||
 source · help | |||
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The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ⟨ɮ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K\.
Features
Features of the voiced alveolar lateral fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
Dental or denti-alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amis | Kangko accent | Interdental [ɮ̪͆] | |||
Alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | къалэ |  [qaːɮa] |
'town' | Can also be pronounced as [l] | |
| Bura[1] | Contrasts with [l] and [ʎ̝̊].[1] | ||||
| Kabardian | блы | [bɮə] |
'seven' | Can also be pronounced as [l] | |
| Ket | |||||
| Mongolian | долоо | [tɔɮɔː] | 'seven' | Sometimes realized as [l] | |
| Sassarese | a caldhu | [ˈkaɮdu] |
'hot' | ||
| Tera[2] | dlepti | [ɮè̞pti] | 'planting' | ||
| Zulu[3] | indlala | [ínˈɮàlà] | 'hunger' | ||
In addition, a pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮˤ] is reconstructed to be the ancient Classical Arabic pronunciation of Ḍād; the letter is now pronounced in Modern Standard Arabic as a pharyngealized voiced coronal stop, as alveolar [dˤ] or denti-alveolar [d̪ˤ].
See also
References
- 1 2 Grønnum (2005:154–155)
- ↑ Tench (2007), p. 228.
- ↑ Ladefoged (2005:170)
Bibliography
- Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), Blackwell
- Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
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