Viscount Cobham

For the Cobham Barony, see Baron Cobham.
Viscount Cobham
Peerage Peerage of Great Britain
First holder Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham
Present holder Christopher Charles Lyttelton, 12th Viscount Cobham
Subsidiary titles Baron Lyttelton
Seat(s) Hagley Hall

Viscount Cobham is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain that was created in 1718. Owing to its special remainder, the title has passed through several families. Since 1889, it has been held by members of the Lyttelton family.

From 1750 to 1784, the barony and viscountcy of Cobham were subsidiary titles of the earldom of Temple of Stowe, subsidiary titles of the Marquessate of Buckingham from 1784 to 1822 and of the Dukedom of Buckingham and Chandos from 1822 to 1889. Since the latter year the Cobham titles have been merged with the titles of Baron Lyttelton and Baron Westcote.

History

Creation of the title

The viscountcy of Cobham was created in 1718 for Field Marshal Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baron Cobham, 4th Baronet of Stowe. He was the eldest son of Sir Richard Temple, 3rd Baronet.

During his lifetime, the Field Marshal received three titles in the Peerage of Great Britain:

Field Marshal Lord Cobham died childless in 1749, at which time the Cobham barony of 1714 became extinct. His other titles passed to different heirs: The Temple Baronetcy of 1611 passed to his cousin, Sir William Temple, 5th Baronet. The barony and viscountcy of 1718 passed, according to the special remainder, to Lord Cobham's sister Hester, the widow of Richard Grenville, and her children.

Lord Cobham's heirs

Temple family

Arms of Temple of Stowe: Or, an eagle displayed sable

The Temple family descended from Peter Temple of Burton Dassett. His younger son Anthony Temple founded the Irish branch of the family from whom the Viscounts Palmerston descended.[1] Peter Temple's eldest son, John Temple, acquired the Stowe estate in Buckinghamshire. The latter's son Thomas Temple represented Andover in Parliament. In 1611 he was created a Baronet, of Stowe in the County of Buckingham, in the Baronetage of England. His son, the second Baronet, represented Buckingham in both the Short Parliament and the Long Parliament. He was succeeded by his son, the third Baronet. He sat in Parliament for Warwickshire and Buckingham. His son succeeded as fourth Baronet in 1697 and received the Cobham titles in 1714 and 1718, respectively. At his death in 1749, the Temple Baronetcy of 1611 passed to his cousin William Temple, the fifth Baronet, who was a great-grandson of Sir John Temple, second son of the first Baronet. It became dormant in 1786 on the death of the seventh Baronet.

Grenville family

The 719 heraldic quarterings of the Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville family.

The Field Marshal's barony and viscountcy of 1718 passed, according to the special remainder, to his sister Hester, the widow of Richard Grenville, and her children. In 1751 she was further created Countess Temple in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to the heirs male of her body. Lady Temple's younger son was Prime Minister George Grenville. At her death, she was succeeded by her eldest son, the second Earl. He inherited the Temple estates, including Stowe House, and assumed the additional surname of Temple. He was also involved in politics and held office as First Lord of the Admiralty and as Lord Privy Seal. On his death the titles passed to his nephew, the third Earl, the son of George Grenville. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland between 1782 and 1783 and 1787 and 1789. In 1784 he was created Marquess of Buckingham in the Peerage of Great Britain. Lord Buckingham married Lady Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent. Mary was in 1800 created Baroness Nugent in her own right in the Peerage of Ireland, with remainder to her second son George (see the Baron Nugent). In 1788 Lord Buckingham also succeeded his father-in-law as second Earl Nugent according to a special remainder in the letters patent. He assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Nugent at the same time.

He was succeeded by his son, the second Marquess. He served as Joint Paymaster of the Forces from 1806 to 1807. He married Lady Anne Eliza Brydges, the only child of James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos (a title which became extinct on his death in 1789), and assumed by Royal licence the additional surnames of Brydges-Chandos in 1799. In 1822 Lord Buckingham was created Earl Temple of Stowe, in the County of Buckingham, Marquess of Chandos and Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, all in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The earldom was created with remainder, failing male issue of his own, to (1) the heirs male of the body of his deceased great-grandmother Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple, and (2) in default thereof to his granddaughter Lady Anne Eliza Mary Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, daughter of his son Richard, Earl Temple, who succeeded as second Duke. He was a Tory politician and served as Lord Privy Seal from 1841 to 1842.

On his death the titles passed to his son, the third Duke. He was also a prominent politician and served as Lord President of the Council and as Secretary of State for the Colonies. In 1868 the Duke established his right to the Scottish lordship of Kinloss before the Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords. However, on his death in 1889 without male issue, the dukedom and its subsidiary titles (the marquessate of Buckingham, marquessate of Chandos, earldom of Temple and earldom of Nugent) became extinct. The lordship of Kinloss passed to his daughter Mary. The earldom of Temple of Stowe passed to his sister's son William Temple-Gore-Langton because the title had been created with a special remainder to her heirs male (see these titles for more information).

Another member of the Grenville family was Prime Minister William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville. He was the younger son of George Grenville and the younger brother of the first Marquess of Buckingham.

Lyttelton family

Arms of the Lyttelton family
Main article: Lyttelton family

As the barony and viscountcy of Cobham could only descend to patrilineal descendants of Hester Temple or Christian Lyttelton, the wife of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 4th Baronet, they were inherited in 1889 according to the special remainders by the 3rd Duke's distant relative Charles Lyttelton, 5th Baron Lyttelton. He was the great-great-grandson of the aforementioned Lady Christian and Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 4th Baronet. Before succeeding to his father's peerages, he had represented East Worcestershire in Parliament as a Liberal. After the 4th Baron Lyttelton's death in 1876 he had already inherited the Lyttelton Baronetcy of Frankley (1611), the Westcote barony in the Peerage of Ireland (1776) and the Lyttelton barony in the Peerage of Great Britain (1794).

The Lyttelton family seat is Hagley Hall, near Stourbridge, Worcestershire. Most owners of Hagley Hall are buried at the parish church of St John the Baptist in the adjacent Hagley Park.

Since 1889 the holders of the Lyttelton and Cobham titles have chosen to use the style of Viscount Cobham. The eighth Viscount's son, the ninth Viscount, was Lord Lieutenant of Worcestershire from 1923 to 1949. He was succeeded by his son, the tenth Viscount. He notably served as Governor-General of New Zealand from 1957 to 1962. As of 2010 the titles are held by his younger son, the twelfth Viscount, who succeeded his elder brother in 2006.

List of title holders

Temple Baronets, of Stowe (1611)

Viscounts Cobham (1718)

Earls Temple (1751)

Marquesses of Buckingham (1784)

Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos (1822)

Viscounts Cobham (1718; reverted)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Hon. Oliver Christopher Lyttelton (born 1976).

Family Tree

 
 
 
Peter Temple
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anthony Temple
 
 
 
 
John Temple
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sir William Temple
 
 
 
 
Sir Thomas Temple, 1.Bt.
 
 
 
 
Sir Alexander Temple
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sir John Temple
 
 
Sir Peter Temple, 2.Bt.
 
John Temple
 
 
James Temple
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sir John Temple
 
 
Sir Richard Temple, 3.Bt.
 
Sir Peter Temple
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry Temple,
1st Visc. Palmerston
 
Richard Temple,
1st Visc. Cobham
 
 
 
Eleanor Temple
m. Richard Grenville
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Christian Temple
m. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 4.Bt.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry, Lord Temple
 
 
Hester, Countess Temple,
2nd Visc. Cobham
 
Richard Grenville
 
 
 
 
 
 
George, 1st
Lord Lyttelton
 
William Henry, 1st
Lord Lyttelton
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry Temple,
2nd Visc. Palmerston
 
Richard Grenville-Temple,
2nd Earl Temple,
3rd Visc. Cobham
 
George Grenville
PM 1763–65
 
 
 
Hester Grenville
m. William Pitt the Elder,
1st Earl of Chatham

PM 1766–68
 
George, 2nd
Lord Lyttelton
 
William Henry, 3rd
Lord Lyttelton
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry John Temple,
3rd Visc. Palmerston

PM 1855–58, 1859–65
 
 
 
George N-T-Grenville,
3rd Earl Temple,
1st Marq. of Buckingham,
4th Visc. Cobham
 
William Wyndham Grenville,
Lord Grenville

PM 1806–07
 
William Pitt the Younger
PM 1783–1801, 1804–06
 
 
 
 
 
George William, 4th
Lord Lyttelton
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Richard T-N-B-C-Grenville,
2nd Marq. &
1st Duke of Buckingham,
5th Visc. Cobham
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charles Lyttelton,
8th Visc. Cobham
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Richard T-N-B-C-Grenville,
2nd Duke of Buckingham,
6th Visc. Cobham
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
John Lyttelton,
9th Visc. Cobham
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Richard T-N-B-C-Grenville,
3rd Duke of Buckingham,
7th Visc. Cobham
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charles Lyttelton,
10th Visc. Cobham
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
John Lyttelton,
11th Visc. Cobham
 
C. C. Lyttelton,
12th Visc. Cobham

See also

Notes

    References

    Secondary sources

    External links

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