List of pusher aircraft by configuration

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines and may be classified according to engine/propeller location and drive as well as the lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft), Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).

Conventional and three surface layouts

The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.

Direct drive

Prop ahead of tail

Between booms or frames

• Abrams P-1 Explorer 1937, 1 built
• Acapella 200 1982 homebuilt, 1 built ^[1]
• AD Scout 1915 interceptor, 4 built
• ADI Condor 1981 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built
• AEA June Bug 1908 experimental, 1 built
• AEA Silver Dart 1909, first flight in Canada, 1 built
• Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II 1984 2 seat homebuilt^[2]
• AGO C.II 1915 reconnaissance biplane, 15 built
• AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac 2014 reconnaissance attack, 1 built
• Airco DH.1 1915 biplane, 2 seat, 100 built,
• Airco DH.2 1915 biplane fighter, 453 built
• Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-26 Moseppl 1970 1 seat powered sailplane, unk no. built
• Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-28 Avispa 1972 2 seat transport, 1 built
• Alaparma Baldo 1949 1 seat, ca.35 built
• Anderson Greenwood AG-14 1950 2 seats, 6 built
• Applebay Zia 1982 1 seat ultralight motorglider, 4 built
• Avro 508 1915, 1 built
• Baldwin Red Devil 1911 aerobatic biplane, 6 built
• Blackburn Triplane 1917 fighter, 1 built
• Breguet Bre.5 1915 2 seat military biplane, unk no. built
• Bristol Boxkite 1910 trainer, 78 built
• Cessna XMC 1971 research aircraft, 1 built
• Cody British Army Aeroplane No 1 1908, 1 built
• Cody Michelin Cup Biplane 1910, 1 built
• Cody Circuit of Britain biplane 1911, 1 built
• Cody V biplane 1912, 2 built
• Cody VI biplane/floatplane 1913, 1 built
• Curtiss No. 1 1909 Golden Flyer biplane, 1 built
• Curtiss No. 2 1909 Reims racer biplane, 1 built
• Curtiss Model D 1911 biplane, 1 seat
• Curtiss Model E 1911 biplane floatplane, 17+ built
• Curtiss Autoplane 1917 (hops only) roadable aircraft, 1 built
• de Schelde Scheldemusch 1935 1 seat biplane trainer, 6 built
• de Schelde S.21 fighter mockup, 1940 (unflown)
• Edgley Optica 1979 ducted fan observation aircraft 21 built
• Fane F.1/40 1941 observation monoplane, 1 built
• Farman HF.20 1913 military biplane, unk no. built
• Farman MF.11 1913 biplane, unk no. built
• Farman F.30 1915 military biplane, unk no. built
• Farman F.40 1915 military biplane, unk no. built
• Fokker F.25 Promotor 1946 transport, 20 built
• Friedrichshafen FF.34 1916 patrol seaplane, 1 built
• General Aircraft GAL.33 Cagnet 1939 trainer, 1 built
• General Aircraft GAL.47 1940 observation, 1 built
• Grahame-White Type X Charabanc 1913 transport, 1 built
• Grahame-White Type XI 1914 reconnaissance biplane, 1 built
• Grahame-White Type XV 1913 trainer, 135 built
• Häfeli DH-1 1916 reconnaissance biplane, 6 built
• Hanriot H.110 1933 fighter, 1 built
• Henderson H.S.F.1 1929 transport, 1 built^[3]
• Heston JC.6/AOP 1947 2 seat reconnaissance, 2 built
• HFL Stratos 300 1996 1 seat ultralight motorglider^[4]
• Howard Wright 1910 Biplane 1910, 7 built
• Otto C.I 1915 reconnaissance biplane, unk no. built
• Pemberton-Billing P.B.25 1915 scout, 20 built
• Port Victoria P.V.4 1917 floatplane, 1 built.
• Potez 75 1953 reconnaissance, 1 built
• Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.1 1910 biplane, 1 built
• Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2 1915 military biplane, 1939 built
• Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.8 1915 biplane fighter, 295 built
• Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.9 1917 2 seat fighter, 3 built
• Royal Aircraft Factory N.E.1 1917 night fighter, 6 built
• Saab 21 1943 fighter, 298 built
• SAIMAN LB.2 1937 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
• Savoia-Pomilio SP.3 1917 reconnaissance biplane ca.350 built
• SCAL FB.30 Avion Bassou 1936 2 seat light aircraft, 2 built
• SECAN Courlis 1946 transport, unk no. built
• Short S.38 1912, 48 built
• Short S.80 Nile Pusher Biplane Seaplane 1913, 1 built
• Short S.81 1914, 1 built
• SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera 1962 4 seat amphibian, 29 built
• SNCASO SO.8000 Narval 1949 naval fighter, 2 built
• Sopwith Bat Boat 1913, 6 built
• Sopwith Gunbus 1914, 35 built (including floatplanes)
• Stearman-Hammond Y-1 1934 safety airplane ca.20 built
• Vickers F.B.5 1914, 224 built
• Vickers F.B.12 1916 fighter, ca.22 built
• Vickers F.B.26 Vampire 1917, 4 built
• Vickers VIM 1920, 35 built
• Voisin-Farman I 1907, 60 built
• L series 1914 bomber, ca.3200 built^[5]
• Vultee XP-54 1943 fighter, 2 built
• Wight Pusher Seaplane 1914, 11 built

Coaxially on rear fuselage

• Brditschka HB-3 1971 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built
• Buselec 2, 2010 project, with electric motor^[6]
• Gallaudet D-4 1918 seaplane, 2 built
• Austria Krähe 1960 1 seat motorglider, unk no. built
• Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.3/A.E.1 1913 armoured biplane, 1 built
• Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.6, 1914, 1 built
• RFB/Grumman American Fanliner 1973, 2 seats, 2 built
• RFB Fantrainer 1977, 2 seats, 47 built
• Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 27 built
• Rhein Flugzeugbau Sirius I 1969, 2 seats^[7]
• Vickers Type 161 1931 fighter, 1 built

Nacelle above fuselage

• AD Flying Boat, Supermarine Channel & Sea Eagle 1916 patrol and airline flying boat, 27 built.
• Aeromarine 40 1919 flying boat trainer, 50 built
• Aeromarine 50 1919 transort flying boat, unk no. built
• Aichi AB-4 1932 flying boat, 6 built
• Aichi E10A 1934 reconnaissance flying boat, 15 built
• Aichi E11A 1937 reconnaissance flying boat, 17 built
• Airmax Sea Max 2005 2 seat biplane amphibian, unk no. built
• Amiot 110-S 1931 patrol flying boat, 2 built
• Benoist XIV 1913 transport flying boat, 2 built
• Beriev MBR-2 1931 flying boat, 1365 built
• Beriev MBR-7 1937 flying boat, unk no. built
• Boeing B-1 1919 transport flying boat, 1 built
• Boeing Model 204 Thunderbird 1929 flying boat, 7 built
• Boeing-Canada 213 Totem 1932 flying boat, 1 built^[8]
• CAMS 30 1922 flying boat trainer, 31 built
• CAMS 31 1922 flying boat fighter, 2 built
• CAMS 37 1926 reconnaissance flying boat, 332 built
• CAMS 38 1923 racing flying boat, 1 built
• CAMS 46 1926 flying boat trainer, unk. no built
• Canadian Vickers Vedette 1924 forestry patrol flying boat, 60 built
• Canadian Vickers Vista 1927 1 seat monoplane flying boat, 1 built
• CANT 7 1924 flying boat trainer, 34 built
• CANT 10 1925 flying boat airliner, 18 built
• CANT 18 1926 flying boat trainer, 29 built
• CANT 25 1927 flying boat fighter, unk no. built
• Curtiss Model F 1912 flying boat, 150+ built
• Curtiss HS 1917 patrol flying boat, ca.1,178 built
• Curtiss-Wright CA-1 1935 amphibious flying boat, 3 built
• CZAW Mermaid 2005 2 seat amphibious biplane, unk no. built
• Donnet-Denhaut flying boat 1915 patrol flying boat, ca. 1,085 built
• Dornier Do 12 1932 amphibian, 4 seats, 1 built
• Dornier Do 18 1935 monoplane flying boat, 170 built
• FBA Type A, B, C 1913 patrol flying boat, unk no. built
• FBA Type H 1915 patrol flying boat, ~2000 built
• FBA 17 1923 flying boat trainer, 300+ built
• FBA 290 1931, amphibious flying boat trainer, 10 built
• FBA 310 1930 amphibious flying boat transport, 9 built
• Fizir AF-2 1931 amphibious flying boat trainer, 1 built
• Fokker B.I & III 1922 biplane reconnaissance flying boat, 2 built
• Fokker F.11/B.IV 1928 monoplane transport flying boat, 7 built
• General Aviation PJ 1933 monoplane flying boat, 5 built
• Grigorovich M-5 1915 patrol flying boat, ca.300 built
• Grigorovich M-9 1916 patrol flying boat, ca.500 built
• Grigorovich M-11 1916 fighter flying boat, ca.60 built
• Grigorovich M-15 1917 patrol flying boat, unk no. built
• Hansa-Brandenburg CC 1916 flying boat fighter, 73 built
• Hansa-Brandenburg W.20 1918 U-boat flying boat, 3 built
• Ikarus ŠM 1924 flying boat trainer, 42 built
• Kawanishi E11K 1937 monoplane flying boat, 2 built
• Lake Buccaneer 1959 amphibian, 4 seats, 1000+ built
• Loening XSL 1931 submarine airplane, 1 built
• Lohner E 1913, ca.40 built
• Lohner L, R and S 1915, 100+ built
• Loire 50 1933 training amphibian, 7 built
• Loire 130 1934 reconnaissance flying boat, 125 built
• Macchi L.2 1916, reconnaissance flying boat, 17 built
• Macchi M.3 1916, reconnaissance flying boat, 200 built
• Macchi M.5 1917, flying boat fighter, 244 built
• Macchi M.7 1918 flying boat fighter, 100+ built
• Macchi M.9 1918 flying boat bomber, 30 built
• Macchi M.12 1918 flying boat bomber, ca.10 built
• Macchi M.18 1920 flying boat, 90+ built
• Macchi M.26 1924 flying boat fighter, 2 built
• Macchi M.41 1927 flying boat fighter, 42 built
• Microleve Corsario 1988 ultralight amphibious homebuilt, unk no. built
• Norman Thompson N.T.2B 1917 flying boat trainer, 100+ built
• Norman Thompson N.T.4 1916 patrol flying boat, 72 built
• Nikol A-2 1939 amphibious flying boat trainer, 1 built
• Oeffag-Mickl G 1916 trimotor patrol flying boat, 12 built
• Osprey Osprey 2 1973 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built
• Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe 1925 flying boat, 3 built
• Rohrbach Ro X Romar 1928 flying boat, 3 built
• Royal Aircraft Factory C.E.1 1918 flying boat, 2 built
• Savoia-Marchetti S.57 1923 reconnaissance flying boat, 20 built
• Savoia-Marchetti S.59 1925 reconnaissance flying boat, 240+ built
• Savoia-Marchetti S.62 1926 reconnaissance flying boat, 175+ built
• Savoia-Marchetti S.64 1928 distance record monoplane, 2 built
• Savoia-Marchetti S.66 1931 airliner flying boat, 24 built
• Savoia-Marchetti SM.78 1932 patrol flying boat, 49 built
• Savoia-Marchetti SM.80bis 1933 transport amphibian, 1+ built
• SCAN 20 1945 flying boat trainer, 24 built
• SIAI S.9 1918 flying boat, unk no. built
• SIAI S.12 1918 flying boat, 1 built
• SIAI S.13 1919 reconnaissance flying boat, unk no. built
• SIAI S.16 1919 flying boat, 100+ built
• SIAI S.51 1922 racing flying boat, 1 built
• SIAI S.67 1930 flying boat fighter, 3 built
• SNCAO 30 1938 flying boat trainer, 2 built
• Sperry Land and Sea Triplane 1918 patrol flying boat, 2 built
• Supermarine Baby 1918 flying boat fighter, 1 built
• Supermarine Commercial Amphibian 1920, 1 built
• Supermarine Scarab 1923, 12 built
• Supermarine Seal 1921, 4+ built
• Supermarine Seagull 1921, 34 built
• Supermarine Sea Eagle 1923, 3 built
• Supermarine Sea Lion I & II 1919 racing flying boats, 2 built
• Supermarine Sheldrake 1927, 1 built
• Supermarine Seagull/Walrus 1933 military flying boat, 740 built
• Taylor Coot 1969 2 seat homebuilt amphibian, 70 built
• Tellier T.3 and Tc.6 1917 patrol flying boat, ca.155 built
• Tisserand Hydroplum and SMAN Pétrel 1983 homebuilt amphibian, ca.63 built
• Tupolev MDR-2 1931 flying boat, 1 built
• Vickers Viking, Vulture and Vanellus 1919 amphibious flying boats, 34 built.
• Volmer VJ-21 Jaybird 1947 2 seat light aircraft, unk no. built
• Volmer VJ-22 Sportsman 1958 2 seat homebuilt amphibian, (not all are pushers), 100+ built
• Vought VE-10 Batboat 1919 navy flying boat, 1 built

Below tail boom

• Alpaero Sirius 1984 1 seat UL motorglider, 20 built
• AmEagle American Eaglet 1975 ultralight motorglider, 12 built
• Jean St-Germain Raz-Mut 1976 1 seat ultralight, 7 built
• Nelson Dragonfly 1947 motorglider, 7 built
• Taylor Tandem, unk no. built

Above tailboom, behind fuselage

• AAC SeaStar 1998 2 seat amphibious biplane, 91 built
• Advanced Aeromarine Buccaneer 1988 2 seat amphibious biplane, unk no. built
• Aerauto PL.5C 1949 1949 roadable aircraft, 1 built
• Aérostructure Lutin 80 1983 1 seat ultralight motorglider, 2 built^[9]
• Alpha J-5 Marco 1983 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built^[10]
• British Aircraft Company Drone 1932 1 seat ultralight, 33 built
• Curtiss-Wright Junior 1930 2 seat ultralight, 270 built
• Curtiss-Wright CW-3 Duckling 1931 ultralight amphibious flying boat, 3 built
• Fokker F.25 Promotor 1946 transport, 20 built
• Funk Fk6 1985 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built^[11]
• Janowski Don Kichot/J-1 1970 1 seat homebuilt, unk no. built^[10]
• Koolhoven F.K.30 Toerist 1927 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
• Loening Model 23 Air Yacht 1921 transport flying boat, 16 built
• Quad City Challenger 1983 2 seat ultralight, 3,000+ built
• Republic RC-3 Seabee 1945 4 seat amphibian, 1,060 built
• Siebel Si 201 1938 reconnaissance 2 built
• Spencer Air Car 1970 4 seat homebuilt amphibian, 51 built
• SZD-45 Ogar 1973 2 seat motorglider, 65 built
• Taylor Bird 1980 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built^[12]
• Technoflug Piccolo 1989 1 seat ultralight motorglider, unk no. built^[13]

Propeller behind the tail

• Air Quest Nova 21 1992 2 seat homebuilt, unk no. built^[14]
• Convair 111 Air Car 1945 roadable airplane, 1 built
• Prescott Pusher 1985 4 seat homebuilt, ca.30 built

Lateral behind wing

• AAC Angel, 1984 transport, 4 built
• Airco DH.3 1916 bomber, 2 built
• Avro 523 Pike 1916 bomber, 2 built
• Baumann Brigadier 1947 transport, 2 built
• Bell YFM-1 Airacuda 1937 interceptor, 13 built
• Boeing GA-1 1920 bomber 10 built
• Convair B-36 Peacemaker 1946 bomber, 384 built
• Curtiss H-1 America 1914 transatlantic biplane, 2 built
• EM-11 Orka 2003 4 seat transport, 5 built
• Friedrichshafen G.I 1915 bomber, 1 built
• Friedrichshafen G.II 1916 bomber, 35 built
• Friedrichshafen G.III 1917 bomber, 338 built
• Gotha G.II 1916 bomber, 11 built
• Gotha G.III 1916 bomber, 25 built
• Gotha G.IV 1916 bomber, 230 built
• Gotha G.V 1917 bomber, 205 built
• LFG Roland G.I 1915 bomber, 1 built
• Monsted-Vincent MV-1 Starflight 1948 airliner, 1 built
• Nord 2100 Norazur 1947 transport, 1 built
• OMA SUD Skycar 2007 transport, 1 built
• Piaggio P.136 1948 amphibious transport, 63 built
• Piaggio P.166 1957 transport, 145 built
• Piaggio P.180 Avanti 1986 executive transport, 216+ built
• Praga E-210 and E-211 1936 transport, 2 built^[15]
• Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.4 1916 bomber, 2 built
• Rumpler G.I, II and III 1915 bomber c.220 built
• Schutte-Lanz G.I 1915 bomber 1 built (behind wing)
• Udet U 11 Kondor 1926 airliner, 1 built

Lateral nacelles

• Custer Channel Wing 1942 experimental aircraft, 4 built
• Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector 1990 airliner, 2 built^[16]
• NAL Saras 2004 airliner, 2 built

Engines and props behind the pilot

• Birdman Chinook 1982 ultralight homebuilt, 1100+ built
• Ultralight trike or Flexwing
• Spectrum Beaver 1983 ultralight homebuilt, 2080+ built
• Paramotor or Powered paraglider
• Powered parachute

Remote drive

Propeller ahead of tail

Within airframe

• Fischer Fibo-2a 1954 1 seat motorglider, 1 built^[17]
• Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 Multoplan 1955 RFB Fantrainer prototype, 27 built^[18]
• Rhein-Flugzeugbau Sirius II 1972 2 seat motorglider, unk no. built^[7]
• Megone biplane 1913 2 seat, 1 built^[19]
• Neukom AN-20C 1983 1 seat ultralight homebuilt motorglider, 1 built

Behind wing

• Burgess model I 1913 patrol floatplane, 1 built
• Carden-Baynes Bee 1937 2 seat tourer, 1 built
• Eipper Quicksilver 1974 1 seat ultralight
• Mann & Grimmer M.1 1915, 1 built
• Raab Krähe 1958 1 seat motorglider, 30 built

Inside tail

• Bede XBD-2/BD-3 1961 ducted fan boundary layer control aircraft, 1 built ^[20]
• Mississippi State University XAZ-1 Marvelette 1962 experimental aircraft to test ideas XV-11 Marvel, 1 built
• Mississippi State University XV-11 Marvel 1965 boundary layer control test aircraft, 1 built

Behind tail

• Aceair AERIKS 200 2002 2 seat kitplane, 1 built
• Acme Sierra 1948 1 seat experimental, 1 built
• Aerocar Mini-IMP 1974 1 seat homebuilt, 250+ built^[21]
• Aerocar IMP 4 seat, 1 built
• AmEagle American Eaglet 1975 1 seat self-launching ultralight sailplane, 12 built
• Bede BD-5 1973 1 seat homebuilt, ca.150 built
• Bede BD-12 1998? 2 seat homebuilt, 1 built
• Cirrus VK-30 1988 4 seat homebuilt, ca.13 built
• Dornier Do 212 1942 experimental amphibian, 1 built^[22]
• Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster 1944, bomber, 2 built
• Douglas Cloudster II 1947 transport, 1 built
• Göppingen Gö 9 1941 experimental propulsion aircraft, 1 built
• Grinvalds Orion 1981 4 seat homebuilt, ca.17 built
• Grob GF 200 1991 transport, 1 built
• HPA Toucan 1972 human powered aircraft, 1 built^[23]
• Kasyanenko No. 5 1917 experimental biplane, 1 built^[24][25][26]
• LearAvia Lear Fan 1981 transport, 3 built^[27]
• LH Aviation LH-10 Ellipse 2007 2 seat homebuilt, 3 built
• Lockheed Big Dipper 1945 transport, 1 built ^[28]
• Miller JM-2 and Pushy Galore 1989 racer, 3 built^[29]
• Planet Satellite 1949 4 seat transport, 1 built
• Paulhan-Tatin Aéro-Torpille No.1 1911 monoplane, 1 built ^[30]
• Ryson STP-1 Swallow 1972 2 seat homebuilt motorglider, 1 built
• Taylor Aerocar 1949 2 seat roadable aircraft, 6 built
• Vmax Probe 1997 homebuilt racer, 1 built^[31]
• Waco Aristocraft 1947 transport, 1 built

Propeller above fuselage

• Schleicher ASH 26 1995 1 seat glider with retractable propeller, 234 built

Canard and tandem layouts

A canard is an aircraft with a smaller wing ahead of the main wing. A tandem layout has both front and rear wings of similar dimensions.

Remote engine mounting

• Dickey E-Racer 1986 homebuilt, unk no. built^[32][33]
• AeroVironment Gossamer Albatross 1979 human powered aircraft, 2 built
• AeroVironment Gossamer Condor 1977 human powered aircraft won Kremer prize, 1 built
• Kyūshū J7W, prototype fighter, 1 seat, 2130 hp, 1945, 2 built
• Langley Aerodrome Number 5 1896 experimental model^[23]
• Wright Flyer 1903 experimental aircraft, first recognized powered, sustained, heavier than air flight, 1 built
• Wright Model B 1910 biplane, ca.100 built

Direct drive

• AASI Jetcruzer 1989 transport, 3 built
• Ambrosini SS.2 & 3 1935 experimental aircraft, 2 built^{[note 1]}
• Ambrosini SS.4 1939 prototype fighter, 1 built
• Avtek 400 1984 transport, 1 built
• Beechcraft Starship 1989 airliner, 53 built
• Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender 1943 prototype fighter, 3 built
• Fabre Hydravion 1910, first successful floatplane, 1 built
• Gee Bee Model Q 1931 experimental, 1 built
• Lockspeiser LDA-01 1971 experimental scale development aircraft, 1 built
• Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-8 1945 transport prototype, 1 built
• Miles M.35 Libellula 1942, experimental tandem wing carrier-based fighter, 1 built
• Miles M.39B Libellula 1943, experimental (5/8 scale) tandem wing carrier-based bomber, 1 built
• OMAC Laser 300 1981, transport, 3 built
• Paulhan biplane 1910, 3 built
• Rutan Defiant 1978 4 seat homebuilt, 19 built
• Rutan Long-EZ 1979 2 seat homebuilt, ca.800 built
• Rutan VariEze 1975 2 seat homebuilt, ca.400 built
• Rutan VariViggen 1972 homebuilt, ca.20 built
• Rutan Voyager 1984 endurance record aircraft, 1 built^{[note 2]}
• Santos-Dumont 14-bis 1906 first public controlled sustained flight, 1 built
• Steve Wright Stagger-Ez 2003 modified Cozy homebuilt, 1 built
• Voisin Canard 1911 biplane, 10+ built

Tailless aircraft, flying wings and closed wing

Tailless aircraft lack a horizontal stabilizer, flying wings lack a distinct fuselage, with crew, engines, and payload contained within the wing structure.

• Ben Brown SC ca.1932, experimental joined wing, 1 built^[34]
• DINFIA IA 38 1960 trasnport, 1 built
• Dunne D.4 1908, 1 built
• Dunne D.5 1910, 1 built
• Dunne D.6 & D.7 1911 monoplane, 2 built
• Dunne D.8 1912, 5 built
• Fauvel AV.45 1960 1 seat motor glider, unk no. built
• Handley Page Manx 1943 experimental tailless aircraft, 1 built
• Horten V 1938 powered testbed, 3 built^[35]
• Kayaba Ku-4 1941 (not flown) research aircraft, 1 built
• Ligeti Stratos 1985 1 seat homebuilt, 2 built^[36]
• Lippisch Delta 1 1931, experimental tailless monoplane, 1 built^[37]
• M.L. Aviation Utility 1953 inflatable wing, 4 built
• Northrop N-1M 1940 experimental flying wing, 1 built
• Northrop N-9M 1942 experimental flying wing, 4 built
• Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet 1943 tailless fighter, 2 built
• Northrop B-35 1946 bomber, 4 built
• Pterodactyl Ascender 1979 1 seat ultralight, 1396 built
• Rohr 2-175 1974 2 seat roadable aircraft, 1 built^[38][39]
• Sud-Est SE-2100, prototype tourer, 2 seats, 140 hp, 1945 ^[40]
• Waterman Arrowbile 1937 roadable aircraft, 5 built
• Waterman Arrowplane 1935 roadable aircraft, 1 built
• Waterman Whatsit 1932 roadable aircraft, 1 built
• Westland-Hill Pterodactyl series 1928, several built

Rotorcraft

• Avian Gyroplane 1960, 2 seats, ca.6 built
• Bensen autogyros
• CarterCopter / Carter PAV
• Fairey Jet Gyrodyne experimental gyrodyne
• Wallis autogyros
• McDonnell XV-1 experimental compound helicopter, 550 hp
• Sikorsky X2 experimental compound helicopter
• Sikorsky S-97 Raider experimental compound helicopter

Push-pull aircraft

Sides of fuselage

• Bristol Braemar 1918 bomber, 2 built
• Dornier Do K 1929 airliner, 3 built
• Fokker F.32 1929 airliner, 7 built
• Farman F.121 Jabiru 1923 airliner, 9 built
• Farman F.220 1932 airliner and bomber, ca.80 built
• Handley Page V/1500 1918 bomber, 63 built
• Zeppelin-Staaken R.V 1917 bomber, 3 built

Above fuselage

• Bartini DAR 1936 patrol flying boat, 1 built
• Blériot 125 1931 airliner, 1 built
• Boeing XPB 1925 patrol flying boat, 1 built
• Bratu 220 1932 airliner, 1 built
• Bristol Pullman 1920 airliner, 1 built
• CAMS 33 1923 patrol flying boat, 21 built
• CAMS 51 1926 flying boat, 3 built
• CAMS 53 1928 transport flying boat, 30 built
• CAMS 55 1928 patrol flying boat, 112 built
• CAMS 58 1933 airliner flying boat, 4 built
• Caproni Ca.73 1925 bomber unk. no. built
• Caproni Ca.90 1929 bomber, 1 built
• Chyetverikov ARK-3 1936 flying boat, 7 built
• Comte AC-3 1930 bomber, 1 built
• Curtiss NC 1918 patrol flying boat, 10 built
• Dornier Do 18 1935 patrol flying boat, 170 built
• Dornier Do 26 1939 push-pull flying boat, 6 built
• Dornier Wal 1922 flying boat, ca.300 built
• Dornier Do P 1930 bomber, 1 built
• Dornier Do R Superwal 1926 airliner flying boat, 19 built
• Dornier Do S 1930 flying boat, 1 built^[41]
• Dornier X 1929 airliner flying boat, 3 built
• Farman F.180 1927 airliner, 3 built
• Felixstowe Porte Baby 1915 patrol flying boat, 11 built
• Hinkler Ibis 1930 2 seat monoplane, 1 built
• Johns Multiplane 1919 bomber, 1 built
• Kawasaki Ka 87 1926 bomber, 28 built
• Latécoère 21 1926 airliner flying boat, 7 built
• Latécoère 23 1927 transport flying boat, 1 built
• Latécoère 24 1927 mailplane flying boat, 1 built
• Latécoère 32 1928 mailplane flying boat, 8 built
• Latécoère 340 1930 airliner flying boat, 1 built
• Latécoère 380 1930 flying boat, 5 built
• Latécoère 500 1932 transport flying boat, 2 built
• Latham 47 1928 patrol flying boat, 16 built
• Lioré et Olivier LeO H-27 1933 mailplane flying boat 1 built
• Loire 70 1933 patrol flying boat, 8 built
• Macchi M.24 1924 flying boat, unk. no built
• Naval Aircraft Factory TF 1920 fighter flying boat, 4 built
• NVI F.K.33 1925 airliner, 1 built
• Savoia-Marchetti S.55 1924 flying boat, 243+ built
• Savoia-Marchetti S.63 1927 flying boat, 1 built^[42]
• SIAI S.22 1921 racing flying boat, 1 built
• Sikorsky XP2S 1932 patrol flying boat, 1 built^[43]
• Tupolev ANT-16 1933 bomber 1 built
• Tupolev ANT-20 1934 transport, 2 built
• Tupolev MTB-1 1934 patrol flying boat, 25 built

Extremities

• Aero Design DG-1 1977 push-pull racer, 1 built
• Caproni Ca.60 1921 airliner flying boat, 1 built
• Dornier Do 335 1943 push-pull fighter, 38 built
• Moynet Jupiter 1963 push-pull transport, 2 built
• Rutan Defiant 1978 transport, 19+ built
• Star Kraft SK-700 1994 push-pull transport,^[44]

On nose and between booms

• Adam A500 2002 push-pull transport, 7 built
• Bellanca TES distance record aircraft, 1 built
• Canaero Toucan 1986 ultralight, 16+ built
• Cessna Skymaster 1963 push-pull transport, 2993 built
• Fokker D.XXIII 1939 fighter, 1 built
• Moskalev SAM-13 1940 (unflown) push-pull fighter, 0 built^[45]
• Schweizer RU-38 Twin Condor 1995 push-pull reconnaissance aircraft, 5 built
• Savoia-Marchetti S.65 1929 racing floatplane 1 built
• Siemens-Schuckert DDr.I 1917 fighter, 1 built
• Thomas-Morse MB-4 1920 mailplane, 2+ built

On wings and between booms

• AD Seaplane Type 1000 1916 bomber, 1 built
• Anatra DE 1916 bomber, 1 built
• Caproni Ca.1 1914 bomber, 162 built
• Caproni Ca.2 1915 bomber, 9 built
• Caproni Ca.3 1916 bomber, ca.300 built
• Caproni Ca.4 1917 triplane bomber, 44-53 built
• Caproni Ca.5 1917 bomber, 662 built
• Gotha G.VI 1918 bomber, 2 built
• Grahame-White Ganymede 1919 bomber/airliner, 1 built

See also

• Push-pull configuration
• Tractor configuration
• Pusher configuration

References

Notes

1. see Ambrosini SS.4#Development
2. Extension shaft on aft engine. The tractor engine only used during take-off and climb

Citations

1. Aircraft N455CB, ACAPELLA
2. Air-Britain:Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II
3. Ord-Hume, Arthur (August 1975). "(article)". Aeroplane Monthly. pp. 415–419.
4. Photos & History: HFL Flugzeugbau Stratos 300
5. French Voisin III bomber
6. Propeller spins with motor around tail boom
7. RFB Rhein Flugzeugbau
8. http://1000aircraftphotos.com/Contributions/4043.htm Boeing Canada A-213 Totem
9. http://www.caea.info/fr/coll/lutin.php
10. Janowski Aircraft
11. Fk History
12. id=XtQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=C.G.+Taylor+bird&source=bl&ots=leeqnBYZ08&sig=pSwZ2pG1LrSD0piy8dOiNdRQVOg&hl=fr&ei=R8ieTuH-G7HN4QTAsdXgCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&sqi=2&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=C.G.%20Taylor%20bird&f=false Popular Mechanics
13. Technoflug Piccolo GOQ
14. Air Quest Nova 21
15. Google search
16. CBA 123 Vector photos on Airliners.net
17. J2mcL Planeurs - Fiche planeur n° 3047
18. Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 - Sportflugzeug
19. Megone biplane
20. Airliners.net
21. Aerocar mini-IMP
22. Flight 1941,
23. FLYING MACHINES - Langley Aerodrome No. 5
24. "Les avions de chasse russes et soviétiques 1915-1950", Herbert Léonard, Editions Heimdal 1995, page 31
25. "The Brothers Kasianenko"
27. Flashback to 1981: A Look Back at the Lear Fan | Flying Magazine
28. http://www.aerofiles.com/lock-dipper.jpg
29. Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Pushy Galore
30. Paulhan, Tatin Aero-Torpille
31. VmaxProbe
32. Alternative Engines, Volume1, Mick Myal
33. E-Racer in Stargazer database
34. Julian Wolkovitch AC A Industries, Inc., "The Joined Wing: An Overview" (PDF), Journal of Aircraft: 176–177
35. Horten Nurflugels
36. Ligeti Stratos History (archived)
37. "New Triangle Plane Is Tailless", December 1931, Popular Science article and photo of Delta I at bottom of page 65
38. Rohr 2-175
39. Image from nuricom.de
40. Bridgman, Leonard (1952). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1948. London: Sampson, Low, Marston and Co. Ltd. p. 159c-160c.
41. url=http://www.histaviation.com/Dornier_Do_S.html accessdate=Feb 2016
42. Giorgio Bignozzi e Roberto Gentilli, AEROPLANI S.I.A.I. 1915-1935" - Edizioni Aeronautiche Italiane S.r.l.
43. url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_sik.html accessdate=Feb 2016
44. Star Kraft SK-700

Bibliography