List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans

This is a list of the biological mothers of Ottoman sultans. There were thirty-six sultans of the Ottoman Empire in twenty-one generations. (During early days the title Bey was used instead of Sultan) Throughout 623-years history the sultans were the members of the same house, namely the House of Ottoman (Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı).

Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans

This list is distinct from the list of Valide Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. Valide Sultan was the title of the mother of the reigning sultan. The mothers who died before their sons’ accession to throne, never assumed the title of Valide Sultan like Hürrem, Hatice Mu’azzez, Emîne Mihr-î-Şâh,^[1][2] Râbi’a Şerm-î,^[3] and Nükhet-Sedâ.^[4] On the other hand, step mothers who were not the biological mothers but raised the princes whose mothers had died assumed the title of Valide Sultan like Ayşe Seniyeperver^[5] and Rahîme Piristû (Perestu). So there were Valide Sultans who were not the mothers, and there were mothers who were not the Valide Sultans.

The detailed list of the mothers

Name	Titles	Maiden Name	Origin	Death	Son(s)[6]
Halime حلیمہ	Hātûn		Oghuz Turkic. Daughter of Mesud II		Osman I
Malhun	Hātûn	Mala	Ottoman Turkic. Born in Anatolia. Daughter of Sheikh Edebali or Ömer Bey, Anatolian Turkish Bey or Ömer Abdülaziz Bey, Seljuk Vizier of Anatolia	November 1323	Orhan
Nilüfer نیلوفر	Valide Hātûn (1362 – 1383)	Holofira	Byzantine Greek. Born in Bilecik	1383	Murad I
Gülçiçek گلچیچک	Hātûn	Maria	Byzantine Greek		Bayezid I
Devlet دولت	Hātûn	Sultan	Oghuz Turkic of the Germiyan tribe. Born in Kütahya. Daughter of Süleyman Şah Çelebi	January 1414	Mehmed I
Emine	Valide Hātûn (1421 – 1449)	Emine	Oghuz Turkic. Born in Elbistan, Beylik of Dulkadir	1449	Murad II
Hüma هما	Valide Hātûn (1444 - 1446)	Hatice Âlime	Undetermined (Serb or Italian)	September 1449	Mehmed II
Sittişah[7]	Hātûn	Mükrime	Oghuz Turkic. Born in Elbistan, Beylik of Dulkadir	April 1467	Bayezid II
Gülbahar گل بهار	Hātûn	Ayşe	Oghuz Turkic. Born in Elbistan, Beylik of Dulkadir	19 November 1505	Selim I
Ayşe Hafsa عائشه حفصه	Hātûn (until 1520) Valide Sultân (1520 - 19 Mar 1534)	Ayşe	Crimean Khanate princess. Daughter of Meñli I Giray, Crimean Khan[8][9]	19 March 1534	Suleiman I
Hürrem خُرَّم	Haseki Sultân (1531 - 15 Apr 1558)	Aleksandra or Anastazja Lisowska	Ruthenian (Ukrainian). Born in Kingdom of Poland. Daughter of Havyrlo Lisowski, Orthodox Christian priest[10]	15 April 1558	Selim II
Nurbanu نور بانو	Haseki Sultân (7 Sep 1566 – 15 Dec 1574) Valide Sultân (15 Dec 1574 – 7 Dec 1583)	Cecilia Vernier-Baffo[11] or Rachel Olivia de Nasi[12]	Undetermined (born in Páros, Republic of Venice or Portugal, Iberian Jew)	7 December 1583	Murad III
Safiye صفیه	Haseki Sultân (7 Dec 1583 – 15 Jan 1595) Valide Sultân (15 Jan 1595 – 22 Dec 1603) Sultân (22 Dec 1603 - 10 Nov 1618)	Sofia Baffo	Albanian. Born in village of Rezi, Dukagjin highlands[13][14]	10 November 1618	Mehmed III
Handan	Valide Sultân (22 Dec 1603 - 26 Nov 1605)	Helena	Greek	26 November 1605	Ahmed I
Halime[15]	Valide Sultân (22 Nov 1617 - 26 Feb 1618) and (19 May 1622 - 10 Sep 1623)	Altunşah	Abkhaz[16] Daughter of Şoloh Bey of Akuç-Lakerba family	1623	Mustafa I
Mahfiruz Hatice	Sultân	Eudoxia/Hatice/Maria	Serb[17] or Circassian	26 October 1620	Osman II
Mahpeyker Kösem	Haseki Sultân (26 Nov 1605 – 22 Nov 1617) Sultân (22 Nov 1617 - 10 Sep 1623) Valide Sultân (10 Sep 1623 - 3 Sep 1651) Naib-i-Sultanat (10 Sep 1623 – 1632) and (8 Aug 1648 – 3 Sep 1651)	Anastasia	Greek. Born on Tinos, Republic of Venice	3 September 1651	Murad IV Ibrahim I
Turhan Hatice	Haseki Sultân (2 Jan 1642 – 12 Aug 1648) Valide Sultân (3 Sep 1651 – 4 Aug 1683) Naib-i-Sultanat (3 Sep 1651 – 1656)	Nadia	Ruthenian (Ukrainian)	4 August 1683	Mehmed IV
Saliha Dilaşub	Üçüncü Haseki Sultân (until 12 Aug 1648) Valide Sultân (8 Nov 1687 - 4 Dec 1689)	Katarina	Serb[18][19][20]	4 December 1689	Süleyman II
Hatice Muazzez	İkinci Haseki Sultân (until 12 Aug 1648) Sultân (12 Aug 1648 - 1687)	Eva	Polish Jew. Born in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	1687	Ahmet II
Rabia Gülnuş	Haseki Sultân (5 Jul 1683 - 8 Nov 1687) Valide Sultân (6 Feb 1695 - 6 Nov 1715)	Evmania Voria	Greek. Born in Rethymno, Republic of Venice	6 November 1715	Mustafa II Ahmed III
Saliha Sabkati	Valide Sultân (20 Sep 1730 – 21 Sep 1739)	Alexandra	Greek. Born in Constantinople[21]	21 September 1739	Mahmud I
Şehsuvar	Valide Sultân (13 Dec 1754 – 16 Apr 1756)	Maria	Serb[22][23]	16 April 1756	Osman III
Emine Mihrişah	İkinci Kadın	Jeanette	French	1732	Mustafa III
Rabia Şermî[3]	Sultân	Ida	Circassian or French	1732	Abdülhamid I
Mîhr-i Şah	İkinci Kadın (1761 – 21 Jul 1764) Baş Kadın (21 Jul 1764 – 21 Jan 1774) Valide Sultân (7 Apr 1789 – 16 Oct 1805)	Agnes	Georgian[24]	16 October 1805	Selim III
Nükhet-Sedâ[4]	Baş İkbâl (until 7 Apr 1789)		Undetermined (Georgian)	4 June 1850	Mustafa IV
Bezm-î Âlem	Üçüncü Kadın (1822 – 1832) İkinci Kadın (1832 – 1 Jul 1839) Valide Sultân (2 Jul 1839 – 2 May 1853)	Suzanne	Georgian Christian or Georgian Jew	2 May 1853	Abdülmecid
Pertev-Nihâl	Valide Sultân (25 Jun 1861 – 30 May 1876)	Hasna Khater	Circassian[25]	5 February 1883	Abdülaziz
Şevk-Efzâ شوق افزا	Üçüncü Kadın (1 Aug 1839 - 1849) İkinci Kadın (1849 - 25 Jun 1861) Valide Sultân (30 May 1876 - 31 Aug 1876)	Vilma/Zaurum	Circassian,[26][27] of the Ubykh tribe.	17 September 1889	Murad V
Tîr-î Müjgan[28][29]	Dördüncü Kadın (1841 - 1849) Üçüncü Kadın (1849 - 3 Oct 1852)	Virgin	Circassian, of the Shapsug tribe	3 October 1852	Abdülhamid II
Gül-Cemâl گل‌جمال	Dördüncü Kadın	Sofia[30][31] or Hatice	Bosnian (Christian). Born in Bosnia Eyalet[32]	29 December 1895 or 16 November 1851	Mehmed V
Gülüstü Münire	Dördüncü Kadın (1860 - May 1861)	Fatma Chachba	Abkhazian, of the Shervashidze or Chachba dynasty. Born in Sukhumi, Principality of Abkhazia[33][34]	May 1861	Mehmed VI

See also

• Valide Sultan

Further reading

• Leslie P. Peirce (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508677-5.
• Yavuz Bahadıroğlu (2007). Resimli Osmanlı tarihi. Nesil yayınları. ISBN 978-975-269-299-2.

References

1. Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 355, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
2. "Sultan III. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
3. Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 363, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
4. Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 395, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
5. "Sultan IV. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
6. The sources don't agree on the names of the biological mothers of Mustafa I and Mahmut II
7. Identity of Bayezid II's mother is undetermined. There are two main theories, that she was Emine Gülbahar Hatun or Sitti Mükrime Hatun.
8. Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, p. 186, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
9. Kasaba, Reşat. A moveable empire: Ottoman nomads, migrants, and refugees. University of Washington Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-295-80149-0. Hafsa Sultan, the daughter of the Crimean ruler Mengli Giray Khan.
10. Yermolenko, Galina I (2013). Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-409-47611-5.
11. Valeria Heuberger, Geneviève Humbert, Geneviève Humbert-Knitel, Elisabeth Vyslonzil, Cultures in Colors, page 68. ISBN 3-631-36808-9, 2001
12. Goodwin, Godfrey (2001). The Private World of Ottoman Women. Saqi Book. p. 128. ISBN 0-86356-745-2.
13. Peirce, Leslie Penn (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507673-8.
14. Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2011). Islamic Art and Visual Culture: An Anthology of Sources. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-5401-7.
15. According to sources, the name of Mustafa I'mother was undetermined, but popularly known with name Halime or Alime
16. "Mother Of Mustafa I". Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı (Ottoman Research Foundation).
17. Günseli İnal; Semiramis Arşivi (2005). Semiramis: Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik. YKY. p. 27. ISBN 978-975-08-0928-6. [Osman II's mother the Serbian Evdoksiya known as Mahfiruz Sultan]
18. Günseli İnal; Semiramis Arşivi (2005). Semiramis: Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik. YKY. p. 27. ISBN 978-975-08-0928-6. Siileyman'in annesi Sirp Katrin yani Dilasiip Hatun
19. "Sultan II. Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
20. Ali Kemal Meram (1977). Padişah anaları: resimli belgesel tarih romanı. Öz Yayınları. p. 325.
21. Ali Kemal Meram (1977). Padişah anaları: resimli belgesel tarih romanı. Öz Yayınları. p. 347.
22. Ali Kemal Meram (1977). Padişah anaları: resimli belgesel tarih romanı. p. 355. İkinci Mustafa'nın (Şehsuvar Sultan) takma adlı câriyesi Sırp kızı Mari'den doğan oğlu Üçüncü Osman ve yeni Pâdişâh anaları (1754-1757)
23. Günseli İnal, Semiramis Arşivi (2005). Semiramis: Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik. p. 27. Osman'in annesi Sirp Mari yani §ehsiivar Sultan
24. E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. BRILL. 1987. pp. 1117–. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
25. Alpgüvenç, Can (2013). "Pertevniyal Valide Sultan". Hayırda Yarışan Hanım Sultanlar (in Turkish) (1 ed.). Istanbul: Kaynak Kültür Yayınları. Retrieved 24 Apr 2016.
26. Açba, Harun (2007). "Bölüm 2: Sultan I. Abdülhamid Han Ailesi". Kadınefendiler: Son Dönem Osmanlı Padişah Eşleri (in Turkish) (1 ed.). Istanbul: Prolil Yayıncılık. p. 28.
27. Turkish Historical Society XXXI. Türk Tarih Kurumu Osmanlı Tarihi Interaktif CD-ROM
28. "Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
29. Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 505, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
30. "Sultan V. Mehmed Reşad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
31. Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, p. 519, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2
32. Harun Açba (2007). Kadın efendiler: 1839-1924. Profil. p. ?. ISBN 978-975-996-109-1.
33. "Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
34. Yavuz Bahadıroğlu, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları (Ottoman History with Illustrations, Nesil Publications), 15th Ed., 2009, page 535, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2