List of state leaders in 1816

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1816.

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Osei Bonsu, Asantehene (1804–1824)
• Kingdom of Buganda – Kamaanya (1814–1836)
• Bunyoro – Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama of Bunyoro (1786–1835)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Ntare IV Rugamba (1796–1852)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Adandozan (1797–1818)
• Ethiopian Empire – Egwale Seyon (1801–1818)
  • Shewa – Sahle Selassie, Negus (1813–1847)
• Fulani Empire – Muhammed Bello, Fulani Sultan (1814–1837)
• Mayotte – Suhali bin Salim, Sultan of Mayotte (1807–1817)
• Sultanate of Ndzuwani –
  1. Alawi bin Husain (1796–1816)
  2. Abdallah bin Alawi (1816–1832)
• Kingdom of Rwanda – Yuhi III (1797–1830)
• Kingdom of Swaziland – Sobhuza I (1815–1836? 1839?)
• Zulu –
  1. Senzangakhona kaJama, King of the Zulu (1781–1816)
  2. Shaka, King of the Zulu (1816–1828)

Americas

• Brazil –
  • Monarch –
    1. Maria I (1815–1816)
    2. João VI (1816–1822, regent for incapacitated queen, 1815–1816)
  • Principal Minister – Fernando José de Portugal e Castro (1808–1817)
• Kingdom of Haiti – Henri I (1806–1820)
• Republic of Haiti (South) – Alexandre Pétion, President of Haiti (1807–1818)
• Miskito Nation – George Frederic Augustus I, King of the Miskito Nation (1801–1824)
• Paraguay – José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Supreme Dictator of Paraguay (1814–1840)
• United Provinces of New Granada – Presidents of New Grenada:
  • Camilo Torres Tenorio (1815 – 14 Mar. 1816)
  • José Fernández Madrid (to 22 Jun.)
  • Liborio Mejía (to 30 Jun.); acting
  • Custodio García Rovira (to 10 Jul.)
  • Manuel Fernando Serrano (last ruler)
• United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
  1. Ignacio Álvarez Thomas, Supreme Director (1815–1816)
  2. Antonio González de Balcarce, Supreme Director (1816)
  3. Juan Martín de Pueyrredón, Supreme Director (1816–1819)
• United States – James Madison, President of the United States (1809–1817)
  • See also 14th United States Congress, List of United States Governors in 1816
• Venezuela – Simón Bolívar, Supreme Chief of Venezuela (1816–1819)

Asia

• Principality of Abkhazia – Safar Begi (1810–1821)
• Durrani Empire – Mahmud Shah, King of Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, and Peshawar (1809–1818)
• Inwa – Bodawpaya, King (1782–1819)
• Azerbaijan – Existed as various cities/districts, with the rest under Russia's control:
  • Nakhichevan Khanate – Karim Khan Kangarli?
  • Karabakh Khanate – Mahdi Quli Khan Muzaffar(1806–1822)
  • Quba Khanate – Husayn Khan (1806–1816)
  • Shaki Khanate – Isma'il Khan (1815–1819)
  • Shirvan Khanate – Mustafa Khan (1796–1820)
• Bhutan
  • Jigme Dragpa II, Spiritual Ruler of Bhutan (1791–1830)
  • Sonam Drugyal (1815–1819)
• Sultanate of Brunei – Muhammad Khanzul Alam (1807–1828)
• Burma – Bodawpaya, King of Ava (1782–1819)
• Kingdom of Cambodia – Ang Chan II (1813–1834)
• China (Qing dynasty) – Jiaqing Emperor (1796–1820)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Kōkaku (1780–1817)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ienari (1786–1837)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Kō (1804–1828)
• Kokand Khanate – 'Umar Khan (1811–1822)
• Joseon (Korea) – Sunjo (1800–1834)
• Laos – Anuvong (1803–1828)
• Sultanate of the Maldives – Mu'in ad-Din I Muhammad (1799–1835)
• Mogul Empire – Mo'in ad-Din Abu'n Nasr Mohammad Akbar Padshah Saheb Qiran-e Sani (1806–1837)
• Nepal –
  • King – Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah (1799 – 20 Nov. 1816)
  • King – Rajendra Bikram Shah (until 1847)
  • Regent – Lalit Tripur Sundari Devi (1806–1832)
  • Prime Minister – Bhimsen Thapa (1806–1837)
  • British Resident – Edward Gardner (1816–1829)
• Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Fath Ali Qajar (1797–1834)
• Sikh Empire – Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of the Sikh Empire (1801–1839)
• Tibet – De-mo sPrul-sku Blo-bzang-thub-bstan-'jigs-med-rgya-mtsho, Regent Dalai Lama of Tibet (1815–1819)
• Thailand – Buddha Loetla, King of Krung Thep (1809–1824)
• Đại Việt – Nguyễn Phúc Ánh, Emperor (1802–1820)

Australia and Oceania

• Fiji – Naulivou (1803–1829)
• Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha I (1795–1819)
• Society Islands – Pōmare II (1815–1821)
• Niue-Fekai – Unknown
• Tonga –

Europe

• Andorra –
  • Bishop of Urgell –
    1. Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros, Bishop of Urgell (1797–1816)
    2. Temporarily vacant (1816–1817)
  • Louis XVIII of France (1815–1824)
• Athos – Kyrillos VI, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1813–1818)
• Austrian Empire – Franz I (1804–1835)
• Croatia – Ignjat Gyulay Maros-Nemeth, Ban of Croatia (1806–1831)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Frederick VI (1808–1839)
  • Minister of State – Joachim Godske Moltke (1814–1818)
  • See also List of colonial governors in 1816
• Grand Duchy of Finland – Alexander I (1809–1825)
• Kingdom of France
  • Monarch – Louis XVIII (1815–1824)
  • Prime Minister – Duc de Richelieu (1815–1818)
    • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• German Confederation – Emperor Franz I of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1815–1835)
  • Austrian Empire – Franz I (1792*-1835) *Note: Leader of Austria held the title of Archduke prior to 1804
  • Kingdom of Bohemia – Franz (1792–1835)
  • Kingdom of Prussia –
    • Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm III (1797–1840)
    • Chief Minister – Prince Karl August von Hardenberg (1810–1822)
  • Also see List of German rulers in 1816
• Duchy of Guastalla – Maria Luigia (1814–1847)
• Kingdom of Hungary – Francis (1792–1835)
• Duchy of Lucca – Maria Luisa (1817–1824)
• Duchy of Massa and Carrara – Maria Beatrice Riccarda III, Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara (1814–1829)
• Duchy of Modena – Francesco IV and Reggio (1814–1831)
• Moldavia – Scarlat Callimachi, Voivod of Moldavia (1812–1819)
• Principality of Monaco – Honoré IV (1814–1819)
• Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro – Petar I Petrović Njegoš (1782–1830)
• Kingdom of Naples – Ferdinand IV (1815–1816), then King of the Two Sicilies
• United Kingdom of the Netherlands – William I (1815–1840)
  • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• Kingdom of Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway – Kingdom of Sweden–Norway
  • Monarch – Carl III (1814–1818)
  • Viceroy – Crown Prince Carl Johan (Bernadotte), Crown Prince of Norway (1814 and 1816)
  • Governor of Norway –
    1. Hans Henric von Essen (1814–1816)
    2. Carl Carlsson Mörner (1816–1818)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Sultan – Mahmud II (1808–1839)
  • Grand Vizier – Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1815–1818)
• Papal States – Pope Pius VII (1800–1823)
• Duchy of Parma – Maria Luigia, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza (1814–1847)
• Piedmont-Sardinia – Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia (1802–1821)
• Congress Poland – Alexander I of Russia (1815–1825)
• United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves –
  1. Maria I Francisca (1777 – 20 March 1816)
  2. John VI (1816–1826)
  • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• Kingdom of Prussia –
  • Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm III (1797–1840)
  • Minister President – Karl August von Hardenberg (1810–1822)
• Russian Empire – Alexander I (1801–1825)
• San Marino – Francesco Maria Belluzzi and Filippo Filippi (Oct. 1815 – Apr. 1816), Camillo Bonelli and Pietro Berti (April 1816 – October 1816), Luigi Giannini and Matteo Martelli (October 1816 – April 1817), Captains-Regent of San Marino
• Principality of Serbia – Miloš Obrenović I (1815–1839); technically unofficial
• Kingdom of Sicily – Ferdinand III (1759–1816), then King of the Two Sicilies
• Kingdom of Spain – Fernando VII (1808, 1813–1833)
  • See also List of colonial governors in 1816
• Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway –
  • Monarch – Charles XIII (1809–1818)
  • Regent – Charles John, Crown Prince of Sweden (1810–1818)
    • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• Switzerland – Hans von Reinhard, President of the Diet of the Swiss Confederation (1816)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando III (1814–1824)
• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand I (1816–1825) (from 1759 King Ferdinand IV of Kingdom of Naples and King Ferdinand III of Kingdom of Sicily)
• United Kingdom
  • Monarch – George III (1760–1820)
  • Regent – The Prince of Wales (1811–1820)
  • Prime Minister – The Earl of Liverpool (1812–1827)
• Principality of Wallachia – Jean Georges Caradja (1812–1818)

Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi –
  1. Shakhbut bin Dhiyab, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1793–1816)
  2. Muhammad bin Shakhbut, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1816–1818)
• Ottoman Algeria – Omar Agha, Dey of Algiers (1815–1817)
• Bahrain – Sheikh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah (1796–1825)
• Egypt Eyalet – Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805–1848)
  • Kel Ahaggar – Ag Mama ag Sidi (1790–1830)
• Kuwait – Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah (1814–1859)
• Lebanon – Bashir ibn al-Qasim ibn Umar, Emir of Lebanon (1801–1821)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Slimane (1792–1822)
• Sultanate of Oman – Sa'id II ibn Sultan (1804–1856)
• Persian (Qajar dynasty) – Fath Ali Shah Qajar (1797–1834)
• Tripoli – Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha of Tripoli (1795–1832)
• Beylik of Tunis (under Ottoman Empire suzerainty) – Mahmud (1814–1824)