McDonnell Douglas MD-90
MD-90 | |
---|---|
BritishJET MD-90-30 landing at Gatwick Airport | |
Role | Narrow-body jet airliner |
National origin | United States |
Manufacturer | McDonnell Douglas Boeing Commercial Airplanes |
First flight | February 22, 1993 |
Introduction | 1995 with Delta Air Lines |
Status | In service |
Primary users | Delta Air Lines Uni Air EVA Air |
Produced | 1993–2000 |
Number built | 116[1] |
Unit cost |
US$41.5–48.5 million |
Developed from | McDonnell Douglas MD-80 |
Variants | McDonnell Douglas MD-94X |
The McDonnell Douglas MD-90 is a twin-engine, short- to medium-range, single-aisle commercial jet airliner. The MD-90 was developed from the MD-80 series. Differences from the MD-80 include more fuel-efficient International Aero Engines V2500 engines and a longer fuselage. The MD-90 has a seating capacity of up to 172 passengers and was introduced into service with Delta Air Lines in 1995.
The MD-90 and the subsequent MD-95/Boeing 717 were derivatives of the MD-80, which itself was a derivative commercially introduced in 1980 from the DC-9.
Design and development
Background
The Douglas Aircraft Company developed the DC-9 in the 1960s as a short-range companion to their larger DC-8.[2] The DC-9 was an all-new design, using two rear fuselage-mounted turbofan engines, and a T-tail. The DC-9 has a narrow-body fuselage design with a 5-abreast seating with a capacity of 80 to 135 passengers depending on seating arrangement and aircraft version.
The second generation of the DC-9 was originally called the DC-9-80 series or the DC-9 Super 80 but later marketed as the MD-80[3] and entered service in 1980. McDonnell Douglas began studies into shorter derivatives of the MD-80 in 1983, these studies eventually becoming known as the MD-90. While for several years, McDonnell Douglas proposed powering the MD-90 with two propfan engines, by 1989, it was clear that there was insufficient interest in prop fan powered aircraft, and reworked their proposals to feature the IAE V2500 turbofan instead.[4]
MD-90
The MD-90 was firmly launched on November 14, 1989, when Delta Air Lines placed an order for 50 MD-90s, with options for a further 110 aircraft.[4] The aircraft first flew on February 22, 1993 and the first MD-90 was delivered to Delta in February 1995.[5] The MD-90 was produced adjacent to the Long Beach Airport in Long Beach, California, USA.
The MD-90 is a mid-size, medium-range airliner that was developed from the MD-80 series. It is a 5 feet (1.5 m) longer, updated version of the MD-88 with similar electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) and more powerful, quieter and fuel efficient IAE V2500 engines instead of the JT8D engines, which power the MD-80 series. This made the MD-90 the first derivative variant of the DC-9 to use a high-bypass turbofan engine. Typical seating for the MD-90 ranges from 153 to 172 passengers, depending on the cabin configuration and interior layout.[6]
The MD-90 was produced in two versions: -30 and -30ER. The -30 has a range of 2,400 miles (3,860 km). The -30ER has a higher gross weight and range up to 2,750 miles (4,426 km) with an auxiliary fuel tank. An even longer range version, the -50, was offered but was never ordered.[7]
The initial MD-90s feature an EFIS cockpit similar to the MD-88's cockpit.[8] The 29 MD-90s delivered to Saudi Arabian Airlines feature a full glass cockpit with avionics and an overhead display panel similar to the MD-11's cockpit for easy transition for the airline's pilots of the MD-11, also operated by the airline.[8][9]
No MD-90 orders were received after Boeing and McDonnell Douglas merged in 1997 due to internal competition with Boeing's 737.[10] Delta Air Lines had initially placed a large order for the MD-90 to replace some aging Boeing 727s. After the Boeing-McDonnell Douglas merger, Delta canceled their remaining 19 MD-90 orders in favor of the Boeing 737-800.[10][11] A total of 40 MD-90s (later 20) were to be assembled under contract in Shanghai, People's Republic of China under the Trunkliner program,[12][13] but Boeing's decision to phase out the MD-90 resulted in only two built by Shanghai Aircraft.[14]
MD-90 production at Long Beach, California ended in 2000 with the last airplane being delivered to Saudi Arabian Airlines,[10] and MD-90T production at Shanghai ended in 2000. With 116 MD-90 aircraft produced, the MD-90 production run was the smallest among the DC-9 family.[1] Two aircraft were also produced at Jiangwan Airfield in Shanghai, People's Republic of China.[15]
Following the MD-90 in the DC-9 family was the MD-95, which was renamed the Boeing 717-200 after McDonnell Douglas (successor to Douglas Aircraft Company) merged with Boeing in 1997.[16] The main competitors of the MD-90 included the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737-800.
Variants
- MD-90-30
- Basic variant with two V2500 engines and an EFIS cockpit.
- MD-90-30IGW
- Increased Gross Weight version, one built.
- MD-90-30ER
- Extended Range (ER) version of MD-90-30, two built.
- MD-90-30T "Trunkliner"
- Variant of the MD-90-30 assembled by Shanghai Aviation Industrial Corporation in the People's Republic of China. Production was initially planned to be 40,[17] later reduced to 20,[18] with only two built in the end.[19] To accommodate the heavy aircraft on unsuitable runways, a dual tandem landing gear with more tires to spread the weight of the aircraft was designed for the Trunkliner,[20] but ultimately not used in the two aircraft produced.[21] The COMAC ARJ21 is built using tooling retained by the Chinese after the end of the Chinese MD-90-30 program.[22]
Operators
In October 2015, a total of 67 MD-90 aircraft were in active service.[23]
Accidents and incidents
As of October 2015, the MD-90 has been involved in three incidents,[24] including 2 hull-loss accident,[25] with 1 fatality.[26]
- Notable accidents and incidents
- On August 24, 1999, a UNI Air MD-90 caught fire after a passenger's carry-on luggage containing gasoline was ignited by a motorcycle battery contained in another passenger's carry-on luggage. 28 people were injured as a result of the cabin fire. The aircraft was damaged beyond economic repair.[27][28]
Specifications
MD-90-30 | MD-90-30ER | |
---|---|---|
Passengers | 153 (2 class) 172 (1 class) | |
Max Take-off Weight | 156,000 lb (70,760 kg) |
168,000 lb (76,204 kg) |
Take off run at MTOW | 7450 ft (2,270 m) | |
Range | 2,085 nmi (3,860 km) | 2,172 nmi (4,023 km) *2,389 nmi (4,424 km) |
Cruise Speed, typical | Mach 0.76 (504 mph, 811 km/h) | |
Length | 152 ft 7 in (46.5 m) | |
Wing span | 107 ft 10 in (32.87 m) | |
Height | 30 ft 6 in (9.4 m) | |
Power plant (2 x) | IAE V2525-D5 25,000 lbf (111.21 kN) Optional: IAE V2528-D5 28,000 lbf (124.55 kN) |
Note: * With extra 565 gallon auxiliary fuel tank.
Sources: Boeing,[29][30] Airlines.net[31]
See also
- Related development
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Related lists
References
- 1 2 "Boeing: Commercial - Orders & Deliveries". Boeing. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ↑ Norris, Guy and Wagner, Mark. Douglas Jetliners. MBI Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0-7603-0676-1.
- ↑ History - Chronology - 1977-1982. The Boeing Company. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
- 1 2 Swanborough 1993, p.90.
- ↑ "Boeing: Commercial Airplanes - MD-90 Background". Archived from the original on 2013-02-16. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ↑ "Boeing: Commercial Airplanes - MD-90 Technical Characteristics". Archived from the original on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ↑ MD-90 page, airliners.net. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- 1 2 Becher 2002, p. 105.
- ↑ Saudia Calls for Honeywell Flat Panel Cockpit Displays for New MD-90s. Honeywell. February 6, 1996. Retrieved: 2008-12-08.
- 1 2 3 Becher 2002, pp. 102-105.
- ↑ Delta's 1997 Annual Report, Delta Air Lines. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- ↑ China Northern Airlines Receives First MD-90 Aircraft, The Boeing Company. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- ↑ "Cox Report - May 25, 1999". cnn.com.
- ↑ Boeing in China, The Boeing Company. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- ↑ Shanghai Jiangwan Airfield. Global Security. Retrieved: 2008-12-09.
- ↑ Boeing Chronology, 1997-2001, Boeing
- ↑ Mintz, J., Sale of Aircraft Machinery to China Shows Perils of Exporting Technology, Washington Post, June 7, 1998. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
- ↑ China Northern Airlines Receives First MD-90, McDonnell Douglas Corporation, July 26, 1996. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
- ↑ Becher 2002, p. 104.
- ↑ Bailey, J., "China: Boeing argues MDC lead". Flight International, May 1–7, 1991. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
- ↑ "Boeing MD-90/90". Forecast International. Retrieved 2008-12-09. (archived file)
- ↑ Burchell, Bill. "Setting Up Support For Future Regional Jets". Aviation Week, October 13, 2010.
- ↑ "Aircraft and Fleet Lists - ch-aviation.com". Retrieved 4 October 2015.
- ↑ McDonnell Douglas MD-90 incidents. Aviation-Safety.net, September 28, 2015.
- ↑ McDonnell Douglas MD-90 Accident summary. Aviation-Safety.net, September 28, 2015.
- ↑ McDonnell Douglas MD-90 Accident Statistics. Aviation-Safety.net, September 28, 2015.
- ↑ MD-90 UNI Air accident on August 24, 1999. Aviation-Safety.net. Retrieved: August 9, 2010.
- ↑ http://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/TW/2000-08-24-TW.pdf
- ↑ MD-90 characteristics. Boeing
- ↑ MD-90 airport report. Boeing
- ↑ MD-90 specs. airliners.net
- Becher, Thomas. Douglas Twinjets, DC-9, MD-80, MD-90 and Boeing 717. The Crowood Press, 2002. ISBN 1-86126-446-1.
- Swanborough, Gordon. "A 'Ninety for the 'Nineties". Air International, August 1993, Vol 45 No 2. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. pp. 90–95
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to McDonnell Douglas MD-80/MD-90. |
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