List of paleognaths

The paleognaths (Palaeognathae) are a clade of bird species of gondwanic distribution in Africa, South America, New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. The group have more than 50 living species and includes the ostriches, rheas, kiwis, emus, cassowaries and tinamous. They are, with Neognathae, the two main lineages of modern birds (Neornithes).^[1]

Species

Order Lithornithiformes

†Family Lithornithidae
- †Genus Fissuravis (Paleocene)
  - †Fissuravis weigelti
- †Genus Lithornis (Paleocene - Early Eocene)
  - †Lithornis celetius
  - †Lithornis hookeri
  - †Lithornis nasi
  - †Lithornis plebius
  - †Lithornis promiscuus
  - †Lithornis vulturinus
- †Genus Paracathartes (Early Eocene of west central US) - tentatively placed here
  - †Paracathartes howardae
- †Genus Pseudocrypturus - tentatively placed here
  - †Pseudocrypturus cercanaxius

Order Dinornithiformes

†Family Dinornithidae, moa (prehistoric)
- †Genus Dinornis, giant moa (2-4 species)
  - †Dinornis novaezealandiae, North Island giant moa
  - †Dinornis robustus, slender moa
  - †Dinornis giganteus
  - †Dinornis maximus
  - †Dinornis struthoides
  - †Dinornis torosus
  - †Dinornis hercules
  - †Dinornis gazelle

†Family Anomalopterygidae, lesser moas
- †Subfamily Emeinae
  - †Genus Emeus, eastern moa
    - †Emeus crassus
    - †Emeus huttoni
  - †Genus Euryapteryx, broad-billed or turkey moas
    - †Eurypteryx curtus, North Island broad-billed moa
    - †Eurypteryx geranoides, South Island broad-billed moa
    - †Eurypteryx gravis
    - †Genus Zelornis
    - †Zelornis exilis
    - †Zelornis haasti
- †Subfamily Anomalopteryginae
  - †Genus Anomalopteryx, bush moas
    - †Anomalopteryx antiquus
    - †Anomalopteryx didiformis, lesser bush moa
    - †Anomalopteryx oweni
  - †Genus Megalapteryx, upland moas
    - †Megalapteryx benhami, Benham's megalapteryx
    - †Megalapteryx didinus, lesser megalapteryx
  - †Genus Pachyornis, stout moas
    - †Pachyornis australis
    - †Pachyornis elephantopus
    - †Pachyornis mappini
    - †Pachyornis murihiku
    - †Pachyornis septentrionalis

Order Aepyornithiformes

†Family Aepyornithidae, elephant birds (prehistoric)
- †Genus Aepyornis (4 species)
  - †Aepyornis titan (synonym A. maximus)
  - †Aepyornis gracilis
  - †Aepyornis hildebrandti
  - †Aepyornis medius
- †Genus Mullerornis (4 species)
  - †Mullerornis agilis
  - †Mullerornis gracilis
  - †Mullerornis hildebrandti
  - †Mullerornis titan
- †Genus Eremopezus
  - †Eremopezus eocaenus
- †Genus Stromeria
  - †Stromeria fajumensis

Order Struthioniformes

Family Struthionidae
- †Genus †Palaeotis (fossil: Middle Eocene) - includes Palaeogrus geiseltalensis
  - †Palaeotis wiegelti
- Genus Struthio (1 living species)
  - Struthio camelus, common ostrich
    - †S. c. syriacus, Arabian ostrich
    - S. c. camelus, North African ostrich
    - S. c. australis, Southern African ostrich
    - S. c. massaicus, Masai ostrich
    - S. c. rothschildi
    - S. c. spatzi
  - S. molybdophanes, Somali ostrich
  - †Struthio asiaticus, Asian ostrich
  - †Struthio coppensi
  - †Struthio linxiaensis
  - †Struthio karingarabensis
  - †Struthio kakesiensis
  - †Struthio daberasensis
  - †Struthio oldawayi
  - †Struthio anderssoni
  - †Struthio brachydactylus
  - †Struthio chersonensis
  - †Struthio mongolicus
  - †Struthio orlovi
  - †Struthio wimani

Order Rheiformes

†Family Opistodactylidae, (fossil)
- †Genus Opisthodactylus, (Miocene of Argentina) - rheid?
  - †Opisthodactylus patagonicus
- †Genus Diogenornis, tentatively placed here
  - †Diogenornis fragilis

Family Rheidae, rheas
- †Genus Heterorhea (fossil: Pliocene of Argentina)
  - †Heterorhea dabbenei
- †Genus Hinasuri (fossil)
  - †Hinasuri nehuensis
- Genus Rhea
  - Rhea americana, common rhea
    - R. a. americana
    - R. a. intermedia
    - R. a. albescens
    - R. a. nobilis
    - R. a. araneipes
  - Rhea pennata, Darwin's rhea
    - R. p. pennata
    - R. p. garleppi
    - R. p. tarapacensis, puna rhea

Order Casuariiformes

Family Casuariidae, cassowaries
- Genus Casuarius
  - Casuarius casuarius, southern cassowary
  - Casuarius unappendiculatus, northern cassowary
  - Casuarius bennetti, dwarf cassowary
  - †Casuarius lydekki

Family Dromaiidae
- †Genus Emuarius, (fossil: Late Oligocene - Late Miocene; formerly in Dromaius)
  - †Emuarius guljaruba
  - †Emuarius gidju
- Genus Dromaius, emus (1 living species, 2 recently extinct)
  - Dromaius novaehollandiae, emu
    - D. n. novaehollandiae
    - D. n. woodwardi, (disputed)
    - D. n. rothschildi, (disputed)
    - †D. n. diemenensis
    - †D. n. ater
  - †Dromaius baudinianus, Kangaroo Island emu
  - †Dromaius ocypus

Order Apterygiformes

Family Apterygidae, kiwis
- Genus Apteryx
  - Apteryx haastii, great spotted kiwi
  - Apteryx owenii, little spotted kiwi
    - A. o. owenii
    - †A. o. iredelai
  - Apteryx rowi, Ōkārito brown kiwi
  - Apteryx australis, southern brown kiwi
    - A a. lawryi, Stewart Island tokoeka
    - A a. australis, Haast tokoeka
  - Apteryx mantelli, North Island brown kiwi

Order Tinamiformes

Family Tinamidae
- Subfamily Tinaminae
  - Genus Crypturellus
    - Crypturellus atrocapillus, black-capped tinamou
    - Crypturellus bartletti, Bartlett's tinamou
    - Crypturellus berlepschi, Berlepsch's tinamou
    - Crypturellus boucardi, slaty-breasted tinamou
    - Crypturellus brevirostris, rusty tinamou
    - Crypturellus casiquiare, barred tinamou
    - Crypturellus cinereus, cinereous tinamou
    - Crypturellus cinnamomeus, thicket tinamou
    - Crypturellus duidae, grey-legged tinamou
    - Crypturellus erythropus, red-legged tinamou
    - Crypturellus kerriae, Choco tinamou
    - Crypturellus noctivagus, yellow-legged tinamou
    - Crypturellus obsoletus, brown tinamou
    - Crypturellus parvirostris, small-billed tinamou
    - Crypturellus ptaritepui, tepui tinamou
    - Crypturellus soui, little tinamou
    - Crypturellus strigulosus, Brazilian tinamou
    - Crypturellus tataupa, tataupa tinamou
    - Crypturellus transfasciatus, pale-browed tinamou
    - Crypturellus undulatus, undulated tinamou
    - Crypturellus variegatus, variegated tinamou
  - Genus Tinamus
    - Tinamus guttatus, white-throated tinamou
    - Tinamus tao, grey tinamou
    - Tinamus solitarius, solitary tinamou
    - Tinamus osgoodi, black tinamou
    - Tinamus major, great tinamou
  - Genus Nothocercus
    - Nothocercus bonapartei, highland tinamou
    - Nothocercus julius, tawny-breasted tinamou
    - Nothocercus nigrocapillus, hooded tinamou
  - Genus Taoniscus
    - Taoniscus nanus, dwarf tinamou
  - Genus Tinamotis
    - Tinamotis pentlandii, puna tinamou
    - Tinamotis ingoufi, Patagonian tinamou
- Subfamily Rhynchotinae
  - Genus Eudromia
    - Eudromia elegans, elegant crested tinamou
    - Eudromia formosa, quebracho crested tinamou
    - Genus Rhynchotus
    - Rhynchotus rufescens, red-winged tinamou
    - Rhynchotus maculicollis, huayco tinamou
  - Genus Nothoprocta
    - Nothoprocta taczanowskii, Taczanowski's tinamou
    - Nothoprocta ornata, ornate tinamou
    - Nothoprocta perdicaria, Chilean tinamou
    - Nothoprocta cinerascens, brushland tinamou
    - Nothoprocta pentlandii, Andean tinamou
    - Nothoprocta curvirostris curve-billed tinamou
  - Genus Nothura, nothuras
    - Nothura boraquira, white-bellied nothura
    - Nothura minor, lesser nothura
    - Nothura darwinii, Darwin's nothura
    - Nothura maculosa, spotted nothura
    - Nothura chacoensis, Chaco nothura

Sometimes placed here

Eremopezus - includes Stromeria

Ootaxa

Gobioolithus (Late Cretaceous) - paleognath?
Incognitoolithus (Eocene of North America) - ratite?
Type A ("aepyornithoid") eggs (Tsondab Early Miocene of Namibia - Pliocene of Asia)
Namornis (Middle Miocene of Namibia - Late Miocene of Kenya) - ratite?
Diamantornis (Middle Miocene of Namibia - Late Miocene of UAE and Kenya) - ratite?
Psammornis - may be from Eremopezus

References

↑ del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (1992). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-10-5.

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