List of large volcanic eruptions in the 21st century
This is a list of volcanic eruptions of the 21st century measuring a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of at least 4, as well as notable smaller eruptions. Note that the size of eruptions can be subject to considerable uncertainties.
VEI | Volcano (eruption) | Country | Year | Casualties | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Ulawun[1] | Papua New Guinea | 2000 | ||
4 | Shiveluch[2] | Russia | 2001 | ||
1 | Nyiragongo[3] | DR Congo | 2002 | 47 | |
4 | Ruang[4] | Indonesia | 2002 | ||
4 | Reventador[5] | Ecuador | 2002 | ||
4 | Manam[6] | Papua New Guinea | 2004 | ||
4 | Rabaul[7] | Papua New Guinea | 2006 | ||
4 | Mount Okmok[8] | United States | 2008 | ||
4 | Chaiten[9] | Chile | 2008 | 1[10] | |
4 | Kasatochi[11] | United States | 2008 | ||
4 | Sarychev Peak[12] | Russia | 2009 | ||
4 | Eyjafjallajökull[13] | Iceland | 2010 | ||
4 | Mount Merapi[14] | Indonesia | 2010 | 353[15] | Over 350,000 people were evacuated from the affected area. Ash plumes caused major disruption to aviation across Java. |
4 | Grímsvötn | Iceland | 2011 | ||
5 | Puyehue-Cordón Caulle[16] | Chile | 2011 | Major flight disruptions across the southern hemisphere, including South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. | |
4 | Nabro | Eritrea | 2011 | 31 | |
2 | Mount Sinabung | Indonesia | 2014 | 15 | Mount Sinabung's eruptions caused many pyroclastic flows, one resulting in the loss of 15 lives. |
4 | Kelud | Indonesia | 2014 | 2[17] | |
3 | Mount Ontake | Japan | 2014 | 61+ | A Phreatic eruption and pyroclastic flow occurred without warning, killing at least 61 people. Deadliest eruption in Japan since 1902, first volcano-related deaths in Japan since 1991. |
4 | Calbuco | Chile | 2015 | 0 | First eruption at Calbuco since 1972. At least 4,000 people evacuated. No casualties reported.[18] |
See also
- List of large volcanic eruptions of the 19th century
- List of large volcanic eruptions of the 20th century
- List of natural disasters by death toll
- List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
- Lists of volcanoes
References
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0502-12=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1000-27=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0203-03=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0607-01=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1502-01=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0501-02=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0502-14=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1101-29-&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1508-041&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/05/04/us-chile-volcano-idUKN0221354320080504
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1101-13-&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0900-24=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1702-02=&volpage=erupt&format=expanded#E2010320
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-25=&volpage=erupt&format=expanded#E20101026
- ↑ http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/indonesia-downgrades-mount-merapis-danger-level/409878
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=357150
- ↑ "Mass evacuation in Indonesia as Java volcano erupts". BBC News. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
- ↑ Pyle, David. "Volcán Calbuco: what do we know so far?". Retrieved 14 January 2016.
External links
- VEI glossary entry from a USGS website
- How to measure the size of a volcanic eruption, from The Guardian
- The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth, a 2004 article from the Bulletin of Volcanology
- List of Large Holocene Eruptions (VEI > 4) from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program
- VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, April 18, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.