List of solar thermal power stations

The Andasol solar power station, Spain, uses a molten salt thermal energy storage to generate electricity from, even when the sun isn't shining.

Parts of the Solnova Solar Power Station in the foreground. The two towers of the PS10 and PS20 solar power stations can be seen in the background.

This is a list of the largest facilities generating electricity through the use of solar thermal power, specifically concentrated solar power. These include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power installation in the USA, Solana Generating Station (USA, 280 MW) and Solaben Solar Power Station (Spain, 200 MW). The 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world’s largest solar thermal power plant project currently in operation. There are plans to build many other large solar thermal plants, including Miraah, a 1,021MW plant from GlassPoint Solar.

Operational

Operational Solar Thermal Power Stations

Capacity MW	Name	Country	Location	Coordinates	Technology type	Notes and references
392	Ivanpah Solar Power Facility	USA	San Bernardino County, California	35°34′N 115°28′W / 35.567°N 115.467°W	solar power tower	Completed in February 13, 2014[1][2][3]
354	Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS)	USA	Mojave Desert, California	35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W / 35.03167°N 117.34806°W	parabolic trough	Collection of 9 units[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
280	Mojave Solar Project	USA	Barstow, California	35°00′40″N 117°19′30″W / 35.01111°N 117.32500°W	parabolic trough	Completed December 2014. Gross capacity of 280 MW corresponds to net capacity of 250 MW[13][14][15]
280	Solana Generating Station	USA	Gila Bend, Arizona	32°55′N 112°58′W / 32.917°N 112.967°W	parabolic trough	Completed in October 2013, with 6h thermal energy storage[16][17]
250	Genesis Solar Energy Project	USA	Blythe, California	33°38′37.68″N 114°59′16.8″W / 33.6438000°N 114.988000°W	parabolic trough	Online April 24, 2014[18][19]
200	Solaben Solar Power Station[20]	Spain	Logrosán	39°13′29″N 5°23′26″W / 39.22472°N 5.39056°W	parabolic trough	Solaben 3 completed June 2012[21] Solaben 2 completed October 2012[21] Solaben 1 and 6 completed September 2013[22]
160	Noor I	Morocco	Ghassate, Ouarzazate Province	30°59′40″N 6°51′48″W / 30.99444°N 6.86333°W	parabolic trough	with 3h heat storage[23] · [24]
150	Solnova Solar Power Station	Spain	Sanlúcar la Mayor	37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W / 37.41667°N 6.28889°W	parabolic trough	Solnova 1 completed May 2010 Solnova 3 completed May 2010 Solnova 4 completed August 2010[25][26][27][28][29]
150	Andasol solar power station	Spain	Guadix	37°13′42.70″N 3°4′6.73″W / 37.2285278°N 3.0685361°W	parabolic trough	Completed: Andasol 1 (2008), Andasol 2 (2009), Andasol 3 (2011). Each equipped with a 7.5-hour thermal energy storage.[30][31]
150	Extresol Solar Power Station	Spain	Torre de Miguel Sesmero	38°39′N 6°44′W / 38.650°N 6.733°W	parabolic trough	Completed: Extresol 1 and 2 (2010), Extresol 3 (2012). Each equipped with a 7.5-hour thermal energy storage.[21][32][33]
110	Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project	USA	Nye County, Nevada	38°14′N 117°22′W / 38.233°N 117.367°W	solar power tower	with 10h heat storage; commercial operation began September 2015[34]
100	KaXu Solar One	South Africa	Pofadder, Northern Cape	28°53′40.56″S 19°35′53.52″E / 28.8946000°S 19.5982000°E	parabolic trough	with 2.5h heat storage[35][36][37]
100	GUZMAN	Spain	Palma del Río	37°38′N 5°15′W / 37.633°N 5.250°W	parabolic trough	Palma del Rio 2 completed December 2010[21] Palma del Rio 1 completed July 2011[21]
100	Manchasol Power Station	Spain	Alcázar de San Juan	39°11′N 3°18′W / 39.183°N 3.300°W	parabolic trough	Manchasol 1 and 2 completed in 2011, each with 7.5h heat storage[21]
100	Valle Solar Power Station	Spain	San José del Valle	36°39′N 5°50′W / 36.650°N 5.833°W	parabolic trough	Completed December 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[21][38]
100	Helioenergy Solar Power Station	Spain	Écija	37°34′43″N 5°9′24″W / 37.57861°N 5.15667°W	parabolic trough	Helioenergy 1 completed September 2011[39][40] Helioenergy 2 completed January 2012[21][39][40]
100	Aste Solar Power Station	Spain	Alcázar de San Juan	39°10′22″N 3°15′58″W / 39.17278°N 3.26611°W	parabolic trough	Aste 1A Completed January 2012, with 8h heat storage[21] Aste 1B Completed January 2012, with 8h heat storage[21]
100	Solacor Solar Power Station	Spain	El Carpio	37°54′54″N 4°30′9″W / 37.91500°N 4.50250°W	parabolic trough	Solacor 1 completed February 2012[21] Solacor 2 completed March 2012[21][41]
100	Helios Solar Power Station	Spain	Puerto Lápice	39°14′24″N 3°28′12″W / 39.24000°N 3.47000°W	parabolic trough	Helios 1 completed May 2012[21] Helios 2 completed August 2012[21]
100	Shams solar power station	UAE	Abu Dhabi Madinat Zayed	23°34′N 53°42′E / 23.567°N 53.700°E	parabolic trough	Shams 1 completed March 2013 [42][43]
100	Termosol Solar Power Station	Spain	Navalvillar de Pela		parabolic trough	Both Termosol 1 and 2 completed in 2013[21]
100	Palma del Río I & II	Spain	Palma del Río	37°38′42.56″N 5°15′29.32″W / 37.6451556°N 5.2581444°W	parabolic trough	Completed July 2012[21]
75	Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center	USA	Indiantown, Florida	27°03′11″N 80°33′00″W / 27.05306°N 80.55000°W	ISCC with parabolic trough	Completed December 2010[44]
64	Nevada Solar One	USA	Boulder City, Nevada	35°48.0′N 114°58.6′W / 35.8000°N 114.9767°W	parabolic trough	Operational since 2007
50	Khi Solar One	South Africa	Upington	28°33′0.36″S 21°5′5.28″E / 28.5501000°S 21.0848000°E	solar power tower	Completed Feb 2016 With 2h heat storage[35][36]
50	Bokpoort	South Africa	Groblershoop	28°43′26.96″S 21°59′34.88″E / 28.7241556°S 21.9930222°E	parabolic trough	with 9h heat storage[45][46]
50	Puertollano Solar Thermal Power Plant	Spain	Puertollano, Ciudad Real	38°39′N 3°58′W / 38.650°N 3.967°W	parabolic trough	Completed May 2009[47]
50	Alvarado I	Spain	Badajoz	38°49′37″N 06°49′34″W / 38.82694°N 6.82611°W	parabolic trough	Completed July 2009[48][49][50]
50	La Florida	Spain	Alvarado (Badajoz)		parabolic trough	Completed July 2010[21][51]
50	Majadas de Tiétar	Spain	Caceres	39°58′10″N 5°44′32″W / 39.96944°N 5.74222°W	parabolic trough	Completed August 2010[21][52]
50	La Dehesa	Spain	La Garrovilla (Badajoz)	38°57′35″N 6°27′50″W / 38.95972°N 6.46389°W	parabolic trough	Completed November 2010[21]
50	Lebrija-1	Spain	Lebrija		parabolic trough	Completed July 2011[21][53]
50	Astexol 2	Spain	Badajoz	38°48′42″N 7°3′36″W / 38.81167°N 7.06000°W	parabolic trough	Completed November 2011, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[21][54]
50	Morón	Spain	Morón de la Frontera	37°7′11.24″N 5°33′50.45″W / 37.1197889°N 5.5640139°W	parabolic trough	Completed May 2012[21]
50	La Africana	Spain	Posada		parabolic trough	Completed July 2012, with 7.5h thermal energy storag[21]
50	Olivenza 1	Spain	Olivenza	38°45′18.73″N 7°8′40.42″W / 38.7552028°N 7.1445611°W	parabolic trough	Completed July 2012[21]
50	Orellana	Spain	Orellana la Vieja	39°1′17.6″N 5°31′57.4″W / 39.021556°N 5.532611°W	parabolic trough	Completed August 2012[21]
50	Godawari Green Energy Limited	India	Naukh	27°36′01″N 72°13′25″E / 27.60028°N 72.22361°E	parabolic trough	2013[55][56][57]
50	Enerstar Villena Power Plant	Spain	Villena	38°43′41.51″N 0°55′18.23″W / 38.7281972°N 0.9217306°W	parabolic trough	Completed 2013[21][58]
31.4	Puerto Errado	Spain	Murcia	38°16′42″N 01°36′01″W / 38.27833°N 1.60028°W	fresnel reflector	Puerto Errado 1 completed April 2009[21][59] Puerto Errado 2 completed February 2012[21][60]
25	Hassi R'Mel integrated solar combined cycle power station	Algeria	Hassi R'Mel	33°07′29″N 03°21′07″E / 33.12472°N 3.35194°E	ISCC with parabolic trough	Completed June 2011[61][62]
22.5	Termosolar Borges	Spain	Borges Blanques	41°31′49″N 0°48′10″E / 41.53028°N 0.80278°E	parabolic trough biomass hybrid	Completed December 2012[21]
20	PS20 solar power tower	Spain	Seville	37°26′38″N 06°15′34″W / 37.44389°N 6.25944°W	solar power tower	Completed April 2009
20	Kuraymat Plant	Egypt	Kuraymat	29°16′43″N 31°14′56″E / 29.27861°N 31.24889°E	ISCC with parabolic trough	Completed December 2010[62][63][64]
20	Ain Beni Mathar Integrated Thermo Solar Combined Cycle Power Plant	Morocco	Ain Bni Mathar	34°4′11″N 2°6′18″W / 34.06972°N 2.10500°W	ISCC with parabolic trough	Completed 2011 [65][66][67]
19.9	Gemasolar	Spain	Fuentes de Andalucía (Seville)	37°33′38.17″N 05°19′53.61″W / 37.5606028°N 5.3315583°W	solar power tower	Completed May 2011[68] With 15h heat storage[21]
17	Yazd integrated solar combined cycle power station	Iran	Yazd	31°57′5″N 54°5′30″E / 31.95139°N 54.09167°E	ISCC with parabolic trough	Dedicated May 2011[69]
11	PS10 solar power tower	Spain	Seville	37°26′36.42″N 06°15′14.28″W / 37.4434500°N 6.2539667°W	solar power tower	World's first commercial solar tower in 2007
10	Delingha Solar Power Plant (Supcon)	China	Delingha	37°21′59.42″N 97°17′33.28″E / 37.3665056°N 97.2925778°E	solar power tower	Phase 1 of project completed in July 2013,[70] total 50 MW planned[71] NREL[72]
5	Greenway CSP Mersin Solar Tower Plant	Turkey	Mersin	36°51′57″N 34°36′35″E / 36.86583°N 34.60972°E	solar power tower	Turkey's first CSP solar tower plant[73]
5	Kimberlina Solar Thermal Energy Plant	USA	Bakersfield, California	35°34′06″N 119°12′06″W / 35.56833°N 119.20167°W	fresnel reflector	AREVA Solar, formerly Ausra demonstration plant[74]
5	Sierra SunTower	USA	Lancaster, California	34°46′0.0″N 118°8′0.0″W / 34.766667°N 118.133333°W	solar power tower	Completed August 2009[75][76][77]
5	Archimede solar power plant	Italy	Syracuse, Sicily	37°8′0″N 15°12′58″E / 37.13333°N 15.21611°E	ISCC with parabolic trough	Completed July 2010. Equipped with heat storage.[78][79]
5	Thai Solar Energy (TSE) 1	Thailand	Huai Krachao		parabolic trough	Completed November 2011[80]
9	Liddell Power Station Solar Steam Generator	Australia	New South Wales	32°22′26″S 150°58′40″E / 32.37389°S 150.97778°E	ISCC with fresnel reflector	Electrical equivalent steam boost for coal station[81][82]
2.5	Acme Solar Thermal Tower	India	Bikaner, Rajasthan	28°11′2″N 73°14′26.4″E / 28.18389°N 73.240667°E	solar power tower	Completed 2012[83]
2	Keahole Solar Power	USA	Hawaii	19°42′54″N 156°2′7″W / 19.71500°N 156.03528°W	parabolic trough	[84][85]
1.5	Jülich Solar Tower	Germany	Jülich	50°54′54″N 06°23′16″E / 50.91500°N 6.38778°E	solar power tower	Completed December 2008[86]
1	Feranova CSP Plant	Turkey	Aydın		fresnel reflector	Completed December 2012
1	Saguaro Solar Power Station	USA	Red Rock, Arizona		parabolic trough	[87]
1	Yanqing (DAHAN)Solar Power Station	China	Yanqing County	40°22′59″N 115°56′14″E / 40.38306°N 115.93722°E	solar power tower	Completed 2012[88]
0.5	Shiraz solar power plant	Iran	Shiraz	31°56′N 54°02′E / 31.933°N 54.033°E	parabolic trough	Iran's first solar power plant
0.25	Augustin Fresnel Solar Power Station[89]	France	Targassonne		fresnel reflector	Prototype, Completed 2012, 0.25MWh Thermal Energy Dtorage
4,705.55	Overall operational capacity

Solar thermal power stations
Part of the 354 MW SEGS solar complex in San Bernardino, California, United States.  The PS10 and PS20 solar power plant near Seville, in Andalusia, Spain.  The PS10 concentrates sunlight from a field of heliostats onto the central tower.  The recent Ivanpah solar project in San Bernardino, California, United States.

Under construction

Solar Thermal Power Stations under construction

Capacity MW	Name	Country	Location	Co- ordinates	Expected completion	Technology	Notes
200	Noor II	Morocco	Ghassate (Ouarzazate province)		2017/2018	parabolic trough	[90]
121	Ashalim power station 1	Israel	Negev desert	30°58′N 34°42′E / 30.967°N 34.700°E	2017	solar power tower	[91][92][93]
110	Cerro Dominador Solar Thermal Plant (Atacama 1)	Chile	María Elena, Antofagasta		2018	solar power tower	[94]
100	Redstone Solar Thermal Power	South Africa	Northern Cape	28°17′53″S 23°21′56″E / 28.29806°S 23.36556°E	2018	solar power tower	with 12h heat storage [95][96][97]
100	Xina Solar One	South Africa	Northern Cape	28°53′40.56″S 19°35′53.52″E / 28.8946000°S 19.5982000°E	2016	parabolic trough	with 5h heat storage [98]
100	Ilanga 1	South Africa	Northern Cape (Upington)	28°29′25.79″S 21°32′27.13″E / 28.4904972°S 21.5408694°E	2017	linear Fresnel technology	with 4.5h heat storage [99][100]
100	El Reboso 2+3	Spain	El Puebla del Rio (Seville)		2015	parabolic trough	[101][102]
100	Dhursar	India			2014	fresnel reflector	[103][104]
100	Diwakar	India	Askandra		2014	parabolic trough	with 3h heat storage[105]
100	KVK Energy Solar Project	India	Askandra		2014	parabolic trough	with 4h heat storage[106]
100	Noor III	Morocco	Ghassate, Ouarzazate Province		2017/2018	solar power tower	[90]
50	Arenales PS	Spain	Morón de la Frontera (Seville)		2013	parabolic trough	[21][54][107]
50	Casablanca	Spain	Casablanca		2013	parabolic trough	[21]
50	Erdos Solar Power Plant	China	Hanggin Banner		2013	parabolic trough	[108]
50	Megha Solar Plant	India	Anantapur		2013	parabolic trough	[109]
27.5	Jinshawan	China	China			solar updraft tower	Operations underway at 200 kW.[110]
25	Gujarat Solar One	India	Kutch	23°22.233′N 70°41.988′E / 23.370550°N 70.699800°E	2013	parabolic trough	with 9h heat storage[111]
17	Stillwater	USA	Nevada		2014	parabolic trough	[112]
12	Alba Nova 1	France	Corsica		July, 2015	fresnel reflector	First utility-scale solar thermal plant in France[113][114]
5	Sundt Power Plant	USA	Arizona		2014	fresnel reflector	[115]
3	Airlight Energy Ait Baha Plant	Morocco	Ait Baha		2013	parabolic trough	with 12h heat storage[116]
1.5	Sundrop	Australia	Port Augusta		2016	solar power tower	[117]
1.5	Tooele Army Depot	USA	Tooele		2013	dish	[118]
1.4	THEMIS Solar Power Tower	France	Pyrénées-Orientales	42°30′5″N 1°58′27″E / 42.50139°N 1.97417°E		solar power tower	Hybrid solar/gas power plant[119]
1	e-Cube 1	China	Hainan		2013	Modular Heliostat	First Modular Heliostat solar thermal plant in the world[120]
1	Renovalia	Spain	Albacete			dish	[21]
50	CGNSED power plant	China	Delingha	37°21′26″N 97°16′18″E / 37.35722°N 97.27167°E	sep 2016	parabolic trough	[121]

Announced

Announced – Spain

Solar Thermal Power Stations Announced in Spain

Capacity MW	Name	Country	Location	Coordinates	Technology	Notes
100	Solnova 2, 4–5	Spain	Sevilla	37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W / 37.41667°N 6.28889°W	parabolic trough with heat storage	[122]
50	AZ 20	Spain	Sevilla		solar power tower	[122]
20	Almaden Plant	Spain	Albacete		solar power tower	[123]
10	Gotasol	Spain	Gotarrendura		linear fresnel	[124]
0.08	Aznalcollar TH	Spain	Sevilla		dish sterling	[122]
930.08	Overall capacity announced in Spain

Announced – other countries

Solar Thermal Power Stations Announced In Other Countries

Capacity MW	Name	Country	Location	Coordinates	Technology	Notes
2000	Ordos	China	Mongolian desert, China		solar power tower	[125]
1540	Solar Energy Project	Morocco	Ain Bni Mathar, Foum Al Quad, Boujdour, Sebkhat Tah - Morocco		unknown	[126]
260	Copiapó Solar Project	Chile	Atacama Desert, Chile		solar power tower PV integrated	with 14h heat storage[127]
280	Al-Abdaliya	Kuwait	??		parabolic trough	[128]
120	Shneur Solar Power Station	Israel	Tze'elim, Israel		parabolic trough	[129]
100	CAP SunEdison	Chile	Atacama Desert, Chile			[130]
72	Mashhad solar-thermal power station	Iran	Mashhad, Iran		Parabolic dish with tracer system	[131]
60	Mashavei Sadde solar-thermal power station	Israel	Mashavei Sadde (Negev), Israel		CSP	[132]
30	Archetype SW 550 solar power plant	Italy	Passo Martino (CT), Sicily		Parabolic trough with heat storage, biomass integration and cogenerating desalination	[133][134]
14	Agua Prieta II integrated solar combined cycle power station	Mexico	Agua Prieta (Sonora), Mexico		ISCC	[135][136]
4776.00	Overall capacity announced in other countries

Decommissioned

• Solar One pilot plant, operational 1982-1986; converted into Solar Two, operational 1995-1999; site demolished 2009 — USA California, 10 MW, power tower design
• SES-5 — USSR, 5 MW, power tower design, water / Steam, service period 1985-1989^[137]
• Maricopa Solar — USA Peoria, Arizona, 1.5 MW dish stirling SES / Tessera Solar's first commercial-scale Dish Stirling power plant. Completed January 2010,^[138] decommissioned September 2011 and sold to CondiSys Solar Technology of China on April 2012.^[139][140]

See also

• Concentrated solar power
• List of concentrating solar thermal power companies
• List of energy storage projects
• List of large wind farms
• List of largest power stations in the world
• List of photovoltaic power stations
• Plataforma Solar de Almería
• Renewable energy commercialization
• Renewable energy industry
• Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
• Solar thermal energy

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103. NREL: Dhursar
104. Power Today: R-Power posts Q3 net profit RS 266 crore
105. NREL: Diwakar
106. NREL: KVK Energy Solar Project
107. Solar Millennium AG and OHL Industrial jointly take over planned Spanish 50 megawatt power plant Arenales from Fotowatio Renewable Ventures
108. Project 6835 : Inner Mongolia Erdos 50MWp Groove Type Solar Thermal Project
109. NREL: Megha Solar Plant
110. China's first solar chimney plant starts operating in desert
111. NREL: Gujarat Solar One
113. www.solareuromed.com
114. Alba Nova 1 : le chantier de la centrale thermodynamique corse démarre
116. NREL: Airlight Energy Ait Baha Plant
117. Fairfax Regional Media (24 March 2016). "Solar tower reaches new heights". The Transcontinental. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
118. NREL: Tooele Army Depot
119. Production d'Electricité par turbine à GAz et énergie SolairE
120. 光热发电：新能源产业创新转型捷径
121. http://www.spaceman.com.cn/Item/Show.asp?m=111&d=23
122. Solúcar Platform
123. Abengoa Projects in Castilla la Mancha
124. Solar Power Group: First commercial Solar-thermal power plant in Spain
125. Woody, Todd (2010-01-09). "Pasadena's ESolar lands 2,000-megawatt deal in China". Los Angeles Times.
126. "Update 1- Morocco to invite bids for solar station in Feb". Reuters. 2010-01-06.
127. Solarreserve Obtiene Aprobación Ambiental para Construir una Central de Concentración Solar de 260 MW
128. PV-Tech: Kuwait’s first solar park to be built for US$3.27 billion
129. Project 4444 : Shneur Solar Thermal Grid-Connected Power Plant in Ze'elim
130. CAP y SunEdison firman acuerdo para construir en Chile la mayor planta solar de Latinoamérica
131. Iran's biggest solar power plant
132. Two Sigma and Hezzi Kogler plan to build solar thermal power station with a budget worth 300 Million NIS
133. EGP realizza in Italia la prima centrale solare termodinamica
134. Demonstration of innovating parabolic solar trough using an alternative heat transfer fluid producing electricity and fresh water: ARChimede Hot Energy TYPology Enhanced Water Solar 550
135. Realizará CFE proyecto de campo solar
136. Abengoa to build Mexico’s first hybrid solar-gas plant
137. Making solar thermal power generation in India a reality – Overview of technologies, opportunities and challenges
138. Wilson, Alex (April 29, 2010). "Building Green's Product of the Week". Stirling SunCatcher with "Heat Engine" Technology. Building Green. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
139. Former Stirling power plant in Peoria to be sold, disassembled
140. Top bid on plant is $250K

Further reading

• Clean Tech Nation: How the U.S. Can Lead in the New Global Economy (2012) by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder
• Deploying Renewables 2011 (2011) by the International Energy Agency
• Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era (2011) by Amory Lovins
• Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011) by the IPCC
• Solar Energy Perspectives (2011) by the International Energy Agency

External links

• CSP World
• CSP plants and projects plotted on Google Earth
• National Renewable Energy Laboratories list of US Solar Trough Plants