M8 motorway (Scotland)

M8 motorway
Route information
Part of E05 and E16
Length:	60.3 mi (97.0 km)
Existed:	1965 – present
History:	Constructed 1965–95
Major junctions
From:	Edinburgh City Bypass 55°55′28″N 3°18′46″W / 55.9244°N 3.3128°W
	J2 → M9 motorway J8 → M73 motorway J13 → M80 motorway J21 → M74 motorway(June 2011) J22 → M77 motorway J30 → M898 motorway
To:	Langbank 55°55′24″N 4°33′01″W / 55.9234°N 4.5504°W
Location
Primary destinations:	Edinburgh Livingston Glasgow Paisley Erskine Bridge Greenock Harthill, Scotland
Road network
Roads in the United Kingdom Motorways A and B road zones

The M8 south of Broxburn, West Lothian

Kingston Bridge

M8 running alongside the Clyde

This stub in the Tradeston area, popularly known as the "ski-ramp", is the abandoned interchange for the southern flank of the Glasgow Inner Ring Road

The M8 is the busiest motorway in Scotland and one of the busiest in the United Kingdom.^[1] It connects the country's two largest cities, Glasgow and Edinburgh, and serves other large communities including Airdrie, Coatbridge, Greenock, Livingston and Paisley. The motorway is 60 miles (97 km) long – excluding a 6-mile (9.7 km) gap between the Glasgow suburb of Baillieston and Newhouse. The motorway has one service station, located in Harthill.

Construction

With the advent of motorway-building in the United Kingdom in the late 1950s, the M8 was planned as one of a core of new motorways, designed to replace the A8 road as a high-capacity alternative for intercity travel. The motorway was constructed piecemeal in several stages bypassing towns, beginning in 1965 with the opening by Minister of State for Scotland George Willis of the bypass of Harthill. In 1968 the Renfrew Bypass was opened as the A8(M), becoming part of the M8 when the motorway to the west was connected.^[2] The Glasgow inner city section was constructed between 1968 and 1972, using a scheme outlined in the Bruce Report, which was published as the Second World War was closing, and which set out a series of initiatives to regenerate the city. Bruce's scheme evolved into what would become the Glasgow Inner Ring Road, a motorway "box" which would encircle the city centre, connected to the Renfrew Bypass at its south western corner, and the Monkland Motorway (built over the former route of the Monkland Canal) towards Edinburgh at its north eastern corner. Together, these three sections of motorway make up the present day M8.

Most of the motorway's length was complete by 1980. Since then, the only additions have been a new interchange with the M80 motorway in 1992, a 4-mile (6.4 km) eastern extension from Newbridge to the then-new Edinburgh City Bypass in 1995, and the new junction on the approach to the Kingston Bridge in Glasgow connecting to the new M74 extension in 2011.^[3] As part of the Scottish Government's 'M8 M73 M74 Motorway Improvements programme', on which construction began in early 2015,^[4] the remaining unfinished section between Baillieston and Newhouse will be built, alongside other major improvements which will enhance connectivity to the local road network, M73, and M74.^[5] The programme is forecast to be complete by spring 2017.^[4]

Route

From the Edinburgh City Bypass, the road runs west to junction with the M9 motorway (for the Forth Road Bridge), bypassing to the north of Livingston and south of Bathgate. It continues across Scotland's Central Belt before abruptly terminating at Newhouse. The next section – originally designated the Monkland Motorway – begins on the boundary of the City of Glasgow at the M73 motorway junction (the main interchange for all routes south via the M74 motorway) before passing through the districts of Barlanark, Riddrie, Dennistoun and Townhead (following the route of the abandoned Monkland Canal) on the way directly into the city centre. The central section – the uncompleted Glasgow Inner Ring Road – contains numerous junctions serving local communities including Cowcaddens, Garnethill, Kelvingrove and Anderston. It then crosses the River Clyde on the Kingston Bridge, runs west through Kinning Park, Bellahouston and Hillington before leaving Glasgow. Continuing west, it bypasses Renfrew and Paisley (carrying traffic directly over what was the main runway at Renfrew Airport, closed in 1966) before serving Glasgow International Airport, running to the south of Erskine, and terminating at Langbank, around 10 miles (16 km) east of Greenock.^[6]

The M8 nominally comprises sections of the international E-road network, namely E05 (Langbank-Baillieston)^[7] and E16 (Newhouse-Edinburgh),^[8] although neither is signposted – no such roads are in the United Kingdom.

Criticism

The M8, more explicitly the Glasgow section, is unusual amongst UK motorways (and more similar to many US Interstates) in that it directly serves (and bisects) a large urban area, whereas most other motorways bypass such conurbations. The central Glasgow section is elevated above much of the surrounding area on a concrete viaduct, including several incomplete constructions such as several pedestrian overpasses and adjoining arterial roads, and has slip roads that enter and exit from the passing (right-hand) lane. It contains one of the busiest river crossings in Europe at the Kingston Bridge. The speed limit there is reduced to 50 mph (80 km/h) as a result.

There were successive failed attempts to build the southern flank of the Glasgow Inner Ring Road as defined by the Bruce Report. This section of road, which is an extension of the M74, differs in route from the original Bruce proposals of the late 1940s, and was intended to funnel long distance traffic from the north and south which is bound for the southern Clyde Coast and allow it to bypass the urban section of the M8. Following many years of intensive political discussion and legal battles, construction of the M74 Completion scheme began in 2008, and it opened in June 2011. Early indications are that the new road has been successful in reducing traffic levels on the urban section of the M8.

The root cause of the high congestion on the urban section of the M8 is that traffic from the M73 and M80 is forced onto the eastern section of M8 which within 2 miles (3.2 km) converges from five lanes to two on the Kingston Bridge approaches. The result of this is often long periods of traffic congestion. Prior to the construction of the M74 extension, incentives were undertaken in an attempt to minimise delays on this section; these include restricting exits around the Kingston Bridge, a ramp metering programme, and expanded use of electronic signing above and beside the motorway as part of the CITRAC (Centrally Integrated TRAffic Control) system.^[9][10]

Junctions

M8 motorway
Eastbound exits	Junction	Westbound exits
M8 now terminates Edinburgh City Bypass A720 Berwick upon Tweed (A1) Edinburgh City Centre A71	J1	Start of motorway
Edinburgh Airport, Stirling, Forth Road Bridge (A90) M9	J2	Stirling, Forth Road Bridge (A90) M9
Livingston A899	J3	Livingston A899
Bathgate, Broxburn, Livingston (West) (A779) A89	J3a	Bathgate, Broxburn, Livingston (West) (A89) A779
Bathgate, Whitburn, Falkirk A801	J4	Bathgate, Whitburn, Falkirk A801
Whitburn, Heartlands (B7066)	J4a	Whitburn, Heartlands (B7066)
Harthill services
Shotts, Harthill, Salsburgh (B7066) B7057	J5	Shotts, Harthill, Salsburgh (B7066) B7057
Start of motorway	J6	Airdrie, Lanark, Motherwell, Wishaw, Cumbernauld (A723) A73
Airdrie, Lanark, Motherwell, Wishaw (A723) A73 Non-motorway traffic		Road continues as A8 towards Glasgow and Carlisle (M74)
Road continues as A8 towards Livingston and Edinburgh	J8	Glasgow (East) A8, M73 Non-motorway traffic
Carlisle (M74) M73 Coatbridge A89		Start of motorway
Baillieston	J9	No access
Easterhouse, Barlanark	J10	Easterhouse, Baillieston
Garthamlock, Queenslie B765	J11	Stepps, Queenslie B765
Riddrie, Stepps A80	J12	Riddrie, Stepps A80
Stirling, Kincardine Bridge M80	J13	Blochairn, Parkhead
Blochairn, Dennistoun B763	J14	No access
Glasgow Cathedral, Glasgow Cross, Kirkintilloch A803	J15	Glasgow Cathedral, Glasgow Cross A803
No access	J16	Aberfoyle, George Square (A81)
Dumbarton A82	J17	Dumbarton A82
Anderston, Charing Cross (No exit from main carriageway) Glasgow city centre	J18	Kelvingrove, Charing Cross
Clydebank, S.E.C.C. A814 No exit from main carriageway	J19	Clydebank, S.E.C.C. A814
No access	J20	Tradeston, East Kilbride (A730)
Tradeston, East Kilbride (A8, A730) Carlisle M74	J21	No access
No access	J22	Kilmarnock, Prestwick Airport M77
No access	J23	Govan, Ibrox B768
Govan, Kilmarnock (M77) A761	J24	Paisley, Bellahouston A761
Clyde Tunnel A739	J25	Clyde Tunnel A739
No access	J25a	Braehead
Hillington, Braehead A736	J26	Hillington, Renfrew (A8) A736
Paisley, Renfrew A741	J27	Paisley, Renfrew A741
No access	J28	Glasgow Airport
No access	J28a	Irvine A737
Paisley, Glasgow Airport A726, Irvine A737	J29	Paisley A726
Erskine, Erskine Bridge M898	J30	Erskine, Erskine Bridge M898
Start of motorway	J31	Bishopton A8
Bishopton A8 Non-motorway traffic		Road becomes A8 towards Greenock

See also

• List of motorways in the United Kingdom

References

1. "Department for Transport - GOV.UK" (PDF). dft.gov.uk.
2. Steven Jukes. "Pathetic Motorways". pathetic.org.uk.
3. M8 motorway construction timeline, CRBD.co.uk
4. "Keeping communities informed". transportscotland.gov.uk.
5. "M8 M73 M74 Motorway Improvements". transportscotland.gov.uk.
6. M8 motorway exit list, CBRD.co.uk
7. E05 route descriptor, elbruz.com
8. E16 route descriptor, elbruz.com
9. "Living in Glasgow – CITRAC". Glasgow.gov.uk. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
10. "Traffic Scotland > Variable Message Signs". trafficscotland.org.

External links

Route map: Bing / Google

• Glasgow's Motorways - The M8 Motorway
• CBRD
  • Motorway Database – M8
  • Videos – M8
• Pathetic Motorways – A8(M) Renfrew Bypass
• The Motorway Archive – M8
  • Eastern Scotland Section
  • Western Scotland Section