Voiced palatal affricate

Voiced palatal affricate
ɟ͡ʝ
IPA number	108 (139)
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ɟ​͡​ʝ
Unicode (hex)	U+025F U+0361 U+029D
Sound
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The voiced palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɟ͡ʝ⟩. It occurs in such languages as Hungarian and Skolt Sami, among others. The voiced palatal affricate is quite rare; it is mostly absent from Europe as a phoneme (it occurs as an allophone in most Spanish dialects), with the aforementioned Uralic languages and Albanian being exceptions. It usually occurs with its voiceless counterpart, the voiceless palatal affricate.

Features

Features of the voiced palatal affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence. It is not a sibilant.

• Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.

• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.

• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.

• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian	Various Tosk dialects[1]	gjë	[ɟ͡ʝə]	'thing'
Asturian[2]		uveyya	[uβeɟ͡ʝa]	'sheep'
Hungarian		gyár	[ɟ͡ʝaːr]	'factory'	See Hungarian phonology
Norwegian	Central dialects[3]	leggja	[leɟ͡ja]	'lay'	See Norwegian phonology
	Western dialects[3]
Skolt Sami		vuõˊlǧǧem	[vʲuɘlɟ͡ʝːɛm]	'I leave'
Spanish	Castilian[4]	yate	[ˈɟ͡jate̞]	'yacht'	Occurs only in the onset. See Spanish phonology

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

1. Palatal controversies Péter Siptár(2013)
2. Menéndez García (1965:148)
3. Skjekkeland (1997:96–100)
4. Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258)

Bibliography

• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
• Menéndez García, Manuel (1965), El Cuarto de los Valles (Un habla del occidente astur) (in Spanish), IDEA, pp. 147–148
• Skjekkeland, Martin (1997), Dei norske dialektane: Tradisjonelle særdrag i jamføring med skriftmåla (in Norwegian), Høyskoleforlaget (Norwegian Academic Press)