List of nearest galaxies

This is a list of known galaxies within 3.59 megaparsecs (11.7 million light-years) of the Solar System, in ascending order of distance. This encompasses all of the about 50 Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.

The list aims to reflect current knowledge:

• Not all galaxies within the 3.59 Mpc radius have been discovered. Nearby dwarf galaxies are still being discovered, and galaxies located behind the central plane of the Milky Way are extremely difficult to discern. It is possible for any galaxy to mask another located beyond it.

Intergalactic distance measurements are subject to large uncertainties. Figures listed are composites of many measurements, some of which may have had their individual error bars tightened to the point of no longer overlapping with each other.^[1]

List

#		Galaxy	Type	Dist from Earth		Magnitude		Group Membership	Notes
				Mly	Mpc	M	m
1		Milky Way	SBbc	0.027[2]	0.008[2]	−20.8 [1]	n/a	Local Group	Home galaxy of Earth
2		Canis Major Dwarf	Irr (status as galaxy disputed)	0.025[3]	0.008	−14.5	23.3	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
3		Sagittarius Dwarf Sphr SagDEG	dSph/E7	0.081	0.024[4]	−12.67[4]	4.5[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way (partial accretion by Milky Way)
4		Ursa Major II Dwarf	dSph	0.098	0.030	−4.2	14.3	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
5		Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)	Irr/SB(s)m	0.163	0.050[4]	−17.93[4]	0.9[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
6		Boötes I	d Sph	0.197[5]	0.060	−5.8[6]	13.1	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
7		Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292)	SB(s)m pec	0.206	0.063[4]	−16.35[4]	2.7[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
8		Ursa Minor Dwarf	dE4	0.206	0.063[4]	−7.13[4]	11.9[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
9		Draco Dwarf (DDO 208)	dE0 pec	0.258	0.079[4]	−8.74[4]	10.9[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter
10		NGC 2419	Glob Clus	0.275	0.084	−9.5/−11 ?	9.06		Brightest remote MW globular cluster
11		Sextans Dwarf Sph	dSph	0.281	0.086[4]	−7.98[4]	12[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
12		Sculptor Dwarf (E351-G30)	dE3	0.287	0.088[4]	−9.77[4]	10.1[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
13		Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph)	dSph	0.330	0.10[7]	−6.75[7]		Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
14		Carina Dwarf (E206-G220)	dE3	0.330	0.10[4]	−8.97[7]	11.3[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
15		Fornax Dwarf (E356-G04)	dSPh/E2	0.46	0.14[1]	−11.5[4]	9.28[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
16		Leo II Dwarf (Leo B, DDO 93)	dE0 pec	0.701[8]	0.215	−9.23[4]	12.45[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
17		Leo I Dwarf (DDO 74, UGC 5470)	dE3	0.820[8]	0.25	−10.97[4]	11.18[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
18		Leo T Dwarf	G[5]	1.370	0.42[9]		16[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way?
19		Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy (P 6830)	IAm	1.44	0.44	−10.22[4]	13.07[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
20		Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822)	IB(s)m IV-V	1.630[8]	0.50	−15.22[4]	9.32[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
21		MGC1[10]	Glob Clus	2	0.615	−9.2		Local Group	Isolated cluster at ~200 kpc from M31
22		NGC 185	dE3 pec	2.010 [11]	0.62	−14.76[4]	9.99[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
23		Andromeda II	dE0	2.130 [11]	0.65	−9.33[4]	15.10[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
24		IC 10 (UGC 192)	dIrr IV/BCD[5]	2.2	0.67	−15.57[4]	12.2[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
25		NGC 147 (DDO 3)	dE5 pec	2.200[11]	0.68	−14.9[4]	10.36[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
26		Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69)	IBm V	2.250[8]	0.80[12]	−11.68[12]	12.92	Local Group	Satellite of Milky Way
27		IC 1613 (UGC 668)	IAB(s)m V	2.350[8]	0.72	−14.51[4]	9.92[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
28		Andromeda I	dE3 pec	2.430[11]	0.75	−10.87[4]	13.9[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
29		Andromeda III	dE2	2.440[11]	0.75	−9.30[4]	15.20[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
30		Cetus Dwarf	dSph/E4	2.460[11]	0.75	−10.18[4]	14.4[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda[4]
31		M32 (NGC 221)	E2	2.480;[8]	0.76	−15.96[4]	8.73[1]	Local Group	Close Satellite of Andromeda
32		Cassiopeia Dwarf (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII)	dSph	2.490[11]	0.76	−11.67[4]	13.65[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda[4]
33		Andromeda IX	dE	2.500[11]	0.77	−7.5[4]		Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda[4]
34		LGS 3	dIrr/dSph	2.510[11]	0.77	−7.96[4]	16.18[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Triangulum
35		Andromeda V	dSph	2.52[11]	0.77	−8.41[4]	16.67[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda[4]
36		Pegasus Dwarf Sph (And VI)	dSph	2.55[11]	0.78	−10.80[4]	14.05[1]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda[4]
37		Andromeda VIII	dSph[13]	2.7	0.828	−15.6	9.1	Local Group	Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[13]
—		Andromeda Galaxy (M31)	SA(s)b	2.56[11]	0.79	−21.58[4]	4.17[1]	Local Group	Largest Galaxy in the Local Group, with at least 19 satellite galaxies
38		Triangulum Galaxy (M33)	SAc	2.64 [11]	0.81	−18.87[4]	6.19[1]	Local Group	Most distant (difficult) naked eye object
39		M110 (NGC 205)	E6p	2.69 [11]	0.83	−16.15[4]	8.72[1]	Local Group	Close Satellite of Andromeda
40		Andromeda XXI[14]		2.8	0.86	−9.9		Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
41		Andromeda XXII[14]	<dSph	3.22	0.987		6.5	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
42		Tucana Dwarf	dE5	2.87	0.88[4]	−9.16	15.7[1]	Local Group[4]	Isolated group member — a 'primordial' galaxy[15]
43		Andromeda X	dSph[5]	2.90	0.889	−8.1[16]	16.1[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006
44		Pegasus Dwarf Irregular (DDO 216)	dIrr/DSph[5]	3.00 [11]	0.92	−11.47[4]	13.21[5]	Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda
45		Andromeda XIX[17]		3.04	0.933	−9.3		Local Group	Satellite of Andromeda, spread over 1.7 kpc
46		Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221)	Ib(s)m[5]	3.16	0.97[12]	−14.06[12]	11.03[5]	Local Group	Isolated member at the edge of the local group
47		Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG)	IB(s)m V[5]	3.39	1.04[4]	−11.49	15.5	Local Group[1]	Isolated group member
48		Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy (DDO 210)	Im V	3.49 [11]	1.07 / 0.94[12]	−11.09[12]	14.0[5]	Local Group	Isolated group member
49		UGC 4879 (VV124)[18]		3.59	1.1	−11.5[12]		Local Group
50		Antlia Dwarf	dE3.5[5]	4.08	1.25[12]	−9.63[12]	16.19[1]	Local Group	May have interacted with NGC 3109[19]
51		Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75)	IBm[5]	4.31[20]	1.32	−13.95[4]	11.86[5]	Local Group[1]	Isolated group member
52		NGC 3109	SB(s)m	4.24	1.30[19]	−15.68[1]	10.39[1]	Local Group
53		Andromeda XVIII[17]		4.42	1.355	−9.7		Local Group
54		Sextans B (UGC 5373)	IM IV-V[5]	4.44	1.44[12]	−14.08[12]	11.85[5]	Local Group[1]
55		KKh 060	Ir	4.89	1.5[1]		18B[5]
56		KUG 1210+301B (KK98 127)	S..	4.89	1.5[1]		15.7[5]	between LG and M94	Pair?
57		HIZSS 003		5.5	1.69[12]	−12.60[12]	18B[5]	Far below the SG plane	Hidden by the Milky Way
58		KKR 25	Ir	6.07	1.86[1]	−9.94[12]	17.0[5]
59		ESO 410-G005	E3[5]	6.33	1.94[12]	−11.60[12]	14.85[5]	NGC 55 & 300
60		ESO 294-010	dS0/Im[5]	6.26[21]	1.96[12]	−10.95[12]	15.6[5]	NGC 55 & 300
61		IC 5152	IA(s)m[5]	6.42	1.97[12]	−15.56[12]	11.06[5]	NGC 55 & 300 ?	Remotely on the side of NGC 55
62		GR 8 (DDO 155)	ImV[5]	6.95	2.13[12]	−12.14[12]	14.65[5]	Inner edge of M94 Group	"footprint galaxy"
63		KKR 03 (KK98 230)	dwarf Irr	6.98	2.14[12]	−9.8	17.90[5]	Inner edge of M94 Group
64		NGC 300	SA(s)d[5]	7.01	2.15[21]	−17.92[1]	8.95[5]	Inner edge of Sculptor group	forms pair with NGC 55
65		NGC 55	SB(s)m: sp[5]	7.08	2.17[12]	−18.47[12]	8.84[1]	Inner edge of Sculptor group	Forms pair with NGC 300
66		UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018)	IB(s)m pec:[5]	7.24	2.22[12]	−12.92[12]	13.86[1]	NGC 55 & 300
67		UGC 09128 (DDO 187)	ImIV-V	7.3	2.24[12]	−12.47[12]	14.38[5]	Inner edge of M94 Group
68		IC 3104	IB(s)m	7.40	2.27[1]	−14.85[12]	13.63[5]		On the way to Circinus galaxy
69		IC 4662 (ESO 102- G 014)	IBm	7.96	2.44[12]	−15.56[12]	11.74[5]		On the way to Circinus galaxy
70		KKh 98	Irr	7.99	2.45[1]	−10.78[1]	16.7[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
71		UGC 8508 (I Zw 060)	IAm	8.35 [22]	2.69[12]	−13.09[12]	14.40[5]	M94 Group
72		KKh 086	Ir	8.51	2.60[12]	−10.30[12]	16.8[5]		Isolated (M94/Cent A)
73		DDO 99 (UGC 06817)	Im	8.61	2.64[1]–3.9[5]	−13.52[12]	13.4[5]	M94 Group
74		UGC 07577 (DDO 125)	Im	8.94	2.74[12]	−14.32[12]	12.84[5]	M94 Group
75		UGC 9240 (DDO 190)	IAm	9.10	2.80[12]	−14.19[12]	13.25[5]	M94 Group
76		Dwingeloo 1	SB(s)cd	9.13	2.8[1]	−18.78	19.8[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
77		Maffei 2	SAB(rs)bc	9.13	2.8[1]	−20.15[4]	14.77[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
78		UGCA 276 (DDO 113)	Im	9.32	2.86[1]		15.40[5]	M94 Group
79		NGC 4214 (UGC 07278)	IAB(s)m	9.58	2.94[1]		10.24[5]	M94 Group	Starburst galaxy
80		UGCA 86	SAB(s)m[23]	9.65	2.96[24]		13.5[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
81		NGC 4163		9.65	2.96[24]		14.5[5]	M94 Group
82		Dwingeloo 2	Im?	9.78	3.0[1]	−14.55[1]	20.5[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
83		KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53)	dE/N	9.78	3.0[1]	−13.35[4]	16.2[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
84		KKH 12	Ir	9.78	3.0[1]	−13.03	17.8[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
85		MB 3	dSph	9.78	3.0[1]	−13.65[4]	19.8[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
86		MB 1 (KK98 21)	SAB(s)d?	9.78	3.0[1]	−14.81[4]	20.5[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
87		Maffei 1	S0- pec	9.78	3.0[1]	−18.97[4]	11.4[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
88		UGCA 92	Im?[5]	9.82	3.01[24]		13[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
89		UGC 8651 (DDO 181)	Im	9.82	3.01[1]		14.7[5]	M94 Group
90		ESO 274-01[25]		10.1	3.09		11.7	Centaurus A Group
91		UGCA 292 (DDO 125)	ImIV-V	10.11	3.1[1]		16.0[5]	M94 Group
92		NGC 3741	ImIII/BCD	10.21 [22]	3.13		14.3[5]	M94 Group
93		KK98 35	Irr	10.31	3.16[1]	−14.30	17.2[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
94		HIPASS J1247-77	Im	10.31	3.16[26]		17.B[5]		Aligned with IC 3104
95		NGC 2366	IB(s)m	10.40 [22]	3.19		11.43[5]	M81 group
96		UGCA 133 (DDO 44)	Im	10.40 [22]	3.19		15.54[5]	M81 group
97		ESO 321-014[25]		10.40 [25]	3.19		15.16	Centaurus A Group
98		UGC 8833	Im	10.41	3.19[1]		16.5[5]	M94 Group
99		UGC 4483	BlueCG	10.47 [22]	3.21		15.2[5]	M81 group
100		NGC 404	SA(s)0-:[5]	10.56	3.24[12]	−16.61[12]	11.21[5]		'Mirach's Ghost'
101		UGCA 105	Im?	10.63 [22]	3.26	−16.81	13.9[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
102		IC 342	SAB(rs)cd[5]	10.70	3.28[1]	−20.69[1]	9.37[1]	IC 342/Maffei Group	"the hidden galaxy"
103		Cas 1 (KK98 19)	dwarf Irr	10.76	3.3[1]	−16.70	16.38[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
104		NGC 2403	SAB(s)cd HII	10.76	3.30[4]	−19.29	8.93[5]	M81 group
105		Camelopardalis B	Irr	10.80 [22]	3.31	−11.85	16.1[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
106		UGCA 015 (DDO 6)	IB(s)m	10.90	3.34[4]	−12.50[4]	15.19[5]	Sculptor group
107		NGC 1569 (UGC 03056)	IBm;Sbrst[5]	10.96	3.36[27]	−18.17[1]	11.86[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
108		KKH 37 (Mai 16)	S/Irr	11.06	3.39[26]		16.4[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
109		Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305)	Im	11.06 [22]	3.39		11.1[5]	M81 group
110		NGC 5102	SA0- HII	11.09	3.40[1]	−18.08.56	10.35[5]	Centaurus A Group
111		NGC 5237		11.09	3.40;[25]			Centaurus A Group
112		ESO325-11		11.09	3.40;[25]			Centaurus A Group
113		ESO 540-030 (KDG 2)	IABm	11.10	3.40[4]	−11.39	16.45[5]	Sculptor group
114		FM2000 1	dSph?	11.15 [22]	3.42		17.5[5]	M81 group
115		ESO 540-032	IAB(s)m pec:	11.15	3.42[4]	−11.32[4]	16.55[5]	Sculptor group
116		NGC 1560	SA(s)d HII	11.25	3.45[1]	−16.87[4]	12.16[5]	IC 342/Maffei Group
117		ESO 383-087 (ISG 39)	SB(s)dm	11.3	3.45[25]	−15.16[1]	11.03[5]	Centaurus A Group
118		NGC 5206		11.3	3.47;[25]			Centaurus A Group
119		KK 179 (ESO 269-37)		11.4	3.48[25]			Centaurus A Group
120		KK98 77	dwarf Sph	11.35 [22]	3.48		16.2[5]	M81 group
121		DDO 71	Im	11.42 [22]	3.50		18[5]	M81 group
122		M82	I0;Sbrst HII	11.51	3.53[4]	−19.63[4]	9.30 [5]	M81 group
123		ESO 269-66 (KK98 190)	dE,N	11.55	3.54[1]	−13.56	14.11[5]	Centaurus A Group
124		M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52)	I?	11.58 [22]	3.55	−11.49[4]	16.5[5]	M81 group
125		NGC 2976	SAc pec HII	11.61 [22]	3.56	−17.1[4]	10.82[5]	M81 group
126		UGC 4459 (DDO 53)	Im	11.61 [22]	3.56	−13.37[4]	14.48 [5]	M81 group
127		NGC 4945	SB(s)cd:sp[5]	11.70 [28]	3.59	−20.51[1]	9.3[5]	Centaurus A Group
#		Galaxy	Type	Dist from Earth		Magnitude		Group Membership	Notes
				Mly	Mpc	M	m

See also

• List of galaxies
• List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
• List of spiral galaxies

Notes

1. I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2004) A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies Refinements in distance measurements could change the order presented in this list.
2. distance of the Solar System from the Galactic Center. The distance of Earth from the galaxy which contains it is of course "zero".
3. From official press release announcing discovery (University of Strasbourg) accessdate = June 2008
4. I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
5. "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Retrieved 2008.
6. Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
7. Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
8. van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
9. Irwin; Belokurov; Evans; Ryan-Weber; de Jong; Koposov; Zucker; Hodgkin; et al. (2007). "Discovery of an Unusual Dwarf Galaxy in the Outskirts of the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal 656: L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/0701154. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656L..13I. doi:10.1086/512183.
10. Mackey; Ferguson; Irwin; Martin; et al. (2009). "Deep Gemini/GMOS imaging of an extremely isolated globular cluster in the Local Group". arXiv:0909.1456 [astro-ph.GA].
11. McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
12. Karachentsev; Kashibadze; Makarov; Tully (2009). "The Hubble flow around the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 393 (4): 1265. arXiv:0811.4610. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.393.1265K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x.
13. Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 — for details see
14. Martin; McConnachie; Mike Irwin; Widrow; et al. (2009). "PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies". arXiv:0909.0399 [astro-ph.CO].
15. See
16. Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Speroidal satellite of M31:Photometry — for details see
17. A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al. 2008, ApJ 688 1009-1020, http://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
18. Kopylov; Tikhonov; Sergey Fabrika; Igor Drozdovsky; et al. (2008). "VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 387: L45–L49. arXiv:0803.1107. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.387L..45K. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x.
19. Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see
20. Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
21. Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003) Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
22. Karachentsev, I. D. et al.(2002)The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure
23. see article at
24. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/131/3/1361/205003.tb1.html
25. http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/133/2/504
26. http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/131/3/1361/
27. A New Hubble Space Telescope Distance to NGC 1569: Starburst Properties and IC 342 Group Membership* Aaron J. Grocholski et al. 2008 ApJ 686 L79-L82 doi:10.1086/592949 , http://arxiv.org/abs/0808.0153
28. I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002) New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group

References

• Belokurov, V.; et al. (2006). "A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes". The Astrophysical Journal 647 (2): L111–L114. arXiv:astro-ph/0604355. Bibcode:2006ApJ...647L.111B. doi:10.1086/507324.
• Dolphin, A. E., et al. (March 2003). "Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance". The Astronomical Journal 125 (3): 1261–1290. arXiv:astro-ph/0211486. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1261D. doi:10.1086/346279.
• Karachentsev, I. D., et al. (2002). "The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics 383 (1): 125–136. Bibcode:2002A&A...383..125K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011741.
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