List of World Chess Championships

The following is a list of World Chess Championships including the hosting cities. Qualification path consist of Interzonals (defunct), FIDE Grand Prix, Chess World Cup and Candidates Tournament for the process of selecting a challenger for championship matches.

List of World Chess Championships

Year Host Country Host City World Champion Runner-up(s) Won (+) Lost (−) Draw (=) Format
Unofficial World Chess Championships (1834–1886)
1834  United Kingdom London France Louis de La Bourdonnais United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Alexander McDonnell 45 28 13
1843  United Kingdom London France Pierre Saint-Amant United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Howard Staunton 3 2 1
1843  France Paris United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Howard Staunton France Pierre Saint-Amant 11 6 4
1846  United Kingdom London United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Howard Staunton United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Bernhard Horwitz 14 7 3
1858  France Paris United States Paul Morphy Kingdom of Prussia Adolf Anderssen 7 2 2
1866  United Kingdom London Austrian Empire Wilhelm Steinitz Kingdom of Prussia Adolf Anderssen 8 6 0
Official World Chess Championships (1886–1946)
1886  United States New York City
Saint Louis
New Orleans
Austria-Hungary Wilhelm Steinitz United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Johannes Zukertort 10 5 5 first-to-10 wins
1889  Cuba Havana United States Wilhelm Steinitz Russian Empire Mikhail Chigorin 10 6 1 best-of-20 + tiebreak
1891  United States New York City United States Wilhelm Steinitz Austria-Hungary Isidor Gunsberg 6 4 9
1892  Cuba Havana United States Wilhelm Steinitz Russian Empire Mikhail Chigorin 8+2 8 4+1
1894  United States and
 Canada
New York City
Philadelphia
Montreal
German Empire Emanuel Lasker United States Wilhelm Steinitz 10 5 4 first-to-10 wins
1897  Russian Empire Moscow German Empire Emanuel Lasker United States Wilhelm Steinitz 10 2 5
1907  United States New York City
Philadelphia
Washington, D.C.
Baltimore
Chicago
Memphis
German Empire Emanuel Lasker United States Frank Marshall 8 0 7 first-to-8 wins
1908  German Empire Düsseldorf
Munich
German Empire Emanuel Lasker German Empire Siegbert Tarrasch 8 3 5
1910  Austria-Hungary and
 German Empire
Vienna
Berlin
German Empire Emanuel Lasker Austria-Hungary Carl Schlechter 1 1 8 best of 10; disputed whether challenger had to win by 1 or 2 points;[1][2]
1910  German Empire Berlin German Empire Emanuel Lasker France Dawid Janowski 8 0 3 first-to-8 wins
1921  Cuba Havana Cuba José Raúl Capablanca Weimar Republic Emanuel Lasker 4 0 10 best-of-24;[1] Emanuel Lasker resigned after 14 games
1927  Argentina Buenos Aires France Alexander Alekhine Cuba José Raúl Capablanca 6 3 25 first-to-6 wins
1929  Germany and
 Netherlands
Wiesbaden
Heidelberg
Berlin
The Hague
France Alexander Alekhine Weimar Republic Efim Bogoljubov 11 5 9 first-to-6 wins AND 15 points
1934  Nazi Germany Baden-Baden
Villingen-Schwenningen
Freiburg im Breisgau
Pforzheim
Stuttgart
Munich
Bayreuth
Bad Kissingen
Mannheim
Berlin
France Alexander Alekhine Nazi Germany Efim Bogoljubov 8 3 15
1935  Netherlands Amsterdam
Delft
Rotterdam
Utrecht
Gouda
The Hague
Groningen
Baarn
's-Hertogenbosch
Eindhoven
Zeist
Ermelo
Zandvoort
Netherlands Max Euwe France Alexander Alekhine 9 8 13
1937  Netherlands The Hague
Rotterdam
Amsterdam
Haarlem
Leiden
Groningen
Delft
France Alexander Alekhine Netherlands Max Euwe 10 4 11
Interregnum (1946–1948)
Alexander Alekhine died in 1946 as World Chess Champion.
FIDE World Chess Championships (1948–1993)
1948  Netherlands and
 Soviet Union
The Hague
Moscow
Soviet Union Mikhail Botvinnik 4 players 14 points out of 20 5-player, 5-cycle round-robin tournament
1951  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Mikhail Botvinnik Soviet Union David Bronstein 5 5 14 best-of-24[1]
1954  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Mikhail Botvinnik Soviet Union Vasily Smyslov 7 7 10
1957  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Vasily Smyslov Soviet Union Mikhail Botvinnik 6 3 13
1958  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Mikhail Botvinnik Soviet Union Vasily Smyslov 7 5 11
1960  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Mikhail Tal Soviet Union Mikhail Botvinnik 6 2 13
1961  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Mikhail Botvinnik Soviet Union Mikhail Tal 10 5 6
1963  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Tigran Petrosian Soviet Union Mikhail Botvinnik 5 2 15
1966  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Tigran Petrosian Soviet Union Boris Spassky 4 3 17
1969  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Boris Spassky Soviet Union Tigran Petrosian 6 4 13
1972  Iceland Reykjavík United States Bobby Fischer Soviet Union Boris Spassky 7 3 11
1975  Philippines Manila Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov United States Bobby Fischer by default first-to-10 wins
1978  Philippines Baguio Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov  Viktor Korchnoi 6 5 21 first-to-6 wins
1981  Italy Kurhaus
Merano
Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov Switzerland Viktor Korchnoi 6 2 10
1984  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov Soviet Union Garry Kasparov 5 3 40 first-to-6 wins; aborted match
1985  Soviet Union Moscow Soviet Union Garry Kasparov Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov 5 3 16 best-of-24[1]
1986  United Kingdom and
 Soviet Union
London
Leningrad[3]
Soviet Union Garry Kasparov Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov 5 4 15
1987  Spain Seville Soviet Union Garry Kasparov Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov 4 4 16
1990  United States and
 France
New York City
Lyon
Soviet Union Garry Kasparov Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov 4 3 17
Classical World Chess Championships (1993–2006)
World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov and challenger Nigel Short split from FIDE, the official world governing body of chess, and played their title match under the auspices of the Professional Chess Association.
1993  United Kingdom London Russia Garry Kasparov England Nigel Short 6 1 13 best-of-24[1]
1995  United States New York City Russia Garry Kasparov India Viswanathan Anand 4 1 13 best-of-20[1]
2000  United Kingdom London Russia Vladimir Kramnik Russia Garry Kasparov 2 0 13 best-of-16[1]
2004   Switzerland Brissago Russia Vladimir Kramnik Hungary Peter Leko 2 2 10 best-of-14[1]
FIDE World Chess Championships (1993–2006)
Garry Kasparov was stripped of his FIDE-title after he and challenger Nigel Short split from FIDE in 1993. Anatoly Karpov, the 1990 participant in the last FIDE World Chess Championship match, was announced as incumbent World Champion.

In 1996 FIDE changed its rule and the incumbent World Champion was not anymore automatically qualified for the Final match.

1993  Netherlands and
 Indonesia
Zwolle
Arnhem
Amsterdam
Jakarta
Russia Anatoly Karpov Netherlands Jan Timman 6 2 13 best-of-24[1]
1996  Russia Elista Russia Anatoly Karpov United States Gata Kamsky 6 3 9 best-of-20[1]
1998  Netherlands and
  Switzerland
Groningen
Lausanne
Russia Anatoly Karpov India Viswanathan Anand 2+2 2 2 single-elimination tournament with finals best-of-6 + tiebreaks
1999  United States Las Vegas Russia Alexander Khalifman Armenia Vladimir Akopian 2 1 3
2000  India and
 Iran
New Delhi
Teheran
India Viswanathan Anand Spain Alexei Shirov 3 0 1
2002  Russia Moscow Ukraine Ruslan Ponomariov Ukraine Vassily Ivanchuk 2 0 5
2004  Libya Tripoli Uzbekistan Rustam Kasimdzhanov England Michael Adams 3 2 3
2005  Argentina Potrero de los Funes
San Luis
Bulgaria Veselin Topalov 7 players 10 points out of 14 8-player double round-robin tournament
World Chess Championships (2006–present)
2006  Russia Elista[4] Russia Vladimir Kramnik Bulgaria Veselin Topalov 3+2 3+1 6+1 best-of-12 + tiebreaks
2007  Mexico Mexico City India Viswanathan Anand 7 players 9 points out of 14 8-player double round-robin tournament
2008  Germany Bonn India Viswanathan Anand Russia Vladimir Kramnik 3 1 7 best-of-12 + tiebreaks
2010  Bulgaria Sofia India Viswanathan Anand Bulgaria Veselin Topalov 3 2 7
2012  Russia Moscow India Viswanathan Anand Israel Boris Gelfand 1+1 1 10+3
2013  India Chennai[5] Norway Magnus Carlsen India Viswanathan Anand 3 0 7
2014  Russia Sochi Norway Magnus Carlsen India Viswanathan Anand 3 1 7
2016  United States New York City[6] Norway Magnus Carlsen Russia Sergey Karjakin

Note: Name in bold print indicates lineal champion

Related matches

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 in case of a draw the World Championship title defender keeps holding his title
  2. One chess historian, David Vincent Hooper, contended in Chess magazine, March 1976, pp. 183–84, that this match was not for the world championship. Edward Winter, Who Was R.J. Buckley?, retrieved 2012-02-04.
  3. Schmemann, Serge (5 October 1986). "Kasparov Makes A Key Move, And He Fans Sense A Victory". The New York Times.
  4. Kirsan Ilyumzhinov : Kramnik and Topalov come to Elista on same flight
  5. "Five-star venue for Anand-Carlsen tie". The Times of India. 28 May 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  6. New York City to Host 2016 World Chess Championship
  7. "FIDE Championship (1928) by Edward Winter". Chesshistory.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
  8. "World Chess Championship : 1992 Fischer - Spassky Rematch". Mark-weeks.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01.

Further reading

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