List of poisonous fungi

Poisonous fungi^[1][2][3] include:

Agaricus

• Agaricus xanthodermus It is poisonous for most people, causing gastrointestinal upsets but is eaten by some without apparent negative effect.
• Agaricus hondensis

Amanitaceae

• Amanita abrupta The fruit bodies of Amanita abrupta are poisonous, and ingestion damages the liver; the toxicity is thought to be largely due to a rare amino acid. Although not considered as toxic as its infamous relatives the death cap and the destroying angel, A. abrupta is blamed for the deaths of two Japanese women in 1978. Poisoning symptoms included the abrupt appearance of violent vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration after a delay of 10–20 hours.
• Amanita arocheae Deadly poisonous, it is a member of section phalloideae and related to the death cap A. phalloides.
• Amanita bisporigera First described in 1906, A. bisporigera is classified in the section Phalloideae of the genus Amanita together with other amatoxin-containing species. Amatoxins are cyclic peptides which inhibit the enzyme RNA polymerase II and interfere with various cellular functions. The first symptoms of poisoning appear 6 to 24 hours after consumption, followed by a period of apparent improvement, then by symptoms of liver and kidney failure, and death after four days or more.
• Amanita brunnescens
• Amanita exitialis Deadly. It has been estimated that about 50 grams (1.8 oz) of fresh mushrooms contains sufficient toxin to cause the death of a 50-kilogram (110 lb) adult.
• Amanita farinosa
• Amanita gemmata It is deadly poisonous. Amanita gemmata is a hallucinogenic mushroom which contains ibotenic acid and muscimol.
• Amanita magnivelaris
• Amanita elliptosperma
• Amanita muscaria
• Amanita ocreata
• Amanita pantherina var. pantherina
• Amanita phalloides
• Amanita porphyria
• Amanita regalis
• Amanita smithiana
• Amanita subjunquillea
• Amanita verna
• Amanita virosa
• Amanita virosiformis
• Amanita xanthocephala
• Destroying angel (name applies to several similar species in the Amanita genus)

Boletus

• Boletus legaliae
• Boletus satanas
• Boletus pulcherrimus

Chlorophyllum

• Chlorophyllum molybdites

Clitocybe

• Clitocybe acromelalga
• Clitocybe amoenolens

Cortinarius

• Lethal webcaps

Entoloma

• Entoloma rhodopolium
• Entoloma sinuatum

Galerina

• Galerina marginata
• Galerina sulciceps

Gomphus

• Gomphus floccosus

Hebeloma

• Hebeloma crustuliniforme

Helvella

• Helvella lacunosa
• Helvella crispa

Hypholoma

• Hypholoma fasciculare

Inocybe

• Inocybe geophylla
• Inocybe hystrix
• Inocybe lacera
• Inocybe erubescens

Lactarius

• Lactarius chrysorrheus
• Lactarius helvus
• Lactarius torminosus

Lepiota

• Lepiota brunneoincarnata
• Lepiota castanea
• Lepiota helveola

Omphalotus

• Omphalotus nidiformis
• Omphalotus olearius

Paxillus

• Paxillus involutus

Pholiotina

• Pholiotina rugosa, more commonly known as Conocybe filaris

Ramaria

• Ramaria formosa
• Ramaria pallida

Russula

• Russula emetica
• Russula subnigricans

Sarcosphaera

• Sarcosphaera coronaria
• Sarcosphaera crassa

Scleroderma

• Scleroderma citrinum

Stropharia

• Stropharia aeruginosa

Tricholoma

• Tricholoma equestre
• Tricholoma pardinum
• Tricholoma sulphureum

Trogia

• Trogia venenata, "Little White Mushroom" (cause of Yunnan sudden death syndrome)

See also

• List of deadly fungi
• List of poisonous animals
• List of poisonous plants
• Mushroom poisoning
• Mycotoxicology
• Mycotoxin
• Yunnan Sudden Death Syndrome

References

1. Zeitlmayr, Linus (1976). Wild Mushrooms:An Illustrated Handbook. Hertfordshire: Garden City Press. ISBN 0-584-10324-7.
2. Benjamin, Denis R. (1995). Mushrooms: poisons and panaceas—a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians. New York, NY: WH Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-2649-4.
3. "Mushroom toxins". fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved August 4, 2010.