List of rulers of Prome

This is a list of rulers of Prome (Pyay) from the end of Pagan period to the beginning of Restored Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). Strategically located at the border of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, the city of Prome (Pyay) was governed closely by the central government throughout the Small Kingdoms period (1287–1555). Unlike in other locations, the high kings at Ava by and large did not allow hereditary viceroyship at Prome. A new governor, usually a senior prince close to the royal family, was appointed. The arrangement broke down in 1482 when the Prome Kingdom gained independence from Ava. In the early 17th century, Restored Toungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawaddy valley.[note 1] After Pye Min, the office became strictly an appointed mayoralty, with the title of the office changed to wun (mayor/minister) from hitherto prevalent titles min (viceroy) or ne-sa (governor).[1]

List of rulers

The following list is per the standard Burmese chronicles Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin, unless otherwise noted.[2][3] The Yazawin Thit chronicle reports a slightly different list; most notably, it does not accept that Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa was governor between 1415 and 1416.[4]

Name Term From Term Until Relationship to predecessor(s) Overlord Notes
Thihathu I 1275[note 2] 1288 Appointed Narathihapate (1275–87) In revolt (1287–88)
Pazzawta c. 1288 c. 1305 Chief Minister of Thihathu I Kyawswa (1289–97)
Myinsaing brothers (1297–1310)		 According to Yazawin Thit
Kyaswa c. 1305 c. 1344 Younger brother of Thihathu I Myinsaing brothers (1297–1310)
Thihathu (1310–25)
Saw Yan Naung c. 1344 1377/78 Grandson of Thihathu I Pinya kings (c. 1344–64)
Thado Minbya (1364–67)
Swasawke (1367–77/78)		 Elder brother of Swasawke of Ava
Myet-Hna Shay 1377/78 c. February 1389 Nephew Swasawke
Htihlaing c. April 1389 1393 Appointed Swasawke
Letya Pyanchi 1393 1415 Appointed Swasawke (1393–1400)
Tarabya (1400)
Minkhaung I (1400–05)
Sokkate 1415 1415 (3 months) Appointed Minkhaung I
Minye Kyawswa I 1415[note 3] 1416 Appointed Minkhaung I Minye Kyawswa Saw Shet Khet, not the crown prince, per Yazawin Thit
Thihathu II 1416 1419 Appointed Minkhaung I
Minye Kyawswa II 1419 1425 Appointed Minkhaung I (1419–21)
Thihathu (1421–25)		 aka Saw Shwe Khet
Min Maha 1425 1429 Appointed Min Hla Nge (1425)
Kale Kyetaungnyo (1425–26)
Mohnyin Thado (1426–29)		 Reappointed to be governor of Sagaing
Thihathu III 1429 25 April 1442 Appointed Mohnyin Thado (1429–39)
Minyekyawswa (1439–42)		 Later known as King Narapati I of Ava
Minye Kyawswa III 25 April 1442 January 1446 Appointed Narapati I Brother-in-law of Narapati I; Reappointed to be governor of Tharrawaddy
Mingyi Swa January 1446 1482 Appointed Narapati I (1446–68)
Thihathura I (1468–80)
Minkhaung II (1480–82)
Thado Minsaw 1482 1526 Son of Narapati of Ava None Independent
Bayin Htwe 1526 c. December 1532 Son None Independent
Narapati c. December 1532 c. February 1539 Son Thohanbwa Vassal of Confederation of Shan States
Minkhaung c. February 1539 19 May 1542 Brother Thohanbwa Vassal of Confederation of Shan States
Thado Dhamma Yaza I 19 May 1542 30 August 1551 Appointed Tabinshwehti (1542–50) Nanny of Tabinshwehti; In revolt (1550–51)
Thado Dhamma Yaza II 30 August 1551 Nov/Dec 1588 Appointed Bayinnaung (1551–81)
Nanda (1581–88)		 Younger brother of Bayinnaung
Thado Dhamma Yaza III 26 February 1589 15 September 1597 Appointed Nanda (1588–1594) Son of Nanda; in revolt (1595–97)
Yan Naing 17 September 1597 13 July 1608[5] Usurper None Independent; Taken to Ava as POW
Thado Dhamma Yaza IV 2 November 1620[6] 9 July 1628 Appointed Anaukpetlun (1620–28) Later known as King Thalun
Udein Kyawhtin June 1630[7] 1648? Appointed Thalun
Pye Min 13 September 1650 3 June 1661 Appointed Pindale

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214–216) and (Maha Yazawin 2006: 163–165) for Prome's leadership changes during the Pinya and Ava periods. See (Lieberman 2003: 161–162) for abolishing of hereditary viceroyships.
  2. ↑ Per scholarship (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326, footnote 1). Both standard chronicles Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163) and Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214) state that the city of Prome was reestablished by Thihathu of Prome, a son of Narathihapate, in 604 ME (1242/1243 CE). However, Thihathu could not have founded the city in 1242/1243 since his father Narathihapate was born only in 1238. Scholarship gives 1275.
  3. ↑ Both Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163) and Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214) state that Minye Kyawswa was governor for 9 months before he was called back to Ava to be appointed heir apparent. But the chronicles' narrative is inconsistent with their own reporting (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 471) which says Minye Kyawswa was appointed heir apparent in 1406/1407. Maha Yazawin in particular was egregiously inconsistent; (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163) says Minye Kyawswa was governor of Prome between 1415 and 1416 even though it (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 39) also says the crown prince died on 13 March 1415. The Yazawin Thit chronicle (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326) corrects Maha Yazawin's inconsistent narrative, saying that the Minye Kyawswa who was governor in 1415–16 was Saw Shwe Khet, who would again be appointed governor between 1419 and 1425. But Hmannan rejects Yazawin Thit's correction. Instead, Hmannan changes the death date of Minye Kyawswa to two years later, 24 March 1417.

References

  1. ↑ Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 271–272
  2. ↑ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 163–165
  3. ↑ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 214–216
  4. ↑ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 326
  5. ↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 148): 1st waxing of Wagaung 970 ME = 13 July 1608
  6. ↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 183–184): Monday, 9th waxing of Tazaungmon 982 ME = 2 November 1620
  7. ↑ (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 201): Waso 992 ME = 10 June 1630 to 9 July 1630

Bibliography

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