Luis Donaldo Colosio

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Colosio and the second or maternal family name is Murrieta.
Luis Donaldo Colosio
Secretary of Social Development
In office
April 8, 1992 – November 28, 1993
Preceded by Patricio Chirinos Calero
Succeeded by Carlos Rojas Gutiérrez
Personal details
Born Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta
(1950-02-10)February 10, 1950
Magdalena de Kino, Sonora, Mexico
Died March 23, 1994(1994-03-23) (aged 44)
Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
Nationality Mexican
Political party PRI
Profession Politician, Economist

Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta (Spanish pronunciation: [luis ðoˈnaldo koˈlosio]; February 10, 1950 – March 23, 1994) was a Mexican politician, economist, and PRI presidential candidate, who was assassinated at a campaign rally in Tijuana during the Mexican Presidential campaign of 1994.

Political history

He was the son of Luis Colosio Fernández (1923–2010) and Ofelia Murrieta Armida Garcia. Born into a family with a long political heritage in Magdalena de Kino, Sonora, Colosio Murrieta was the descendant of 16th century Italian immigrants to New Spain who settled in the rural territories of the northwest, in the modern state of Sonora. Colosio Murrieta studied at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, better known by its initials ITESM, after which he joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1972. After that he went on to do postgraduate studies at University of Pennsylvania in the USA and research work at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria before returning to Mexico. In 1979 he joined the Ministry of Budget and Planning under future president Carlos Salinas de Gortari.

He was elected to Congress as the federal deputy for his home town in 1985 and, in 1987, he was selected to serve on the PRI's National Executive Committee. In 1988 Carlos Salinas chose him as the campaign manager for his presidential campaign. In the same election, Colosio was elected to the Senate, representing Sonora.

In the early years of Salinas's presidency, Colosio served as the chairman of their party's National Executive Committee. In 1992, Salinas chose him to serve in his cabinet, in the newly created position of Social Development Secretary. In November 1993, the PRI announced that Colosio was to be its candidate for the upcoming presidential election.

Campaign for president

After a slow start, with the spotlight focusing on former foreign minister Manuel Camacho's negotiations with the EZLN guerrillas, Colosio appeared to get the traditional support of the political machine of the PRI. Like all the PRI's previous presidential candidates, he was greeted by large crowds throughout his presidential campaign, although the PRI's waning popularity meant some reduction in enthusiasm. Since Mexico's constitution permits presidents to remain in power for only one term, and as an extralegal rule presidents (until Salinas) handpicked their own successors (the party's first primary election in history took place in 1999), Colosio apparently enjoyed the president's favour, expressed in his famous declaration No se hagan bolas: el candidato es Colosio ("Don't get confused: Colosio is the candidate" would be an appropriate translation, literally it means "Don't entangle yourselves: Colosio is the candidate").

Salinas' declaration was motivated by persistent rumours that highly visible Camacho would replace Colosio, who was not doing well in his campaign. Camacho let speculation grow for some time, but eventually declared he wouldn't run for office, concentrating his attention on the Chiapas rebellion instead. The day after Camacho's statement, Colosio was killed.

Assassination

At 5:05 PM PST, on March 23, 1994, at a campaign rally in Lomas Taurinas, a poor neighborhood of Tijuana, Baja California, Colosio was shot in the head with a .38 Special from a few centimeters distance and nearby a person recording a video. Colosio collapsed, and was subsequently rushed to the city's main hospital, after plans to fly him to an American hospital across the border were canceled. His death was announced a few hours later, amid contradicting eyewitness reports that remain to this day.

The shooter, Mario Aburto Martínez, was arrested at the site and never wavered from his story that he had acted alone. Nonetheless, many theories still surround Colosio's assassination. The authorities were criticized for their poor handling of Aburto, having shaved, bathed and given him a prison haircut before showing him to the media, which started rumors about whether that man, who looked so different from the one arrested, was really the murderer. Colosio received three bullet wounds, and it was never clear if they could have been done by a single person or not. The case was officially closed after many different prosecutors investigated it, but after the many mishandlings of the investigation and contradictory versions, the controversy continues. Aburto remains imprisoned at the high-security La Palma facility in Almoloya de Juárez.

Aftermath

Monument to Luis Donaldo Colosio in Mexico City's Paseo de la Reforma.

With only four months before the election, the PRI found itself hamstrung by the constitutional requirement that no presidential candidate can hold public office during the six months immediately prior to the election; this effectively disqualified the entire cabinet, where most of the more promising replacements were. Of the few potential candidates available, Salinas eventually chose Ernesto Zedillo, who had just resigned as Education Minister to serve as Colosio's campaign manager, because Manlio Fabio Beltrones, a very close collaborator of the murdered candidate, showed a video where Colosio praised Zedillo. This stroke of luck for Zedillo, who would have never been a candidate under normal circumstances, gave rise to even more rumours – unfounded or not.

A few months later, Salinas' brother-in-law, José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, president of the PRI was also murdered in plain daylight in Mexico City, eliminating the two most visible and powerful official heads of the PRI in Mexico, Colosio and Ruiz Massieu. Eventually Ernesto Zedillo was elected president, becoming the last PRI president of Mexico ending the longest lasting one-party rule in modern times.

Monument to Colosio.

8 months after Colosio's assassination, his wife, Laura Riojas, died of cancer. Newsmagazine Proceso reported Colosio's widow's first words upon learning of her husband's assassination: "Who did it?" Two children, now cared for by relatives, survived. Colosio's father continued determined to uncover what he strongly suspected are hidden truths behind his son's very public murder and, in 2004, he published a book about the case. He died in 2010.

Colosio in popular culture

Lorenzo de Monteclaro, a Norteña and Banda music singer, recorded a Corrido about him prior to his assassination.

The first motion picture about the incident premiered in Mexico in April 2005. Initially a direct to video movie focusing on politicians and drug lords, produced by a small company, it was professionally post-produced for theatrical release and the storyline heavily oriented towards political satire, filming new scenes as needed. The title was changed from the highly offensive Se c........ al candidato (Colosio) ("They f..... the candidate", "Colossus" in Spanish sounding near to Colosio) to "Magnicidio – Complot en Lomas Taurinas ("Magnicide – Conspiracy in Lomas Taurinas"). While the movie made no attempt at historical accuracy, it was the first movie to cover the subject. A dubbed version in English was simultaneously made for the international market. The main song in this movie by Diamante Films is performed by Delasónica, an alternative Spanish-language rock band from Colima, Colima. The song is called "Punto y Aparte". The rest of the musical score is by Gus Reyes.

Colosio: El Asesinato (2012), directed by Carlos Bolado, explored the aftermath of the assassination of the candidate and various conspiracy theories. It notes that two investigations were conducted, and details the 15 associated people who were killed following the investigation, as well as widespread violence and unrest.

Mexican rock group El Tri wrote a song about the assassination of Colosio called "Con la cola entre las patas" (With the tail between the legs).

The Mexican soap opera La Reina del Sur, about a Mexican drug trafficker, has a similar assassination of a Mexican presidential candidate as part of its plot.

See also

External links

Party political offices
Preceded by
Carlos Salinas		 PRI presidential candidate
1994 (assassinated) 		Succeeded by
Ernesto Zedillo
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