Malolos

This article is about the city. For the cathedral, see Malolos Cathedral.
City of Malolos
Component City
Malolos City Hall

Seal
Nickname(s): Cradle of the Philippine Republic
Motto: The Renaissance City of Malolos

Location in the province of Bulacan
Malolos

Location within the Philippines

Coordinates: 14°50′36″N 120°48′41″E / 14.84333°N 120.81139°E / 14.84333; 120.81139Coordinates: 14°50′36″N 120°48′41″E / 14.84333°N 120.81139°E / 14.84333; 120.81139
Country Philippines
Region Central Luzon (Region III)
Province Bulacan
District 1st District
Settled 10th century CE
(part of the Huangdom of Ma-i)
Founded
• Li-Han 1225
• Encomienda November 14, 1571
• Civil Town June 11, 1580
Cityhood December 18, 1999
Founded by
Barangays 51
Government[1]
 • Representative
1st District		 Victoria R. Sy-Alvarado (NUP)
 • Mayor Christian D. Natividad (Liberal)
 • Vice Mayor Gilbert T. Gatchalian (Liberal)
Area[2]
 • Total 77.25 km2 (29.83 sq mi)
 • Land 67.25 km2 (25.97 sq mi)
Elevation 19.4 m (63.6 ft)
Population (2010)[3]
 • Total 234,945
 • Density 3,493.6/km2 (9,048/sq mi)
 • Poverty rate Decrease 4.1%
Time zone PST (UTC+8)
ZIP code 3000
Dialing code 44
Economy First Class
• Income Increase PHP 728.23 million (2014)
• Expenses Increase PHP 661.93 million (2014)
• Assets Increase PHP 533.86 million (2014)
Electricity Manila Electric Company
• Consumption 129.27 million kWh (2003)
Website www.maloloscity.gov.ph

Malolos, officially the City of Malolos (Filipino: Lungsod ng Malolos), is a first class[4] urban component city in the Philippines. Malolos is considered as the 115th city in the country.[5] It is the capital city of the province of Bulacan as the seat of the provincial government.

The city is 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. It is one of the major suburbs conurbated to Metro Manila, situated in the southwestern part of Bulacan, in the Central Luzon Region (Region 3) in the island of Luzon and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region. Bordering Malolos are the municipalities of Bulakan (the former capital of the province) to the southeast, Guiguinto to the east, Plaridel to the north, Calumpit to the northwest, and Paombong to the west. Malolos also lies on the north-eastern shore of Manila Bay.

Malolos was the site of the constitutional convention of 1898, known as the Malolos Convention, that led to the establishment of the First Philippine Republic, at the sanctuary of the Barasoain Church. The convent of the Malolos Cathedral served as the presidential palace at that time. Malolos gave birth to the first constitutional republic in Asia.

It is also one of the centers of education in Central Luzon region. It has several universities like the government-funded Bulacan State University, and privately owned Centro Escolar University at Malolos and the only Catholic University in Bulacan, University of Regina Carmeli, now known as "La Consolacion University-Philippines". Malolos also houses the most populous high school in Central Luzon, Marcelo H. del Pilar National High School, founded in 1905 and home of the Assessment Center of the Region 3, Malolos Marine Fishery School and Laboratory, founded in 1973. This Highschool perform different fields in Technical Vocational Education that will surely help many Maloleños to enhance their different skills that will link them to a WorldClass Performance.

History

Malolos, once the capital of the short-lived First Philippine Republic, is linked to many patriots and heroes in the country's history. Names such as General Emilio Aguinaldo, Pedro A. Paterno, Dr. José P. Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Pío del Pilar, Gregorio del Pilar, Apolinario Mabini, Antonio Luna, Felipe Calderón, General Isidro D. Torres and many others are forever engraved and enshrined in the annals of Philippine history, all of whom share one commonality.

Pre-Spanish conquest

"Lihan" or "Li Han" was the ancient Chinese name for Malolos, whose leaders bore the title of "Gat-sa-Lihan" or "Gatchalian" meaning Ruler of Lihan (derived from "Gat sa Li-Han") under the Rajahs and Lacandolas of Tondo. It was in 1225 that a "Li Han in the country of Mai" was mentioned in the account of Chau Ju-Kua titled Chu-Fan-Chi.[6] The Sinified state of Mai is one among many Prehispanic Philippine States such as the Rajahnate of Butuan, the Kingdom of Tondo and the Sultanate of Maguindanao. In Mai, the richness of the soil and the convenience of its location made Lihan (Malolos) an important trading post for the native inhabitants and the traders from Cathay. Ferdinand Blumentritt, a Czech Filipinologist and José Rizal's friend, and Wang Teh-Ming, a Chinese scholar, supported this historic development of commercial activities which continued almost 300 years undisturbed until the advent of the Spanish era in 1571. Long economic trade relations must have resulted in many generations of Sino-Tagalogs, whose descendants are still omnipresent in Malolos. The innumerable Malolos families who bear Chinese-sounding surnames attest to these inter-marriages.[7]

Another Pre-Spanish period identified with the old Malolos are from the accounts of the written testment of Pansomun (christened as Don Fernando Malang Balagtas) from Tabuñgao, Provincia de Calumpit dated March 21, 1589. Don Fernando Malang Balagtas is a son of the great leader of pre-Hispanic Luzon in 15th century named Malasik, son of Prince Balagtas and Dayang Panginuan, descendants of Anka Wiyaya from Madjapahit Empire. In his testament he mentioned the settlements and territories that they are ruling. In his 1589 testamento these settlements and villages of the present day Malolos was enumerated such as Quingua under Dayang Monmon, Lugam under Gat Maitan, Paombong also called Magong under Macaralaga, Looc na Malaqui (now Look Primero) under Gat Maitim. (La Primera Provincia pp. 9–14 Center for Bulacan Studies, 2010) Don Fernando wrote this testment in able to reclaim the privileges that the Spanish Crown had granted to the Lacandolas.

Early Spanish period

Adelantado Don Miguel Lopez de Legazpi conquered the settlement named Malolos on November 14, 1571, and constituted it as an Encomienda[8] (Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands, volume 34, page 304-310, paragraph 3) Adelantado Legazpi entrusted the 8 settlement along Malolos Creek to Don Marcos de Herrera and 6 Villages in Atlae (Atlag) Creek was entrusted to Don Jeronimo Tirado. Later Atlag was integrated with Malolos administered by Don Jeronimo Tirado alone. On April 5, 1572 encomiendas of Malolos and Calumpit was merged into a single town under the Town of Calumpit and it was christiniazed through the order of Father Provincial Fray Martin de Rada. Since Malolos and Calumpit was merged in 1572, Malolos was Christianised simultaneously with Calumpit and the Christianization of natives was supervised under Father Provincial Martin de Rada, Fray Pedro de Herrera and Fray Diego Ordoñez de Vivar (a native of Nueva Galicia) and his Companions (Angels in Stone,Pedro Galende 1997) and it was annexed as one of the visitas of Tondo, together with Betis, Macabebe, Lubao and Calumpit. When Calumpit was established as a Prior on March 5, 1575 the ecclesiastical administration of mission to Malolos were transferred to Calumpi Convent . After nine years, Malolos was established as a Town on June 11, 1580 wit Fray Mateo Mendoza as its first minister in an Augustinian definitors Council meeting held in Tondo Convent. From the very beginning, Tagalog made up the majority of the Malolos populace. They were led by prominent ancient families, among them are native royal clans of Gatbontons, Gatmaitan, Gatsalian (Gatchalians), Dimagibas, Lakandulas, Lacancales and Manahans. (Galende, 1996) and the Malolos native Sangleys of Tantocos, Uitangcoys, Tanchangco, Chichioco, Cojuangco, Tanjosoy, Lomotan, Chiong, Chico, Cunanan, Ingco, Tengco, Tenjeco, joined by Spanish clans of Adriano, Bautista, Jacinto, Reyes, Santos, Rustia, De Leon, Agustin, Vasquez, Valenzuela, Crisostomo and Estrella.

Theories concerning the name

THE FIRST THEORY: The name of Malolos was presumably derived from the Tagalog word "Paluslos", meaning "downwards" meaning many rivers toward the bay (which is the Manila Bay).

THE SECOND THEORY: Malolos was resulted from a misunderstanding among the first Spanish conquistadores who reached the town. Searching for inhabited places along the Calumpit river, these Conquistador came upon some natives of a riverside barrio (now Kanalate or Canalate). They asked for the name of the place. The natives, not knowing the Spanish tongue, answered paluslos", which the Spaniards pronounced "Malolos" or "Malulos". Corruption of the word through the years led to present "Malolos".

THE THIRD THEORY: According to a book written by Dr. Nicanor Tiongson entitled "The Women of Malolos" the town's name was originally written as Malulos from the word Lulos means reed or tambo, a variety of grass abundantly grows near rivers and creek all over the town, hence the place was abundant with Lulos reed or "Malulos"

THE FOURTH THEORY: According to the research of Dr. Jaime Veneracion in 1998, that according to linguist Otto Dempwolf, in his book Comparative Phonology of Austronesian Wordlist, "Malolos" was derived from an old word means "forgotten" (nalimutan) "fainted" (nawalan ng Malay) and (malilimutin) that even today, in related to Austronesian, the Toba-Batak of Palawan and those of Borneo, ‘lolos’ o ‘leles’ means (nakalimutan) and (nawalan ng ulirat).

Gradual progress as a Spanish ruled town

The economic progress in Malolos started in 1670 when most of the Chinese traders settled in Malolos and married some natives, their scions are called Sangelys Mestizos and permanently settled in Pariancillo that Spanish Government intended for them. Due to the increasing Chinese merchants and traders in Malolos, the town was engaged in textile, rice production and it became one of the top sugar producing towns equal with Negros in Visayas. In eighteenth Century, Malolos became the wealthiest town in Luzon. Many Chinese merchants went to Malolos by using sea travel via Manila Bay. Due to political and social scandals of some Chinese, they are all expelled in Malolos on June 30, 1755 and some of them settled and inter-married with natives to avoid expulsion in the town.

On August 31, 1859, the town of Malolos was divided into three independent towns; "Malolos", "Barasoain, and "Santa Isabel". These new towns are former districts of Malolos, with own respective Presidente Municipal and Parish priests. With the beginning of American rule in 1903, these towns were again reunited into a single municipality. The two other districts became barangays under the political jurisdiction of Malolos.

To cite all the historical events that transpired in Malolos, one could fill a good-sized book. The major events especially those that revolved around the first Republic, cannot be left unmentioned. Some of these are the petition of the women of Malolos, the establishment of the Constitutional Convention, drafting and ratification of the Malolos Constitution, and the inauguration of the first Philippine Republic.

Major factor in Malolos' growth and development was the opening of the Manila–Dagupan railways or Ferrocaril de Manila-Dagupan (Spanish) in April 1892. With the advent of the railroad came new ideas from Manila and other places. Another factor is Malolos proximity to industrial and business centers. Only 42 kilometres (26 mi) from Manila, the town and its people are inevitably subjected to an influx of metropolitan thoughts and commerce.

Revolt of Pedro Ladia 1643

The inhabitants initially submitted docilely to the process of Hispanization and Spanish civil authority was soon in place. The Roman Catholic religion took root and spread rapidly and became part of the native culture. However, the innate desire for an unshackled existence and the desire for freedom continued to burn in the people. In 1643, barely 60 years after the civil nucleus of the Spanish local government was set up, Malolos townspeople revolted. The revolt was led by Pedro Ladia, a native of Borneo, who claimed to be a descendant of Rajah Matanda and who later proclaimed himself as "Rajah ng mga Tagalog" (Rajah of the Tagalogs). He instigated the people of Malolos to rise in arms against Spanish rule and was able to raise a substantial following. Even before Ladia could gather the support needed to fully carry out his plan, the friar curate of Malolos, Fr. Cristobal Enriquez, preempted the uprising by convincing most of the people to remain loyal to the Fatherland, Spain. The revolt died out for lack of enough popular support. Later, Pedro Ladia was arrested and sent to Manila to be tried and then executed.[9]

Malolos was first organized into a formal municipal unit in 1822 when the first "alcalde constitucional" or municipal head was appointed. He was Jorge de Victoria, a Filipino, who like all succeeding "alcaldes", served for one year. He was followed by thirty-one other "alcaldes", with Juan Dimagiba as the thirty-first. In 1859, Malolos was subdivided into three administrative districts; Malolos, Barasoain and Santa Isabel. Juan Dimagiba became the first "alcalde" of the down-scaled Malolos. There were 12 others who served as "alcaldes" from 1859 to 1879, the first one being Mariano C. Cristobal and the 12th Capitan Tomas Tanchanco, whose term marked the start of civil turmoil in the town.[10]

Simmering insurrections

The next 240 years following the Ladia Revolt passed without any sign of serious discontent against Spanish rule. Although armed uprisings and resistance occurred in other provinces, notably in the Ilocos and in Jolo, Malolos was largely unaffected. Economic development that took precedence in the low-lying areas around Malolos, were steadily converted into productive ricefields and fishponds. This must have entailed a great deal of capital, both financial and labor, and both were apparently available in Malolos. The mestizo descendants of the pre-Hispanic Chinese traders, who became the landlords, must have been the major source of the finances. The ordinary townfolk furnished the labor and became the tenants. This landlord-tenant relationship lasted until the middle of the 20th century.

However, the continuing high-handedness of the civil government bureaucrats compounded by the abuses of the church friars became the sources of widespread unrest, which eventually reached Malolos in 1880. The enlightened and educated young ilustrados of Manila, having been exposed to European education, thoughts and political views, began to question the Philippines situation. These reformists, José Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena among them, began to expose the weaknesses of the status and to give voice to the need for reform. In Malolos, Marcelo H. del Plar, whose wife Marciana was from Malolos, made the town a principal reformist and propaganda target. Due mainly to his efforts, Malolos by 1882 became known as a center of anti-Spanish propaganda. Things came to a head in 1884, when a liberal, Don Manuel Crisostomo, was elected a gobernadorcillo. Led by him, a group of town leaders, including past, present a future town alcaldes, argued with the town's friar curate (Fray Felipe Garcia) over the collection of exorbitant taxes. The friar curate wanted to revise the tax lists for the parish's financial benefit. In 1888, during a deadly cholera epidemic, the group again clashed with the friars. To limit the spread of the epidemic, the civil government had issued a ban against church wakes for cholera victims. The church defied the ban, purportedly because of the fees which the church earned from these wakes. The town leaders took the side of the civil authorities. The situation was further inflamed with the visit of José Rizal in 1888 to the house of Don Tomas Tanchangco in Barrio San Vicente, a former alcalde and member of the reformist group. Among the alcaldes in the group were Jose A. Bautista, Jose and Antonio Tiongson, Mateo Buizon, Anastacio de Leon, Vicente Gatmaitan, Francisco Bernardo, Antonio Chiong and Jose R. Tiongson.

The town had become such a hotbed that Marcelo H. del Pilar was compelled to leave for Spain, leaving the campaign in the hands of the local leaders. The authorities soon cracked down on these Malolos mestizos and exiled many of them to Jolo, Palawan, Davao and other distant places.[11]

The 20 Women of Malolos

A natural offshoot of the ferment gripping Malolos was the cry for the implementation in the town of a long-standing royal order for the teaching of the Spanish language to the "Indios" of the Philippines. This royal edict had not been obeyed, probably because the local friars and civil government believed that this would be against their interests. Knowledge of Spanish would give the natives and mestizos access to radical ideas of economic liberalism and political democracy already sweeping across Europe. Despite this opposition, Teodoro Sandico, a progressive teacher from Pandacan in Manila, succeeded in opening an Escuela de Latinidad for boys in Malolos.

It was at this point that the letter of the twenty-one Women of Malolos was written. On December 12, 1888, the 21 young women from the Chinese-mestizo families of Malolos, Bulacan – the Reyeses, Tantocos, Tanchangcos, Tiongsons and Uitangcoys: petitioned the newly arrived Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler, then paying a visit to Malolos, to allow the opening of a night school, at their own expense, where they could learn to read and write Spanish, the language which would eradicate friar domination and put them in touch with liberal ideas current in Europe. With Weyler's blessing and over the objections of the friar curate, the school opened in early 1889. The school lasted for only a few months what with the steady and strong opposition and persecution of the friars and militarists. Teodoro Sandico, who wrote the letter for the women and presumably became the school's first teacher, was accused of subversion and, like Marcelo H. del Pilar, had to flee from the country.

The audacity and the success of these women did not go unnoticed but the women's greatest adulation came from José Rizal in his letter of February 22, 1889, "Sa Mga Kababayang Dalaga Sa Malolos." The Women of Malolos were of the breed who looked at far horizons and thought of country above self, who stood up for what is right and not for what is merely convenient, who planned and acted not only for the future and the next generation, who decisively acted on their mouthed good intentions.[12]

Balangay Apuy of the Katipunan

In the eve of July 7, 1892, the Katipunan was founded by Andrés Bonifacio together with Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, Teodora Plata and Valentín Díaz in the house of Arellano on Azcarraga St. in Manila. The Katipunan fought against Spain for the Philippine independence. Many knew that there were many Katipuneros all over the country but few knew their names. Bulacan was one of the 8 provinces declared by Governor-General Ramon Blanco as in a state of war. Balangay Apuy, chapter or "balangay" of Katipunan in Bulacan province was organized in March 1896. The earliest members of the Katipunan from Malolos were Isidoro Torres, Ramon Gonzalez de Leon and Luis Gatmaytan. They became members in March 1896 and, together with Doroteo Karagdag, they were authorized to organize chapters or "balangay" in Bulacan province.

As a result of their efforts, the "Balangay Apuy" was organized in Malolos with the following officials and members: Luis Gatmaytan, President; Ramon Gonzalez de Leon, Secretary; Victorino Gatmaytan, Treasurer; Isidoro Torres, Doroteo Karagdag, Damaso Kaluag, Vicente Villavicencio, Donato Teodoro, Dionicio Dimagiba, Maximino Borlongan, Agripino Buendia, members. Other members were Antonio Bautista, "Tagausig", Gregorio Santos, "Taliba" and Romualdo Concepción, "Mabalasik."

In early 1896, a separatist organization affiliated with the Bonifacio-founded Katipunan. It was called Katipunan del Norte presided by Agustin Tantoko, coadjutor of Calumpit parish. It was most active in Bulacan province, especially around Malolos. Gabino Tantoko, a propietario from Malolos, was a member and so were Juan, Antonio, Ezequiel, all surnamed Tantoko, among others. After the discovery of the Katipunan, the Malolos members were arrested and tortured, like the brothers Luis and Victorino Gatmaitan and Nicolas Buendia.

Later, the "Balangay Apuy" was reorganized and Isidoro became president. He headed the armed uprising in Malolos, and defeated the Spanish forces in the decisive Battle of Malolos on June 1, 1897.

Philippine Republic

The Barasoain Church
Filipino soldiers in Malolos, 1899

Malolos is the historical site of the constitutional convention of 1898 that led to the establishment of the First Philippine Republic, the first republic in Asia, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. Malolos served as the capital of the short-lived republic from 1898 to 1899. In 1899, after the Malolos Constitution was ratified, the Universidad Scientifico Literaria de Filipinas was established in Malolos, Bulacan. It offered Law as well as Medicine, Surgery and Notary Public; Academia Militar,(the Philippine's First Military School) which was established on October 25, 1898; and The Burgos Institute, (the Philippine's first law school) and an exclusive school for boys.

Malolos Congress convened on September 15, 1898, at Barasoain Church. On the 18th, Aguinaldo proclaimed Malolos as the capital of the Philippines. The first important act of the Congress was the ratification on September 29, 1898, of the independence proclamation of June 12, 1898, at Kawit, Cavite. On October 19, 1898, by virtue of an act of Congress, the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas was established. It was in Malolos on December 20, 1898, when Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared December 30 of every year as a day of national mourning. The greatest achievement and for which the Malolos Congress was known was the framing of the Constitution, prepared by a committee headed by Felipe Calderón, was approved by the congress after amendments have been made on January 20, 1899, sanctioned by Aguinaldo the next day and promulgated on January 22. The last congressional act of the Malolos Congress was the inauguration of the Philippine Republic with Aguinaldo as the President on January 23, 1899, amidst the people's jubilation.

On March 31, 1899. (Good Friday) Aguinaldo ordered Gen. Antonio Luna to set the Malolos Cathedral including its huge silver altar on fire as part of their strategy called "Scorched-earth Policy" where everything will be rendered useless. Malolos was totally destroyed when the Americans captured the capital. During the Philippine–American War, after the bloody battle Aguinaldo escaped to San Fernando, Pampanga before the American Forces arrived at Malolos.

Malolos as Capital of the Bulacan Province

More than a year after the 1899 Battle of Malolos national seat was officially conferred again to the City of Manila again and on February 27, 1901, by the virtue of Public Law Number 88 of the Philippine Commission, the commission officially transferred the capital seat from Bulakan to Malolos and it became the Provincial Capital of the Province of Bulacan.

Casa Tribunal de Malolos was converted as the new Casa Real of Bulacan (Casa Real Shrine of Malolos) making it as the Official Office and Residence of Governor until 1930 when the new Provincial Capitol Building in Barrio Guinhawa, Malolos was built.

Bulacan Provincial Capitol in Malolos City built in 1930

Governments of Malolos after the Philippine–American War

Encomienderos, Gobernadocillos and Mayors

As one of the original and oldest towns in the province of Bulacan, Malolos has a long list of town leaders since its formation as a Royal Encomienda in November 1571.

In 1998 Malolos was the site again for another Presidential inauguration of Joseph Estrada on June 30, 1998, in Barasoain Church as the President of the Republic of the Philippines. Estrada, whose real surname is Ejercito, traced his ancestry to the Ejercitos who were prominent in the history of Malolos

The 280M Malolos Steel Flyover

It was in summer of 2004, the construction of the Malolos flyover marks a new milestone in their flourishing history being the first in the city. The structure, part of the former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's Bridge Program, the construction was undertaken in a record-breaking 60 days only according to the Department of Public Works and Highways. The structure was built to solve the daily traffic jam at the place, which have become a bane to motorist and also to employees in both private and government offices in this city. This remarkable feat hastened not only the city's development in commerce and trade but its neighboring municipalities as well.

In July 28–30, 2008, the city was chosen to host the first National Conference for Philippine-Spanish Relations. The conference's theme was "Philippine-Spanish Relations: Sharing Common History and Culture." This is a project both of the Province of Bulacan's research arm, Center for Bulacan Studies of Bulacan State University and by the Samahang Pangkasaysayan ng Bulacan, Incorporated.

Cityhood

The charter of the City of Malolos was first passed through Republic Act 8754 on November 4, 1999. The bill's author was then Rep. Wilhelmino M. Sy-Alvarado now the (Provincial Governor of Bulacan). A plebiscite was conducted on December 18, 1999, where the votes "not" in favor of cityhood won. During the plebiscite, the clash between the pro and anti-cityhood groups reached the peak when the allegedly fraud done by the anti's to manipulate the results in able to win the "No" votes gathering 11,535 count against 9,321 Yes votes.

Due to the electoral fraud on Malolos cityhood plebiscite, the then Congressman Wilhelmino Alvarado and Malolos Mayor Restituto Roque filed an electoral protest at the Commission on Elections dated December 29, 1999 to recount the results of the plebiscite.[14]

The recount reversed the initial decision and the Commissn found out that 10,746 votes approved the cityhood and only 8,402 against the conversion.

The protest was granted by the Second Division of Commission on Elections, per Resolution No. Election Protest Case (EPC) 99-2, October 8, 2001, the COMELEC affirmed that the "YES" vote won so the Cityhood of Malolos is valid as of December 18, 1999.[15] In 2010, the Malolos City Council passes the City Resolution 24-2010 declaring 18 December of every year to be celebrated as Cityhood Day.

The invalidation of R.A 9591 the Lone District of Malolos Act

On December 19, 2007, Senator Manuel Araneta Roxas II introduced and filed Senate Bill 1986 that seeks to amend section 57 of Republic Act 8754, the component law converting Malolos from a municipality to a component city. The bill was read on First Reading and Referred to the Committee on Rules on the same day as it was filled. On May 13, 2008, it was referred to the Committee on Local Government, on motion of Senator Pangilinan. On October 6, 2008, the bill was sponsored by Senator Benigno S. Aquino III, and co-sponsored by Senators Richard J. Gordon and Mar Roxas.

In the House of the Representatives, House Bill 3693 was filed on March 4, 2008 by Ma. Victoria Sy-Alvarado, Representative of the first district of Bulacan. The Committee on Local Government, of the House of the Representatives, approved House Bill 3162, declaring Malolos City as a lone congressional district separate and distinct from the first congressional district of the province of Bulacan. The said House Bill was substituted by House Bill 3693, which had been approved by the House on April 29, 2008; transmitted on May 5; and was received by the Senate on May 6, 2008.

The Republic Act 9591, entitled "An Act Amending Section 57 of Republic Act No. 8754, otherwise known as the Charter of the City of Malolos" was passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate on April 29. 2008 and February 16, 2009 respectively. It was transmitted to the Office of the President on March 31, 2009. The Act Lapsed into law on May 1, 2009 without the signature of the President, in accordance with Article VI, Section 27 (1) of the Constitution.[16]

The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) created a resolution, Resolution Number 09-0544, in the matter of Republic Act No. 9591 on the allocation of one (1) legislative district for the City of Malolos.[17]

However, the Supreme Court declared the creation of the new legislative district as unconstitutional on January 28, 2010.[18] The Supreme Court further reaffirmed on March 10, 2010 its decision to declare the creation of the new legislative district as unconstitutional,[19] thus, the city remains part of the 1st District of Bulacan.

Demographics

Population Census of Malolos City
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 125,178—    
1995 147,414+3.11%
2000 175,291+3.78%
2007 223,269+3.39%
2010 234,945+1.87%

Language and ethnicity

The majority of the Maloleños (or Malolenyo in Filipino) traces their roots to Tagalog ethnicity although there are also Kapampangan and other ethnicities who migrated to the city. The vernacular language is Filipino, in the form of Tagalog, while Philippine English is the language most widely used in education and business throughout the city. Although Malolos is the city where the Filipinos established the Spanish as their only official language in the first constitution, the native speakers of Spanish still alive are reduced to the very old members of a handful of families.

Population and barangays

Based on the 2007 Census of Population and Housing, as of August 1, the city's population was at 223,069 people.[20] It had a population density of 3,317 persons per square kilometer. There are 47,362 households in the city. Majority of the Malolos households usually lives along the major roads. It has an average crime rate of 6.28% and has a crime solution efficiency of 97.11%.

Malolos City is subdivided into 52 barangays that are spread over a land area of 7,725 hectares (19,090 acres) consisting of agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, bodies of water, fishponds, marshes and roads. Many of the name of the barangays were derived from the name of common Philippine trees, because Malolos was once a vast virgin land and forests, before the Spaniards came and Christianized the natives. While others were named in honor of their patron saints.

Recently, the National Statistics Office released the official result of 2010 census in which Malolos City has a population of 234,945 people, an increase of 15,000 people from the 2007 census.[21]

Christianity and other religion

Malolos Cathedral-Basilica, the principal church of the city and the Province of Bulacan

The Christianization of Malolos was done by the Augustinians in 1572-1578 thru the effort of Fray Diego Ordoñez de Vivar and it became one of the visitas of Parish of Tondo together with Pasig, Taal, San Pablo delos Montes and Paranaque. In 1575 the ecclesiastical administration was transferred to the Convent of Calumpit. On June 11, 1580 the mission chapel was accepted by the Augustinians as House of Order and became Iglesia Convento y Malolos with visitas of Paombong, Matimbo, Mambog and Quingua in 1581. Later due to the frequent high tides that submerged the area, the friars moved the church to its present location in Poblacion in 1590 under the curate Fray Cristobal Tarique, where they started to build a church made of light materials and wood. In 1599 Fray Roque de Barrionuevo started to build a church made of stone and it was finished in 1673. The majority of the residents are Christians. Roman Catholic is the predominant religion in the city.

Santa Isabel de Hungaria Church, built in 1673 as visita of Malolos and became Parish in 1859

Since the Spanish Period, Christianity, particularly Roman Catholicism faith in Malolos is very intensive. It is evident through the existence of the Old 3 big stone churches. (Malolos Church,Barasoain Church and Santa Isabel Church) Being a dominant Catholic, Malolos together with the whole province of Bulacan is constituted as Vicaria dela Inmaculada Concepcion in which the (Cura de Malolos is the Vicar Forane) formerly annexed to the Archdiocese of Manila until March 11, 1962, when Pope John XXIII erected the Diocese of Malolos making the Malolos Church as its Cathedral. In March 2012 the Diocese of Malolos will celebrate its 50th Anniversary. It was highlighted by the Canonical Coronation of the patroness and queen of the City and the whole Province, Virgen Inmaculada Concepción de Malolos enshrined at the cathedral's altar.

Other religious groups include the Methodists, Aglipayans, Adventists, Baptists, Mormons, other Protestant churches, and Nontrinitarian churches (like Members Church of God International, Iglesia ni Cristo, and Jehovah's Witness). There also some Evangelical, Pentecostal, Charismatic churches, ministries, fellowships and religious groups. Islam (Muslims) could also be found in the city.

Economy

Commerce and industry

A Section of Malolos Bayan
Robinsons Place Malolos opened December 12, 2013 Robinsons Land Corporation's 35th Mall

The City of Malolos is rapidly becoming industrialized due to its proximity to Metro Manila. Many corporations put up industrial plants and sites, and commercial and banking establishments in key places in the city. Malolos also serves as the Banking Capital of Bulacan, in prominent areas of the city particularly in Paseo del Congreso Avenue, the city hosts almost 40 banks. Many of the businesses and industries in the city include Agribusiness; Aquaculture; Banking; Cement Bag Making Ceramics; Construction; Courier; Education; Food/Food Processing; Furniture; Garments; Gifts, Housewares & Decorations; Hospitals; Hotels, Resorts & Restaurants; Information and Communications Technology; Insurance; Jewelry; Leather & Leather Tanning; Manpower; Manufacturing; Marble; Printing Press; Realty/Real Property Development; Shoe Manufacturing; Textile; Trade; Transport Services; Travel & Tours; and other services. Malolos City is now one of the Commercial Hubs in Central Luzon, being a promising investment city many projects are presently rising. Some of those projects are:

Major Industries

  • Industrial Estates
  • Agriculture
  • Aquaculture
  • Banking
  • Bag Making
  • Flowers/Ornamental Plants
  • Food/Food Processing
  • Garments
  • Gifts/Houseware/Decors

Major Products

  • Bakeries Products (Enseymada Malolos, Otap Bread)
  • Processed Meat
  • Processed Food (Atsarang Kangkong, Bagoong Alamang)
  • Metallic products
  • Rice
  • Fishes and other Seafoods.

First Bulacan Industrial City

The First Bulacan Industrial City is the very first industrial estate established in Province of Bulacan located at Barangay Tikay. There are more than 20 corporations and companies operating their factories inside the estate.

Heritage, Tourism, Culture and Arts

Malolos Historic Town Center

The Historic Town Center of Malolos was declared as one of the Philippine Heritage Sites in August 2001.
Location City of Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines 3000
Governing body National Historical Commission of the Philippines
Designated August 15, 2001

Malolos hailed as the Premiere Heritage City of Bulacan. Many ancestral houses from Spanish and American period,numerous Spanish colonial churches and chapels, historical sites and landmarks even structures such as walls and bridges with heritage and historical value found around the city. Some of these are already marked by National Historical Institute while others are marked by the City Government. The historic town center of Malolos was declared National Heritage Landmark on August 15, 2001 under the name of Malolos Heritage Town.

Don Antonio Bautista's mansion

-Universidad Literaria y Scienifico de Filipina at Malolos Convent -General Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy Monument at Barasoain patio. -Unang Republika ng Pilipinas installed at left side of the main lateral wall of the church.

Other sites that possess heritage and historical value but are not currently marked by the National Historical Institute:

Feasts and Festivals

Dubbed as the Bulacan's City of Festivals, Malolos boasts with many feasts and festivals every year. Some festivals are civic festivities and most are religious festivals.

Malolos version of Singkaban made in Pulo,Barihan

The four holy images are:

All of these antique and miraculous images are in the custody of the Bisita ng Santisima Trinidad.

Parks and museums

Capitol Mini-Forest and Children's Park.
Gat Blas F. Ople Sentro ng Kabataan, Sining at Kultura ng Bulacan.
Bulacan Provincial Library.

Education

Malolos is hailed as one of the centers of education in Central Luzon region of the Philippines. The city is host to numerous schools in the primary, secondary and tertiary level. Here are the partial list of schools, academies, institutes, colleges, and universities in Malolos.

Colleges and universities

  • Bulacan State University (BULSU) (Main Campus)
  • Centro Escolar University (CEU) (Malolos Campus)
  • La Consolacion University Philippines (formerly University of Regina Carmeli) (Catmon and Barasoain Campus)
  • Bulacan Polytechnic College(BPC) (Main Campus)
  • STI Academic Center
  • AMA Computer College (AMACC)
  • AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC)
  • ABE International College of Business & Accountancy
  • St. Augustine College of Nursing
  • Divine Colleges of Malolos City, Inc. (formerly Divine Arts & Sciences Computer College, Inc.)
  • Collegio De San Jose (Veritas Technical School)
  • Datacase Computer Technology Inc.
  • Manila Montessori College International – Malolos Campus
  • Corinthian International College
  • Technical Skills Development Authority – Bulacan Provincial Training Center
  • Saint Amatiel College

High schools, elementary, and pre-schools

Public or Government-Subsidized Schools
  • Bulacan State University Laboratory High School (BulSU-LHS), in Guinhawa
  • Bulihan National High School, in Bulihan
  • Cong. Teodulo C. Natividad High School, in Bangkal
  • Malolos City High School, in Bungahan, Santisima Trinidad, and Canalate
  • Malolos City Integrated School (formerly Malolos Elementary School), in Santo Rosario, Babatnin, Catmon, Atlag
  • Malolos Marine Fishery School & Laboratory (MMFS&L), in Balite founded in 1971
  • Marcelo H. del Pilar National High School (MHPNHS), in Bagong Bayan (Santa Isabel)
  • Pamarawan High School, in Pamarawan
  • Pres. Corazon Cojuanco-Aquino National High School, in Mojon

Malolos has 38 public elementary schools under the authority of Department of Education Division of City Schools of Malolos, the city schools are divided into two educational district (EDDIS) for representational purpose. The office of DEPED Division of City Schools of Malolos is currently located at the Malolos City Integrated School (formerly known as Malolos Elementary School) in barangay Santo Rosario.

Malolos North District
  • Balite Elementary School
  • Barasoain Memorial Elementary School
  • Barihan Primary School
  • Bulihan Elementary School
  • Bungahan Elementary School
  • Caingin Elementary School
  • Catmon Elementary School
  • Cofradia Elementary School
  • Dakila Elementary School
  • Ligas Elementary School
  • Longos Elementary School
  • Longos II Elementary School
  • Look 1st Elementary School
  • Look 2nd Elementary School
  • Lugam Annex Elementary School
  • Mabolo Elementary School
  • Pinagbakahan Elementary School
  • San Agustin Elementary School
  • San Pablo Primary School
  • Santor Elementary School
  • Sta. Isabel Elementary School
  • Stma. Trinidad Elementary School
  • Sumapa Elementary School
  • Sumapa Primary School
  • Tikay Elementary School
Malolos South District
  • Anilao Elementary School
  • Atlag Elementary School
  • Babatnin Elementary School
  • Bagna Elementary School
  • Balayong Primary School
  • Bangkal Elementary School
  • Calero Elementary School
  • Caliligawan Primary School
  • Canalate Elementary School
  • Caniogan Elementary School
  • Gen. Isidoro Torres Elementary School Memorial Elementary School (GITMES) in Matimbo
  • Malolos City Integrated School (formerly Malolos Elementary School), Santo Rosario Campus12
  • Mambog Elementary School
  • Masile Elementary School
  • Namayan Elementary School
  • Pamarawan Elementary School
  • Panasahan Elementary School
  • San Juan Elementary School
  • Santo Cristo Elementary School
  • Taal Elementary School

Footnotes Elementary School:

  • ^1 the "Central" school where the office of Department of Education Division of City School located.
  • ^2 offers Special Education (SPED)
Private schools

There are many privately owned and church-operated schools established in the city. Private Schools are member of Malolos City Private schools Association (MACIPRISA).

  • Academia de San Gabriel de Arcangel
  • A.V.M. Monessori Center
  • Bennechalah Kiddie Learning Center
  • Bible Baptist Academy of Malolos
  • Bulacan Ecumenical School
  • Clarion School
  • Centro de Malolos Institute
  • Colegio de San Jose Malolos
  • DANS Learning Center
  • Darwin International School
  • De La Salle Montessori International School
  • Easy Steps Learning School
  • Food for the Hungry Minds
  • Gartens Learning Center
  • Genle Academy of Malolos
  • Golden Angels School of Malolos
  • Holy Family School
  • Holy Infant School
  • Holy Rosary Learning Center
  • Holy Spirit Academy of Malolos
  • Holy Trinity Academy of Malolos
  • Immaculate Conception School for Boys
  • Immaculate Conception School of Malolos
  • International Montessori Center
  • J.E. Montessori School
  • JEM'S Malolos City
  • Jesus Christian Ministry School
  • La Consolacion University Philippines, Elementary School Basic Education Department
  • Levi's Angels Learning Center
  • Liceo Delos Apostoles
  • Little Angels Child Study Center of Malolos
  • Living Angels Christian Academy
  • LKBPI Montessori School
  • Lord's Angels Montessori School
  • Ma. Therese Montesori School
  • Malolos Adventist Elementary School
  • Malolos Christian School
  • Malolos Ecumenical School (formerly Malolos Ecumenical Kindergarten)
  • Mary the Queen School of Malolos
  • MERR-C Society Academy
  • Montessori de Natividad
  • Montessori School of Malolos
  • Northhills Academy of Malolos
  • PROBEX School
  • Santissimo Sacramento Catholic School
  • Saint Ezekiel School
  • Saint Vicent Kiddie School
  • San Pablo Educational Center
  • Shepherds Ways Academy of Bulacan
  • Southville Academy of Malolos
  • Stella Maris Academy
  • Stella Orientis School
  • St. Bernadeth Divine Academy
  • St. Clement Academy
  • St. Ezekiel Moreno School of Malolos
  • St. John Academy
  • St. Joseph Parochial School of Panasahan
  • St. Mary Apostolate Academy of Malolos
  • St. Thomas Aquinas Academy of Malolos
  • STI Academy of Malolos
  • Veritas Technical School

Social services

Housing

Health

Hospitals, medical centers and large clinics
  • Bulacan Medical Center (formerly Bulacan Provincial Hospital)[26]
  • Sacred Heart Hospital
  • Santos General Hospital of Malolos
  • Malolos San Vicente Hospital
  • Malolos San Ildefonso County Hospital
  • Mary Immaculate Maternity Hospital
  • Romel Cruz Hospital
  • Ofelia Mendoza Maternity and General Hospital
  • San Roque Hospital
  • Santisima Trinidad Hospital
  • Malolos Maternity Hospital
  • Malolos EENT Hospital
  • Saint Michael Clinic & Maternity Hospital
  • Malolos Eye Center
  • Santos Clinic, Inc.
  • St. Vincent Polymedic Clinic
  • EAQ Malolos Clinic and Laboratory
  • Maunlad Medical Laboratory
Health centers
  • Malolos Rural Health Unit (RHS) I
  • Malolos RHU II
    • Malolos Healthy Lifestyle and Fitness Center
  • Malolos RHU III
    • Malolos Lying In
  • Malolos RHU IV
  • Malolos RHU V
  • Malolos RHU VI
  • Estefania J. Aldaba Memorial Health Center and School Clinic
  • Bulihan BHS (Malolos RHU II)
  • Catmon BHS (Malolos RHU)
  • Mojon BHS (Malolos RHU II)

References

  1. ↑ "Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results". Intramuros, Manila, Philippines: Commission on Elections (COMELEC). 11 September 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  2. ↑ "Province: BULACAN". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  3. 1 2 "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010" (PDF). 2010 Census of Population and Housing. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  4. ↑ "Annual Audit Reports". Coa.gov.ph. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  5. ↑ "NSCB – 2003 Factsheet – One City and Eleven Barangays Created". Nscb.gov.ph. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  6. ↑ The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898, by Emma Helen Blair and James A. Robertson, Manila, 1903–1909
  7. ↑ Malolos Historical Digest, March 2000, Marcial C. Aniag, editor
  8. ↑ http://www.philippinehistory.net/first50/encomiendas.htm
  9. ↑ For the accounts of the attempted revolt, see Blair and Robertson, Vol. XXXVIII, p.98-99
  10. ↑ Malolos Historical Digest, June 2000
  11. ↑ Malolos Historical Digest, March 2000 issue, Marcial C. Aniag, editor; Book on the 21 Women of Malolos by Nicanor G. Tiongson
  12. ↑ "Welcome to the official webpage of Women of Malolos". Womenofmalolos.org. January 27, 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  13. ↑ Malolos Historical Digest, June 2000
  14. ↑ "Former Mayor Roque to Donate Cityhood Documents". Web.archive.org. October 26, 2009. Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  15. ↑ http://beta.maloloscity.gov.ph/government/history/highlights-of-malolos-history/malolos
  16. ↑ "Republic Act 9591, entitled "An Act Amending Section 57 of Republic Act No. 8754, otherwise known as the Charter of the City of Malolos"" (PDF). Op.gov.ph. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  17. ↑ "Minutes Resolution No. 09-0544". Comelec.gov.ph. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  18. ↑ http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/insideNews.htm?f=2010/january/28/news3.isx&d=2010/january/28
  19. ↑ http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20100310-257763/SC-nullifies-Malolos-district-with-finality
  20. ↑ "BULACAN'S TOTAL POPULATION APPROACHED THREE MILLION PERSONS (Results from the 2007 Census of Population)". Census.gov.ph. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  21. ↑ http://census.gov.ph/data/census2010/index.html
  22. ↑ "Total Population, Household Population and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2000". National Statistics Office. May 1, 2000. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
  23. ↑ "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay as of August 1, 2007" (PDF). National Statistics Office. August 1, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
  24. ↑ http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=819592&publicationSubCategoryId=76
  25. ↑ "Santisima Trinidad of Malolos, Bulacan « Museo Santisima Trinidad". Curatormuseo.wordpress.com. December 15, 2011. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  26. ↑ Newly built Bulacan hospital inaugurated Archived June 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.

External links

Calumpit Plaridel
Paombong Guiguinto
Bulakan
   Malolos City  
Manila Bay
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