41st Canadian Parliament

41st Parliament of Canada
Majority parliament
June 2, 2011 – August 2, 2015
Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister
(cabinet)		 Rt. Hon. Stephen Harper
(28th Canadian Ministry)
February 6, 2006 – November 4, 2015
Leader of the
Opposition		 Hon. Jack Layton
May 2, 2011 – August 22, 2011 (His death)
Nycole Turmel
August 23, 2011 – March 23, 2012
Hon. Thomas Mulcair
March 24, 2012 – November 4, 2015
Party caucuses
Government Conservative Party
Opposition New Democratic Party
Third parties Liberal Party
Bloc Québécois*
Green Party*
Strength in Democracy*
Progressive Conservative*†
* Party does not hold official party status.
† Only in the Senate.
House of Commons

Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the
Commons		 Hon. Andrew Scheer
June 2, 2011 – December 2, 2015
Government
House Leader		 Hon. Peter Van Loan
May 18, 2011 – November 4, 2015
Opposition
House Leader		 Hon. Thomas Mulcair
June 2, 2011 – October 14, 2011
Joe Comartin
October 14, 2011 – April 19, 2012
Nathan Cullen
April 20, 2012 – March 19, 2014
Peter Julian
March 20, 2014 – November 18, 2015
Members 308 MP seats
List of members
Senate

Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the
Senate		 Hon. Noël A. Kinsella
February 8, 2006 – November 27, 2014
Hon. Pierre Claude Nolin
November 27, 2014 – April 23, 2015
Hon. Leo Housakos
April 24, 2015 - August 2, 2015
Government
Senate Leader		 Hon. Marjory LeBreton
February 6, 2006 – July 14, 2013
Claude Carignan
August 30, 2013 – November 4, 2015
Opposition
Senate Leader		 Hon. Jim Cowan
November 3, 2008 –
Senators 105 senator seats
List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch Elizabeth II
February 6, 1952 – present
Sessions
1st Session
June 2, 2011 – September 13, 2013
2nd Session
October 16, 2013 – August 2, 2015
<40th 42nd>

The 41st Canadian Parliament was in session from June 2, 2011 to August 2, 2015, with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 2011 federal election held on May 2, 2011. Parliament convened on June 2, 2011, with the election of Andrew Scheer as Speaker, followed the next day with the Speech from the Throne. There were two sessions in this Parliament. On August 2, 2015, Prime Minister Stephen Harper asked the Governor General to dissolve Parliament and issue the writ of election, leading to an 11-week election campaign period for the 2015 federal election.

Party standings

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Standings in the 41st Canadian Parliament
Affiliation House Members Senate Members
2011 Election
Results		 At Dissolution On Election
Day 2011[1]		 At Dissolution
Conservative 166 159 52 47
New Democratic 103 95 0 0
Liberal 34 36 46 0
Bloc Québécois 4 2 0 0
Green 1 2 0 0
Strength in Democracy N/A 2 N/A 0
Independent 0 8[note 1] 2[2] 6[3]
Independent Conservative 0 0[4] 0 0
Senate Progressive Conservative Caucus 0 0 2[5] 0
Senate Liberal Caucus N/A 0 N/A 29
Independent Progressive Conservative 0 0 0 1[6]
Total members 308 304 102 83
Vacant 0 4 3 22
Total seats 308 105

Major bills and motions

In the parliament's first session, the House of Commons met for 14 days in June, between the end of election and before the summer recess, and 6 bills were given royal assent, all on June 26. The Restoring Mail Delivery for Canadians Act (Bill C-6) was adopted despite 58 hours of continuous debate.[7] The 2011 Canadian federal budget was quickly passed and while only the Conservatives voted in favour of the appropriation acts, the Bloc Québécois and Green Party joined them in voting in favour of the budget implementation bill Supporting Vulnerable Seniors and Strengthening Canada's Economy Act (Bill C-3) which enacted several spending measures promised in the budget, such as increasing the Guaranteed Income Supplements for seniors.[8] The Fair and Efficient Criminal Trials Act (Bill C-2) authorizing federal judges to hear all pretrial motions at once during mega-trials, was introduced on June 13 and was supported by the Conservative, New Democratic and Liberal parties.[9]

When the parliament re-convened in September, the Minister of Justice introduced the Safe Streets and Communities Act (Bill C-10), an omnibus bill of nine separate measures. Among the measures include replacing the pardon system with 'record suspensions', mandatory minimum sentences and/or penalties for certain drug and sexual offences, increasing prison sentences for marijuana offences, making it illegal to make sexually explicit information available to a child, reducing the ability of judges to sentence certain offenders to house arrest, allowing immigration officers to deny work permits to foreigners who are at risk of being sexually exploited, and enabling Canadians to sue state sponsors of terrorism for losses due to an act of terrorism.[10][11] The bill was reviewed by the 'House Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights' throughout October and November, chaired by Oxford MP Dave MacKenzie and passed by the House of Commons on December 5, 2011, on a 157 to 127 vote, with only the Conservative Party voting in favour. The senate made six amendments and it was given royal assent on March 13, 2012.

On September 29 the Minister of Industry introduced the Copyright Modernization Act (Bill C-11) — the same bill that was introduced in the 3rd session of the previous parliament and referred to the 'Legislative Committee on Bill C-32'. The bill is first major copyright reform since 1997 and brings Canadian copyright laws in line with modern digital rights management[12][13] The act enables copyright holders to sue operators of peer-to-peer file sharing sites, makes circumventing technological protection measures (e.g. digital locks, encryption, etc.) illegal except when in the public interest, makes it illegal to remove rights management information (e.g. digital watermarks), extends moral rights for performers, makes legal the practise of copying for the purpose of backup, format shifting (CD to mp3), time shifting (recording to watch later), and expands fair dealing to include use in education, parody, and satire.[14] However, the proposed law was criticized as "irredeemably flawed"[15] due to a contradiction between consumer rights and digital locks, American interference, a requirement for students to destroy copyrighted digital content after a course ends, and makes notice and notice mandatory for all ISPs, including disclosing the identity and activity of customers suspected of copyright infringement.[15] The bill finally passed the House of Commons on June 18 and given royal assent on June 29.

The Minister of Agriculture introduced the Marketing Freedom for Grain Farmers Act (Bill C-18) which repealed the Canadian Wheat Board Act, eliminating the requirement for farmers to sell wheat and barley produce to the Canadian Wheat Board. The new act also appoints a new board of directors that must either privatize or dismantle the wheat board.[16] The bill was studied by the 'Legislative Committee on Bill C-18' chaired by Wetaskiwin MP Blaine Calkins between October 31 and November 4. The bill was subject to a lawsuit by the wheat board's existing board of directors claiming that the government cannot change the mandate of the wheat board without the consent of its members[17] and a counter-suit which sought to prevent the board of directors from using wheat board revenue for legal action against the government.[18] A federal trial court decided that for the bill to be legal the government required the consent of the affected farmers, via a vote or plebiscite, as provided for in the 1998 Canadian Wheat Board Act, although that case is in appeal as of December 2011.[19] Nevertheless, on November 28, the bill was passed by the House of Commons, with only the Conservative Party voting in favour. The bill was reviewed by the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry in December and passed by the Senate on December 15, 2011. Despite the ruling of the judicial branch, Governor General David Johnston gave royal assent to the bill on the same day.[20]

The Minister of Public Safety introduced the Ending the Long-gun Registry Act (Bill C-19) which amends the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act to remove the requirement to register firearms that are neither prohibited nor restricted and requires that the existing records relating to non-restricted firearms in the Canadian Firearms Registry be destroyed.[21] The registration of long guns had been a divisive issue since its inception in 1995.[22] The bill was introduce on October 25 and reviewed by the 'House Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security' throughout November, chaired by Crowfoot MP Kevin Sorenson. With no amendments made to the bill in committee, it was passed on February 15 by the House of Commons on a 159 to 130 vote, with only two opposition MPs voting in favour.[23] The bill was passed by the senate on April 5, 2012, and given royal assent the next day.

The Minister of Public Safety also introduced the Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act (Bill C-30) which proposed to amend the Criminal Code to grant law enforcement agencies new powers, such as online surveillance or warrantless wiretapping, to combat criminal activity on the internet. The bill has met with criticism from privacy groups, opposition MPs and the public over charges that the law would infringe on the privacy rights of Canadian citizens.[24] Toews responded to the opposition by stating, addressing a Liberal MP, "He can either stand with us or stand with the child pornographers"[25] which was received negatively. The bill was introduced on February 14, 2012, and declared dead a year later when the Response to the Supreme Court of Canada Decision in R. v. Tse Act (Bill C-55) was introduced which also makes provisions for online surveillance and warrantless wiretapping.

Senate leader Majorly LeBreton introduced the Safe Food for Canadians Act (Bill S-11) which was part of a response to tainted meat being discovered coming from the XL Foods processing plant in September 2012. The act made numerous changes to the food regulatory system, including requiring better tracking of products, providing food inspectors more authority and increasing penalties for violations.[26]

The Minister of Justice introduced the Not Criminally Responsible Reform Act (Bill C-54) on February 8, 2013. The legislation proposes to create a "high risk" designation for people found guilty of a crime but not criminally responsible due to a mental disorder and enshrines in law that the safety of the public is paramount in deciding whether and how such a person can re-enter society.[27]

Omnibus bills

On April 26, 2012, the Minister of Finance introduced the Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act (Bill C-38), an omnibus bill that amends over 50 laws. The bill makes numerous amendments to the environmental assessment process, including increasing the threshold for which reviews are required, limiting the scope of the reviews, shortening review times, moving environmental reviews of pipeline projects to the National Energy Board and nuclear projects to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, enabling the delegation of reviews to provincial agencies, limiting reviews of fish habitats to only the fish used for commercial, recreation or first nations purposes, making reviews of migratory birds optional (at the discretion of cabinet), and limits public participation to only those individuals who directly impacted by a proposal or are specifically sought by the review agency for their specialized knowledge.[28] The omnibus bill would also repeal the Kyoto Protocol Implementation Act and the Fair Wages and Hours of Labour Act, eliminates the National Council of Welfare, and the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, the regulatory agency Assisted Human Reproduction Canada, the Public Appointments Commission, the National Roundtable on the Environment and the Economy, and the Canadian Artists and Producers Professional Relations Tribunal, as well as eliminates the office of the inspector general at the Canadian Security Intelligence Service and certain reviews by Auditor General.[29] It creates a new department called Shared Services Canada and replaces the Employment Insurance Board of Referees with the Social Security Tribunal. The bill also provides for moving the Old Age Security pension threshold from 65 to 67 years old, and provides for the deprecation of the penny and social insurance number cards.[29] The government was criticized for limiting debate on the 420-page bill to only 7 days.[30] The bill was passed by the House of Commons on June 18 and the Senate on June 29 and given royal assent on the same day.

The second omnibus bill was the Jobs and Growth Act (C-45), introduced on October 18, 2012, by the Minister of Finance and adopted on December 14. The 443-page bill makes 65 amendments to 24 laws.[31] Among the financial measures in the bill were the elimination of the Overseas Employment Tax Credit and corporate tax credits for mining exploration and development; moving the Atlantic Investment Tax Credit away from oil, gas, and mining towards electricity generation; making provisions for Pooled Registered Pension Plans; various amendments to Registered Disability Savings Plans, Retirement Compensation Arrangements, Employees Profit Sharing Plans, and thin capitalisation rules; reducing the Scientific Research and Experimental Development Tax Credit Program; adding a requirement that employers report as part of an employee's income any contributions to a group sickness or accident insurance plan; increasing the salaries of federal judges and making the income of the Governor General subject to income taxes.[32] Non-financial measures added into the bill included a renaming of the Navigable Waters Protection Act to Navigation Protection Act and reduces its scope from all navigable waters to only 159 rivers and lakes, plus three oceans; creates the Bridge to Strengthen Trade Act which exempts a proposed new bridge between Windsor, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan from the Environmental Assessment Act, Fisheries Act, and the new Navigation Protection Act;[33] eliminates the Merchant Seamen Compensation Board, the Hazardous Materials Information Review Commission, and the Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board.[34] The portion of the bill that dealt with political pensions was taken out after first reading and re-introduced as the Pension Reform Act (Bill C-46)

As of August 2013, 15 private member bills had received royal assent. Six private member bills were adopted in 2012:

In 2013, another nine private member bills were adopted:

Canadian Ministry

With the 28th Canadian Ministry continuing, Harper largely kept the same cabinet as before the election but had lost five ministers to retirement or defeat. In the 18 May cabinet shuffle he promoted Steven Blaney, Ed Fast, Joe Oliver, Peter Penashue to ministerial positions, as well as promoting Denis Lebel and Julian Fantino from Minister of State roles to ministerial positions. He also promoted Bernard Valcourt, Tim Uppal, Alice Wong, Bal Gosal, and Maxime Bernier to Minister of State roles, replacing the two who had been promoted to Minister, one who had been defeated in the election, and Rob Merrifield and Rob Moore who were demoted.[35] Upon the retirement of Bev Oda in July 2012, Harper promoted Julian Fantino to replace her as Minister for International Cooperation, with Bernard Valcourt adding Fantino's former Associate Minister post to his Minister of State role.

Senate

In total during the 41st Parliament, Prime-Minister Harper appointed 21 senators, all of whom caucused with the Conservative Party. On May 18, 2011, two weeks after the election, Harper appointed Fabian Manning, Larry Smith, and Josée Verner, all of whom were defeated Conservative Party candidates in the general election. Manning and Smith had resigned from the Senate to run in the election and they became the first Senators to be reappointed to the Senate since John Carling in April 1896.[36] On January 6, 2012, Harper appointed seven new Senators, all Conservative Party members: Alberta Senator-in-waiting Betty Unger, former police chief in the city of Ottawa Vernon White, former MP Norman Doyle, the 2011 Conservative Party nominee in Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot Jean-Guy Dagenais, as well as JoAnne Buth, Ghislain Maltais, and Asha Seth.[37][38] A third batch of senators were appointed on September 6, 2012. They included the first Vietnamese-Canadian, Thanh Hai Ngo, and the first Filipino-Canadian, Tobias C. Enverga, to be appointed as senators, as well as Diane Bellemare of Montreal, Tom McInnis of Halifax, and Paul McIntyre.[39] In early 2013, Harper appointed a final batch, including Denise Batters, David Wells of St. John's, Victor Oh of Mississauga, Lynn Beyak of Dryden, Ontario,[40] plus Alberta Senators-in-waiting Doug Black and Scott Tannas.

Of those who left the Senate during the 41st Parliament, 22 had reached the mandatory retirement age, including 12 Conservative Party members and one of the two remaining Progressive Conservatives. Three senators (Fred Dickson, Doug Finley, and Pierre Claude Nolin) died while in office. Of the remaining, 13 voluntarily resigned for various reasons, including 7 who had caucused with the Liberal Party and 6 with the Conservative Party. The Senate suspended three members (Mike Duffy, Pamela Wallin and Patrick Brazeau) for the remainder of the 41st Parliament after allegations of misuse of expense accounts was presented — evidence of misspending was also presented against Mac Harb but he voluntarily resigned before Senate could consider disciplinary measures.[41] A comprehensive audit of all senator expenses was released in June 2015 which identified 21 senators who claimed and were paid for invalid expenses, amounting to $978,627. In addition to Duffy, Wallin, Brazeau and Harb, the audit recommended criminal investigations be conducted into the expense claims of 9 other senators who had served during the 41st Parliament.[42]

In January 2014, the Liberal Party removed its senate members from its national party caucus. From then on, the members and the new senate caucus were referred to as "Independent Liberal" and "Liberal (Senate caucus)".[43]

Members

For full lists of members of the 41st Parliament of Canada, see List of House members of the 41st Parliament of Canada and List of senators in the 41st Parliament of Canada.

Committees

House

Senate

Joint Committees

Officeholders

The current[44] and former officers of Parliament during the 41st Parliament are set out below.

Speakers

Other Chair occupants

Senate

House of Commons

Leaders

Floor leaders

Senate

House of Commons

Whips

Senate

House of Commons

Shadow cabinets

Changes to party standings

The following by-elections have been held during the 41st Canadian Parliament:

By-election Date Incumbent Party Winner Party Cause Retained
Barrie 2015 (cancelled) Patrick Brown      Conservative NA      NA Resigned after being elected leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. NA
Ottawa West—Nepean October 19, 2015 (cancelled) John Baird      Conservative NA      NA Resigned from cabinet, and subsequently from parliament, to enter private life. NA
Sudbury October 19, 2015 (cancelled) Glenn Thibeault      New Democratic NA      NA Resigned to enter provincial politics. NA
Peterborough October 19, 2015 (cancelled) Dean Del Mastro      Independent NA      NA Resigned after being found guilty on three counts of violating election spending limits. NA
Yellowhead November 17, 2014 Rob Merrifield      Conservative Jim Eglinski      Conservative Resigned to accept appointment as Alberta's envoy to the United States. Yes
Whitby—Oshawa November 17, 2014 Jim Flaherty      Conservative Pat Perkins      Conservative Death (heart attack) Yes
Scarborough—Agincourt June 30, 2014 Jim Karygiannis      Liberal Arnold Chan      Liberal Resigned to run for Toronto City Council. Yes
Trinity—Spadina June 30, 2014 Olivia Chow      New Democratic Adam Vaughan      Liberal Resigned to run for Mayor of Toronto. No
Fort McMurray—Athabasca June 30, 2014 Brian Jean      Conservative David Yurdiga      Conservative Resigned to return to private life. Yes
Macleod June 30, 2014 Ted Menzies      Conservative John Barlow      Conservative Resigned to accept a position in the private sector. Yes
Brandon—Souris November 25, 2013 Merv Tweed      Conservative Larry Maguire      Conservative Resigned to join private sector. Yes
Toronto Centre November 25, 2013 Bob Rae      Liberal Chrystia Freeland      Liberal Resigned to become First Nations negotiator in Ontario. Yes
Provencher November 25, 2013 Vic Toews      Conservative Ted Falk      Conservative Resigned to spend more time with his family and join the private sector. Yes
Bourassa November 25, 2013 Denis Coderre      Liberal Emmanuel Dubourg      Liberal Resigned to run for Mayor of Montreal. Yes
Labrador May 13, 2013 Peter Penashue      Conservative Yvonne Jones      Liberal Resigned to run again in a by-election following election spending concerns. No
Victoria November 26, 2012 Denise Savoie      New Democratic Murray Rankin      New Democratic Resignation due to illness Yes
Durham November 26, 2012 Bev Oda      Conservative Erin O'Toole      Conservative Resignation Yes
Calgary Centre November 26, 2012 Lee Richardson      Conservative Joan Crockatt      Conservative Resigned to work in the office of the Premier of Alberta. Yes
Toronto—Danforth March 19, 2012 Jack Layton      New Democratic Craig Scott      New Democratic Death (cancer) Yes

The party standings in the House of Commons have changed as follows:

May 2, 2011 – January 17, 2014
Number of members
per party by date		 2011 2012 2013
May 2 Aug 22 Dec 5 Jan 10 Mar 19 Apr 23 May 30 Jul 31 Aug 31 Nov 26 Feb 27 Mar 14 May 13 Jun 2 Jun 5 Jun 6 Jul 9 Jul 31 Aug 31 Sep 12 Sep 26 Nov 6 Nov 25 Dec 13
Conservative 166 165 164 163 165 164 163 164 163 162 161 160 162
New Democratic 103 102 101 102 101 100 101 100
Liberal 34 35 36 35 34 36
Bloc Québécois 4 5 4
Green 1 2
Independent 0 1 2 3 2
Independent Conservative 0 1 0 1
  Total members 308 307 308 307 306 305 308 307 308 307 306 305 304 303 307
Vacant 0 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1
  Government majority 24 25 23 22 21 20 21 22 21 20 21 19 21 20 21 20 18 17
January 17, 2014 – present
Number of members
per party by date		 2014 2015
Jan 17 Mar 12 Apr 1 Apr 10 Jun 6 Jun 30 Aug 12 Aug 20 Aug 25 Sep 17 Oct 21 Nov 5 Nov 17 Jan 5 Feb 9 Mar 16 Mar 31 May 13
Conservative 161 160 162 161 163 162 161 160 159
New Democratic 100 99 98 97 96 95
Liberal 36 35 37 35 36
Bloc Québécois 4 3 2
Green 2
Strength in Democracy 0 2
Independent 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 8
Independent Conservative 1 0
  Total members 306 305 304 303 307 306 305 307 306 305 304
Vacant 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
  Government majority 16 17 18 17 16 17 19 20 18 17 15 14

The party standings in the Senate have changed during the 41st Canadian Parliament as follows:

May 2, 2011 – May 9, 2013
Number of members
per party by date		 2011 2012 2013
May 2 May 13 May 25 Jun 13 Sep 7 Sep 21 Sep 26 Oct 17 Dec 2 Dec 17 Jan 6 Jan 17 Feb 6 Feb 9 Feb 20 Jun 18 Jun 30 Jul 21 Sep 6 Sep 17 Sep 23 Oct 19 Nov 6 Jan 10 Jan 18 Jan 25 Feb 7 Feb 11 Mar 16 Mar 22 Mar 25
Conservative 52 54 55 54 59 60 59 58 59 58 57 62 61 60 65 64 63 62 63
Liberal 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36
Independent 2 3
Senate Progressive Conservative Caucus 2 1 0
  Independent Progressive Conservative 0 1
  Total members 102 101 103 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 103 104 103 102 103 102 101 100 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 104 103 102 103
Vacant 3 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 2
  Government majority 2 3 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 15 16 15 14 15 16 15 14 19 20 19 20 19 20 21 26 24 23 22 23
May 9, 2013 – present
Number of members
per party by date		 2013 2014 2015
May 9 May 11 May 16 May 17 Aug 2 Aug 26 Nov 16 Nov 21 Nov 30 Jan 29 Jun 15 Jun 17 Jun 30 Jul 17 Jul 25 Aug 10 Nov 27 Dec 2 Dec 15 Jan 31 Apr 17 Apr 23 Jun 15 Jun 17 Jun 20 Jul 4
Conservative 63 62 61 60 59 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47
Liberal 35 33 32 0
Senate Liberal Caucus 0 32 31 32 31 30 29
Independent 4 5 6 5 6 5 4 5 6
  Independent Progressive Conservative 1
  Total members 103 102 100 99 98 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83
Vacant 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
  Government majority 23 22 20 18 20 21 20 18 17 18 17 18 17 16 17 16 17 18 16 15 13 12 11

Notes

  1. ↑ Scott Andrews, André Bellavance, Sana Hassainia, Maria Mourani, Massimo Pacetti, Manon Perreault, Brent Rathgeber, James Lunney

References

  1. ↑ Members of the Canadian Senate are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and remain senators until the age of 75, even if the House of Commons has been dissolved or an election has been called.
  2. ↑ Anne Cools, Jean-Claude Rivest
  3. ↑ Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu, Patrick Brazeau, Anne Cools, Mike Duffy, Don Meredith, Pamela Wallin
  4. ↑ Two members, Peter Goldring and Dean Del Mastro, were listed as Independent Conservatives during the 41st Canadian Parliament
  5. ↑ Elaine McCoy, Lowell Murray
  6. ↑ Elaine McCoy
  7. ↑ "Canada Post back-to-work bill clears House". CBC News. June 25, 2011. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  8. ↑ "Federal budget passes House of Commons vote". CBC News. June 13, 2011. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  9. ↑ Leblanc, Daniel; Jane Taber (June 13, 2011). "Opposition support for Tory trial bill is an exception". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  10. ↑ Chase, Steven (September 20, 2011). "Weighty Tory crime bill targets drugs, sex offenders, 'out-of-control' youth". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  11. ↑ Chase, Steven (September 20, 2011). "Sweeping Conservative crime bill only 'the beginning'". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  12. ↑ Chase, Steven (September 29, 2011). "Law cracks down on digital piracy in Canada". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
  13. ↑ Chung, Emily; Janyce McGregor (September 29, 2011). "Tories want to wrap copyright law by Christmas". CBC News. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
  14. ↑ "Goodmans Update: Entertainment and Communications Law" (PDF). Goodmans LLP. July 3, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  15. 1 2 Winseck, Dwayne (October 25, 2011). "Take notice of the slippery slopes in the Copyright Modernization Act". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  16. ↑ "'Sky will be the limit,' Tories say in tabling wheat-board overhaul". The Globe and Mail. October 18, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  17. ↑ Chase, Steven; Paul Waldie (October 26, 2011). "Canadian Wheat Board sues Tories over plan to dismantle monopoly". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  18. ↑ Chase, Steven (October 27, 2011). "Farmers slap Canadian Wheat Board with countersuit". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  19. ↑ Waldie, Paul (December 15, 2011). "Wheat Board’s legal gambit adds to uncertainty for farmers". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
  20. ↑ McFerron, Whitney (December 15, 2011). "Canada Senate Passes Legislation Abolishing Wheat Board Marketing Monopoly". Bloomberg News. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
  21. ↑ Chase, Steven (October 25, 2011). "End of long-gun registry seen as victory in war on Big Government". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  22. ↑ "Timeline: The gun registry debate". CBC News. October 25, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  23. ↑ Davis, Jeff (February 15, 2011). "Bill to kill gun registry sails through House of Commons". Windsor Star. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
  24. ↑ Milewski, Terry (February 17, 2012). "Online surveillance bill opens door for Big Brother". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
  25. ↑ Cheadle, Bruce (February 11, 2013). "Conservatives killing off controversial Internet surveillance bill". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
  26. ↑ "No impact overall on beef exports from XL Foods scare, says minister". Telegraph-Journal (Saint John, N.B.). November 22, 2012. p. A9.
  27. ↑ Cohen, Tobi (February 8, 2013). "New bill cracks down on not criminally responsible, raises questions of fairness and necessity". Canada.com. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
  28. ↑ McCarthy, Shawn (May 9, 2012). "Budget bill gives Harper cabinet free hand on environmental assessments". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  29. 1 2 "15 ways to use a 450-page federal budget bill". CBC News. May 23, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
  30. ↑ Fekete, Jason (May 3, 2012). "Critics see Tory omnibus bill as abusive, unethical". Times Colonist (Victoria, British Columbia). Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  31. ↑ "Budget bill's pension changes to save $2.6B over 5 years". CBC News. October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
  32. ↑ Rubin, Jerry (October 2012). "2012 Federal Budget" (PDF) (Press release). CI Financial. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  33. ↑ Chase, Steven (October 18, 2012). "Ottawa shields new Windsor-Detroit bridge from lawsuits". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  34. ↑ McGregor, Janyce (October 26, 2012). "22 changes in the budget bill fine print". CBC News. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  35. ↑ Levitz, Stephanie (May 18, 2011). "Harper unveils his biggest cabinet ever, vows to focus on economy". Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  36. ↑ O'Malley, Kady (May 19, 2011). "SenateWatch: A Trip Down Reappointment Memory Lane! (WARNING: Contains Canadian History)". CBC News.
  37. ↑ "Harper appoints 7 new senators". CBC News. January 6, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  38. ↑ "Police chief, ex-MP, defeated Tory and first female electee bound for Senate". CBC News. January 6, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  39. ↑ "PM's five new senators reflect ethnic diversity". Times - Colonist (Victoria, British Columbia). September 8, 2012. p. A6.
  40. ↑ Campion-Smith, Bruce (January 26, 2013). "Harper appoints five new senators". Toronto Star. p. A8.
  41. ↑ "Senate looking into continued suspension for embattled members: Speaker". CTV News. May 10, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  42. ↑ "Senate Expenses: Two sitting senators among the 9 cases to be sent to RCMP". CTV News. June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
  43. ↑ "Trudeau's expulsion catches Liberal senators by surprise". Globe and Mail. January 29, 2014. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
  44. ↑ "Current Officers". PARLINFO. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  45. 1 2 "Leaders of the Official Opposition". PARLINFO. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  46. ↑ "Leadership Roles: New Democratic Party". PARLINFO. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  47. ↑ "Party Roles: Bloc Quebecois". Retrieved December 18, 2013.
  48. ↑ "Bloc Québécois PARLINFO". Parliament of Canada.
  49. ↑ "Gilles Duceppe announces return to Bloc Québécois leadership". CBC News. June 10, 2015.
  50. ↑ "Federal Experience: Thomas Mulcair". PARLINFO. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  51. ↑ "Federal Experience: Joe Comartin". PARLINFO. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  52. ↑ "Federal Experience: Nathan Cullen". PARLINFO. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  53. ↑ "Federal Experience: Peter Julian". PARLINFO. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  54. ↑ "PLAMONDON, Louis, B.A.Ped., B.A.An.". Parliement of Canada. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Federal Experience: André Bellavance". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  56. ↑ "Daniel Paillé, leader of Bloc Québécois, to resign". The Huffington Post Canada. December 16, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  57. ↑ "Federal Experience: Jean-François Fortin". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  58. ↑ "BLOC QUÉBÉCOIS". Parliement of Canada. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  59. ↑ "House of Commons Whips". PARLINFO. Retrieved July 16, 2012.

External links

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